Smile (The Beach Boys album)
Updated: 12/11/2025, 2:10:32 PM Wikipedia source
Smile (stylized as SMiLE) is an unfinished album by the American rock band the Beach Boys, conceived as the follow-up to their 1966 album Pet Sounds. The project—a concept album involving themes of Americana, humor, youth, innocence, and the natural world—was planned as a twelve-track LP assembled from modular fragments, the same editing process used on their single "Good Vibrations". After a year of recording, the album was shelved and a downscaled version, Smiley Smile, was released in September 1967. Over the next four decades, few of the original Smile tracks were officially issued, and the project became regarded as the most legendary unreleased album in popular music history. The album was produced and primarily composed by Brian Wilson with guest lyricist and assistant arranger Van Dyke Parks, envisioning the project as a Rhapsody in Blue–influenced riposte to contemporary rock trends and the British Invasion. Wilson touted Smile as a "teenage symphony to God" intended to surpass Pet Sounds and inaugurate the band's Brother Records imprint. Consuming over 50 hours of tape across more than 80 recording sessions, its content ranged from musical and spoken word to sound effects and role-playing. Its influences spanned mysticism, classical music, ragtime, pre–rock and roll pop, jazz, doo-wop, musique concrète, and cartoons. Planned elements included word paintings, tape manipulation, acoustic experiments, comedic interludes, and the band's most challenging and complex vocals to this point. The projected lead single was either "Heroes and Villains", about early California history, or "Vega-Tables", a satirical promotion of organic food. Numerous issues, including legal entanglements with Capitol Records, Wilson's uncompromising perfectionism and mental instabilities, as well as Parks' withdrawal from the project in early 1967, delayed the album. Most tracks were produced between August and December 1966, but few were finished, and its structure was never finalized. Fearing the public's reaction to his avant-garde work, Wilson blocked its release. A mythology bolstered by journalists present at the sessions soon surrounded the project. Long the subject of intense debate and speculation over its unfinished tracks and elusive tracklist, Wilson's unfulfilled ambitions inspired many musicians and groups, especially those in indie rock, post-punk, electronic, and chamber pop genres.
Smile was estimated to be "50% done" by mid-1967. Pared-down versions of "Heroes and Villains", "Vega-Tables", and four other songs were issued on Smiley Smile; further material was reworked into new songs such as "Cool, Cool Water". Three additional tracks—"Our Prayer", "Cabinessence" and "Surf's Up"—were completed for the albums 20/20 and Surf's Up. Since the 1980s, extensive session recordings have circulated widely on bootlegs, allowing fans to assemble hypothetical versions of a finished album, adding to its legacy as an interactive project. In response, Capitol included a loose reconstruction on the 1993 box set Good Vibrations. In 2004, Wilson, Parks, and Darian Sahanaja rearranged Smile for live performances, billed as Brian Wilson Presents Smile, which Wilson later adapted into a solo album. He considered this version to be substantially different from his original vision. The 2011 compilation The Smile Sessions was the first official package devoted to the original Beach Boys' recordings and included an approximation of the completed album. It received universal acclaim and won the Best Historical Album at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards in 2013.
Infobox
Recorded
February 17, 1966 – May 18, 1967 (initial sessions) June 1967 – July 1971 (later recordings)
Studio
WesternColumbiaGold StarSound RecordersCapitolBeach Boys (Los Angeles)
Genre
Art popprogressive poppsychedeliaexperimental
Producer
Brian Wilson
Tables
· Track table
1966
1966
Track
1966
Recording span
1967
Recording span
1968
Recording span
1971
February
February
Track
February
Recording span
March
Recording span
April
Recording span
May
Recording span
June
Recording span
July
Recording span
August
Recording span
September
Recording span
October
Recording span
November
Recording span
December
Recording span
January
Recording span
February
Recording span
March
Recording span
April
Recording span
May
‡ "Good Vibrations"
‡ "Good Vibrations"
Track
‡ "Good Vibrations"
‡ "Heroes and Villains"
‡ "Heroes and Villains"
Track
‡ "Heroes and Villains"
# "Wind Chimes"
# "Wind Chimes"
Track
# "Wind Chimes"
† "Look (Song for Children)"
† "Look (Song for Children)"
Track
† "Look (Song for Children)"
# "Wonderful"
# "Wonderful"
Track
# "Wonderful"
# "He Gives Speeches"
# "He Gives Speeches"
Track
# "He Gives Speeches"
† "Holidays"
† "Holidays"
Track
† "Holidays"
‡ "Our Prayer"
‡ "Our Prayer"
Track
‡ "Our Prayer"
‡ "Cabin Essence"
‡ "Cabin Essence"
Track
‡ "Cabin Essence"
# "Child Is Father of the Man"
# "Child Is Father of the Man"
Track
# "Child Is Father of the Man"
# "I'm in Great Shape"
# "I'm in Great Shape"
Track
# "I'm in Great Shape"
# "Vega-Tables"
# "Vega-Tables"
Track
# "Vega-Tables"
# "Do You Like Worms?"
# "Do You Like Worms?"
Track
# "Do You Like Worms?"
# "Barnyard"
# "Barnyard"
Track
# "Barnyard"
‡ "Surf's Up"
‡ "Surf's Up"
Track
‡ "Surf's Up"
# "My Only Sunshine"
# "My Only Sunshine"
Track
# "My Only Sunshine"
† "The Elements: Fire"
† "The Elements: Fire"
Track
† "The Elements: Fire"
† "I Wanna Be Around"
† "I Wanna Be Around"
Track
† "I Wanna Be Around"
‡ "You're Welcome"
‡ "You're Welcome"
Track
‡ "You're Welcome"
# "Love to Say Dada"
# "Love to Say Dada"
Track
# "Love to Say Dada"
† "I Don't Know"
† "I Don't Know"
Track
† "I Don't Know"
# "Gee"
# "Gee"
Track
# "Gee"
† "Tones" / "Tune X"
† "Tones" / "Tune X"
Track
† "Tones" / "Tune X"
| Track | Recording span | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1971 | |||||||||||||||||
| February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | January | February | March | April | May | |||||
| ‡ "Good Vibrations" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡ "Heroes and Villains" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "Wind Chimes" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| † "Look (Song for Children)" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "Wonderful" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "He Gives Speeches" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| † "Holidays" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡ "Our Prayer" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡ "Cabin Essence" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "Child Is Father of the Man" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "I'm in Great Shape" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "Vega-Tables" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "Do You Like Worms?" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "Barnyard" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡ "Surf's Up" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "My Only Sunshine" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| † "The Elements: Fire" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| † "I Wanna Be Around" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡ "You're Welcome" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "Love to Say Dada" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| † "I Don't Know" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # "Gee" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| † "Tones" / "Tune X" | ||||||||||||||||||||
· Track table
†
†
Col 1
†
Recording
Survives only as an instrumental
#
#
Col 1
#
Recording
Recorded with vocals
‡
‡
Col 1
‡
Recording
Finished
| Recording | |
| Demo or studio experiment | |
| † | Survives only as an instrumental |
| # | Recorded with vocals |
| ‡ | Finished |
References
- According to his then-wife Marilyn, Wilson's new friends "had the gift of gab [...] All of a sudden [Brian] was in Holly
- He recorded at least two sketches—"Dick" and "Fuzz"—featuring exchanges between himself, a woman named Carol, and the Ho
- Later that year, Wilson expressed a desire to craft songs with multiple layers, favoring longer singles that could incor
- Badman cites February as the meeting date.
- According to Derek Taylor, they worked "night after night" while the other Beach Boys toured Britain in October and Nove
- Parks had attended some "Good Vibrations" recording sessions, and believed that his suggestions regarding the song's cel
- Anderle first met Wilson in 1965 through a family member and had been a key member of the Community for Fact and Freedom
- According to biographer Robert Rodriguez, Wilson felt that Revolver had topped his achievements on Pet Sounds. He writes
- Parks suggested in interviews that he and Wilson shared an understanding of the album's Americana theme, but in a 2005 r
- Heiser speculated that this may have further complicated attempts to assemble a final track assembly.
- David Toop contested "modular" in favor of "cellular" to describe the album's interlocking yet discrete musical units.
- He notes that while resembling a "theme and variations" framework, Gershwin's approach eschews rigid sectional divisions
- "Wind Chimes" embellishes the same scale steps with decorative melodic figures.
- The list had "Do You Like Worms?", "Wind Chimes", "Heroes and Villains", "Surf's Up", "Good Vibrations", "Cabin Essence"
- In January 1967, its closing section was adapted for "Heroes and Villains", excluding the "when skies are gray" vocal li
- Parks later said that other unrecorded lyrics had been written for the song. He revised the song with new text in 2003.
- Its keyboard melody was repurposed for "Heroes and Villains" after January 1967, and the track was retitled "Roll Plymou
- In July 1967, its bass line was adapted for "Can't Wait Too Long".
- A module titled "Do a Lot" or "Sleep a Lot", recorded during "Heroes and Villains" sessions, later evolved into the stan
- "Workshop" was later reworked into the album mix of "Do It Again" (1968).
- Parks later revised it as "Song for Children" in 2003.
- It was reworked into "She's Goin' Bald" by July 1967.
- It served as the B-side to the 1967 "Heroes and Villains" single.
- Alternatively titled "All Day", it evolved into "Cool, Cool Water" in mid-1967 and was retitled "In Blue Hawaii" in 2003
- Its marimba finale was repurposed for the Smiley Smile version of "Wind Chimes". Retitled "On a Holiday" in 2003, it rec
- Wilson had previously incorporated lighthearted spoken-word interludes and comedic tracks such as "'Cassius' Love vs. 'S
- The arguments are similar to those featured in a later Beach Boys track, "T M Song" from 15 Big Ones (1976).
- The pieces he created were titled "My Vega-tables" / "The Elements" (based on "Vega-Tables"); "Do You Like Worms"; "Two-
- Badman writes that the sessions were formally inaugurated on September 8 with "Holidays".
- Billboard suggested this result was influenced by the success of "Good Vibrations" and the band's recent UK tour, noting
- The article discussed the "energy" between himself ("Gemini"), Anderle ("the Jolly Jewish Carrot"), and Vosse ("Michael
- His wife Marilyn vetoed his suggestion to sell organic vegetables from a drive-through window at the rear of their home.
- Parks said that he never observed Wilson using psychedelics, stating in 2004 that "Brian was strongly against acid at th
- In a 1968 interview, Anderle intimated that Wilson's bandmates feared that straying too far from their established sound
- Reflecting on the exchange, Love said he was not necessarily opposed to the words, nor did he sense any offense from Par
- Love later compared Parks' lyrics to the poetry of Lewis Caroll, "clever and subtle" but "inscrutable" for rock music, w
- The remark originates from a 1971 Rolling Stone magazine article, "The Beach Boys: A California Saga", written by Nolan.
- Jardine, who praised Parks' lyrics and admitted to initially harboring discontent for the band's changing musical direct
- Heylin states that the studio logs appear to indicate March 2 as the date that Smile was "abandoned".
- Taylor described examples where Wilson would preview a new original song and remark, "Better than the Stones, yeah?" Wil
- Parks remembered the rumor being that two members of the Beatles had visited Steiner's studio to listen to unmixed Smile
- Heiser suggests that Wilson had likely relied on humorous moods as a strategy to alleviate concerns among both fans and
- Parks commented, "[Waronker] invited me over to Warners, not for who I was but for what I'd learned from Brian Wilson. [
- Author Richard Henderson, in his book covering Song Cycle, traced the album's use of novel timbres created through "lami
- Carlin suggested Parks harbored conflicted feelings: guilt over abandoning Wilson during the project's collapse, coupled
- Other notable fans were Alice Lillie, Paula Perrin, Peter Reum, and Mike Grant.
- Surveys in Tabor's late-1970s Friends of the Beach Boys showed strong reader interest in the band's psychedelic era and
- In a 1978 interview, Johnston discussed manager James William Guercio's decision to open the band's' 1979 album L.A. (Li
- While writing his 1978 authorized band biography, Byron Preiss had received a tape of Smile recordings that was later sh
- Other contents included "Wonderful" and "Wind Chimes" from Smiley Smile, the "Water Chant" segment of "Cool, Cool Water"
- In his belief, the work transformed into a benchmark for subsequent albums, including the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper, Love's F
- The iTunes release of BWPS was designated "indie rock".
- Linett said that Wilson had effectively "invented the method of modular recording that we take for granted today."
- Siegel's article originated numerous popular anecdotes, including Wilson's Seconds incident, his cancelling of a $3,000
- Siegel acknowledged that Brian had disliked the coverage dedicated to his mental struggles.
- Siegel's 1967 coverage had included a tongue-in-cheek reference to Wilson's "genius" branding by considering whether he
- According to Heiser, "Love's ongoing hostility towards Van Dyke Parks is clearly evident by the fact he fails to make an
- When compiling The Smile Sessions, Alan Boyd made use of film editing software Final Cut Pro.
- Wilson & Greenman 2016, p. 186.
- Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 72.
- Jones 2008, p. 63.
- Hit Paraderhttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/dennis-wilson-we-just-want-to-be-a-good-group
- Ear Candy Maghttp://earcandymag.com/brianwilson-2004.htm
- Starr 2007, pp. 236, 251–253.
- Starr 2007, pp. 253–254.
- Gaines 1986, pp. 147, 158.
- Gaines 1986, p. 124.
- Sanchez 2014, p. 92.
- Gaines 1986, pp. 124–125, 133–134.
- Badman 2004, pp. 87, 136.
- Badman 2004, p. 102.
- Gaines 1986, pp. 144–145.
- Carter 2016, p. 180.
- Carter 2016, p. 175.
- Badman 2004, p. 114.
- Henderson 2010, p. 38.
- Pitchforkhttp://pitchfork.com/news/42269-5-10-15-20-van-dyke-parks/
- Leaf 1978, p. 88.
- Badman 2004, p. 120.
- Badman 2004, pp. 120, 142.
- Badman 2004, pp. 118–120, 126, 131.
- Badman 2004, pp. 131–132.
- Granata 2003, p. 58.
- Badman 2004, pp. 134, 139.
- The Journal on the Art of Record Productionhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150415032648/http://arpjournal.com/smile-brian-wilson%E2%80%99s-musical-mosaic/
- Carlin 2006, p. 92.
- Badman 2004, pp. 114, 131.
- Gaines 1986, p. 160.
- Paste Magazinehttps://web.archive.org/web/20090108103456/http://www.pastemagazine.com/action/article/949/feature/music/brian_wilson_remembers_how_to_smile
- Badman 2004, p. 133.
- Badman 2004, p. 166.
- Henderson 2010, pp. 38, 43, 52, 55–60.
- Carter 2016, p. 179.
- Badman 2004, p. 137.
- Priore 2005, pp. 10, 42.
- Badman 2004, p. 153.
- Priore 2005, p. 117.
- Gaines 1986, p. 158.
- Gaines 1986, pp. 155–156, 158.
- Carter 2016, pp. 172–174.
- Carter 2016, p. 174.
- Gaines 1986, p. 155.
- The Smile Sessions
- Ear Candyhttps://www.earcandymag.com/turtles.htm
- Heiser 2021, p. 175.
- White 1996, p. 268.
- Badman 2004, p. 149.
- Carlin 2006, p. 101.
- Carter 2016, pp. 173–176.
- Sanchez 2014, p. 94.
- Williams 2010, p. 84.
- waste.orghttps://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9806&msg=27654&
- The Arts Fusehttp://artsfuse.org/76025/fuse-remembrance-be-the-rock-star-a-tribute-to-jules-siegel/
- Love 2016, p. 243.
- Hoskyns 2009, p. 130.
- Kent 1995, p. 264.
- Gaines 1986, p. 162.
- Williams 2010, p. 96.
- Rolling Stonehttps://web.archive.org/web/20180925234941/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/beach-boys-a-california-saga-244579/
- Gaines 1986, p. 164.
- Matijas-Mecca 2017, p. 60.
- Priore 2005, p. 108.
- Leaf 1978, p. 98.
- Leaf 1978, pp. 96–97.
- Priore 2005, p. 94.
- Schinder 2007, p. 117.
- Carlin 2006, p. 98.
- The New York Review of Bookshttp://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2006/jan/12/smile/
- Rodriguez 2020, pp. 221–222.
- Howard 2004, p. 76.
- Rodriguez 2012, p. 184.
- Prendergast 2003, p. 180.
- Brooklyn Veganhttps://www.brooklynvegan.com/beatles-vs-beach-boys-a-brief-history-of-the-greatest-rivalry-in-pop-innovation/
- Pop Chronicleshttps://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19796/m1/
- Priore 2005, p. 173.
- Ouihttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/a-conversation-with-brian-wilson
- Carter 2016, p. 178.
- Carter 2016, pp. 178–179.
- New Yorkhttps://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/music/pop/12377/
- Smilehttp://i351.photobucket.com/albums/q476/marcus1970/
- Kent 2009, p. 36.
- Leaf 1978, p. 97.
- Priore 2005, p. 79.
- Sanchez 2014, p. 101.
- Gaines 1986, pp. 168–169.
- Los Angeles Times West Magazinehttp://www.afka.net/Articles/1966-11_Los_Angeles_Times.htm
- Sanchez 2014, pp. 93–94.
- Mojohttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/brian-wilson-smile-dont-mind-if-i-do
- Leaf 1978, p. 116.
- Tobler 1978, p. 37.
- Badman 2004, p. 147.
- Smilehttps://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/oct/11/beach-boys-smile-brian-wilson
- Carlin 2006, p. 91.
- Carter 2016, p. 182.
- Priore 2005, p. 68.
- The Daily Telegraphhttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/ismilei-how-we-created-pops-lost-legend
- Freaky Triggerhttp://freakytrigger.co.uk/ft/1999/06/lets-just-say-that-sometimes/
- Carter 2021, pp. 45–46.
- Carter 2021, p. 39.
- Carter 2021, pp. 39, 62.
- Carter 2021, p. 62.
- SMiLEhttp://www.darrenreidhistory.co.uk/deconstructing-america-the-beach-boys-brian-wilson-and-the-making-of-smile/
- Heiser 2021, p. 164.
- "That Time The Beach Boys Made a Teenage Symphony to God"http://www.mbird.com/2011/11/the-beach-boys-smile-a-teenage-symphony-to-god/
- Dillon 2012, p. 151.
- Priore 2005, p. 89.
- Priore 2005, p. 73.
- The Wall Street Journalhttps://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204524604576609000066845070
- SMiLEhttps://web.archive.org/web/20140702013940/http://www.jazzwax.com/2011/10/interview-brian-wilson.html
- Carter 2021, p. 43.
- Williams 2010, pp. 94–98.
- Preiss 1979, p. 60.
- Lambert 2008, p. 115.
- Badman 2004, p. 131.
- Carter 2016, pp. 169, 182.
- Carter 2016, pp. 183–184.
- Carter 2016, p. 184.
- Schinder 2007, p. 116.
- Smilehttp://www.soundonsound.com/sos/Oct04/articles/smile.htm
- The SMiLE Sessions
- Heiser 2021, p. 160.
- The SMiLE Sessionshttps://www.popmatters.com/review/152324-the-beach-boys-the-smile-sessions/
- Heiser 2021, pp. 3, 166.
- Priore 2005, p. 70.
- Heiser 2021, p. 167.
- Badman 2004, p. 108.
- Heiser 2021, pp. 171–172.
- YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXoDkZlxg9c
- "Nearly 45 years later, Beach Boys' 'Smile' complete"http://www.azcentral.com/thingstodo/music/articles/20111020beach-boys-smile-album-cd-complete-finished.html#ixzz3JVEAd8RG
- Priore 2005, p. 69.
- The Smile Sessionshttps://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/16000-the-smile-sessions/
- Rolling Stonehttps://www.rollingstone.com/music/live-reviews/brian-wilson-entrances-bristol-on-eve-of-pet-sounds-50th-anniversary-20160516
- SMiLEhttps://consequenceofsound.net/2014/09/brian-wilsons-smile-vs-the-beach-boys-the-smile-sessions/
- Hall 2014, p. 63.
- Sellars 2015, p. 106.
- The Wall Street Journalhttps://www.wsj.com/articles/SB898202521672981609
- Chronhttps://www.chron.com/life/article/Beach-Boys-makes-its-fans-SMiLE-again-2264162.php
- Lowe 2007, p. 219.
- The New York Observerhttps://observer.com/2015/07/beyond-the-life-of-brian-the-myth-of-the-lesser-beach-boys/
- Priore 2005, p. 102.
- Heiser 2021, p. 166.
- Toop 1995, p. 114.
- Heiser 2021, p. 165.
- Sanchez 2014, p. 88.
- The Smile Sessionshttps://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/oct/27/beach-boys-smile-sessions-review
- Popmattershttps://www.popmatters.com/feature/161935-the-once-and-future-king-smile-and-brian-wilsons-very-american-dream/
- LA Weeklyhttps://web.archive.org/web/20141204153729/http://www.techgnosis.com/index_beach.html
- Priore 2005, p. 72.
- Lambert 2016, pp. 82–85.
- Carter 2016, p. 181.
- Carlin 2006, p. 97.
- SMiLEhttps://web.archive.org/web/20140714111352/http://www.rockcellarmagazine.com/2013/04/02/al-jardine-smile-beach-boys-interview/
- Heiser 2021, pp. 162, 166.
- Priore 2005, p. 23.
- Heiser 2021, p. 176.
- CNNhttps://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/13/living/brian-wilson-creativity
- Williams 2010, p. 94.
- Trynka & Bacon 1996, p. 128.
- Lambert 2007, p. 262.
- Carter 2021, p. 153.
- Lambert 2007, pp. 262–263.
- Lambert 2007, pp. 269–270.
- Lambert 2007, p. 270.
- Priore 1995, p. 30.
- Badman 2004, p. 167.
- Priore 2005, p. 100.
- Stylushttps://web.archive.org/web/20120510110322/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/feature.php?ID=59
- Badman 2004, pp. 131–132, 153.
- Carlin 2006, p. 120.
- Carlin 2006, p. 93.
- Priore 2005, pp. 65, 68.
- Badman 2004, pp. 156, 167.
- Badman 2004, p. 160.
- Badman 2004, p. 161.
- Priore 2005, p. 10.
- Priore 2005, p. 42.
- Priore 2005, p. 74.
- Mojo Magazine
- Priore 2005, p. 65.
- Badman 2004, p. 151.
- Priore 2005, p. 66.
- Badman 2004, p. 168.
- Stebbins 2011, p. 90.
- Preiss 1979, p. [page needed].
- Priore 2005, p. 71.
- Badman 2004, p. 150.
- Priore 2005, p. 109.
- Heiser 2021, pp. 177–178.
- Badman 2004, p. 163.
- Williams & Anderle 1995, p. 230.
- Carlin 2006, p. 250.
- Gaines 1986, p. 173.
- Priore 2005, p. 82.
- Priore 2005, p. 86.
- Preiss 1979, p. 62.
- Lambert 2007, p. 47.
- Lambert 2016, p. 90.
- Carlin 2006, p. 112.
- Badman 2004, p. 165.
- Lambert 2007, pp. 267–268.
- Badman 2004, p. 144.
- Badman 2004, p. 145.
- Doggett 1997, p. 72.
- Lambert 2007, p. 280.
- Priore 1995, p. 154.
- Priore 2005, pp. 169–170.
- Priore 2005, p. 170.
- Badman 2004, pp. 173, 178, 180–181.
- Badman 2004, p. 173.
- Carlin 2006, p. 111.
- Heiser 2021, p. 174.
- Badman 2004, pp. 156, 158.
- Badman 2004, p. 158.
- Badman 2004, p. 156.
- Badman 2004, p. 162.
- Badman 2004, pp. 175–177.
- Preiss 1979, p. 63.
- Matijas-Mecca 2017, p. 180.
- Carlin 2006, p. 102.
- White 1996, p. 269.
- Carlin 2006, p. 100.
- Schinder 2007, p. 118.
- Badman 2004, p. 142.
- Heiser 2021, p. 159.
- Matijas-Mecca 2017, p. 50.
- Bellagio 10452http://www.bellagio10452.com/gigs66.html
- Carlin 2006, p. 105.
- Badman 2004, pp. 155–156.
- Priore 2005, p. 39.
- Priore 2005, p. 96.
- Stebbins 2000, p. 85.
- White 1996, p. 270.
- Sanchez 2014, p. 86.
- Carlin 2006, p. 106.
- Sanchez 2014, pp. 86–87.
- Billboardhttps://books.google.com/books?id=0CIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA21
- Uncuthttps://archive.org/details/TheHistoryOfRock1966/
- Sanchez 2014, p. 4.
- Matijas-Mecca 2017, pp. xiv, 60–63, 77–78.
- Priore 1995, p. 197.
- Rock and Other Four Letter Words: Music of the Electric Generation
- Musicianhttp://troun.tripod.com/carl.html
- Heylin 2007, pp. 186–187.
- Stebbins 2011, p. [page needed].
- Stebbins 2000, p. 58.
- Kent 2009, p. 29.
- Kent 1995, pp. 263, 267.
- NMEhttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/beach-boy-a-day-brian--loved-or-loathed-genius
- Love 2016, pp. 160–162, 166.
- Rolling Stonehttps://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/the-ballad-of-mike-love-20160217
- Heylin 2007, p. 180.
- Badman 2004, p. 181.
- The Beach Boys: It's OK!
- The Quietushttps://thequietus.com/articles/12337-van-dyke-parks-interview
- Rolling Stonehttps://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-beach-boys-last-wave-20120621
- Heylin 2007, pp. 182–183.
- Heylin 2007, p. 183.
- Heylin 2007, p. 51.
- Carlin 2006, pp. 103, 280.
- Gaines 1986, p. 159.
- Love 2016, p. 245.
- Beautiful Dreamer: Brian Wilson and the Story of Smile
- Carlin 2006, p. 103.
- Gaines 1986, p. 171.
- Kent 2009, p. 32.
- Kent 2009, p. 41.
- Love 2016, p. 248.
- Record Mirrorhttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/dennis-wilson-i-live-with-17-girls
- Love 2016, p. 163.
- Goldminehttps://web.archive.org/web/20130109022135/http://brianwilsonfans.com/page11.php
- Heiser 2021, p. 186.
- Heylin 2007, p. 182.
- Gaines 1986, p. 163.
- Heiser 2021, p. 181.
- Carlin 2006, pp. 108–109.
- Priore 2005, pp. 98–99.
- Badman 2004, pp. 153, 159, 162.
- Gaines 1986, p. 174.
- Leaf 1978, p. 110.
- MOJOhttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/lost-in-music-brian-wilson
- Gaines 1986, p. 172.
- Love 2016, p. 268.
- Heiser 2021, p. 183.
- Badman 2004, pp. 163, 173, 180.
- Williams & Anderle 1995, p. [page needed].
- Williams & Anderle 1995, p. 224.
- Priore 2005, p. 95.
- Carlin 2006, p. 116.
- Love 2016, pp. 131, 151.
- Love 2016, pp. 162, 166.
- Carlin 2006, p. 313.
- Tintin; Brian Wilson interviewhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b015ztlz
- Love 2016, p. 249.
- Love 2016, p. 251.
- Matijas-Mecca 2017, pp. xx–xxi.
- Love 2016, pp. 164–165.
- Love 2016, p. 164.
- Love 2016, pp. 163–164.
- Priore 1995, p. 255.
- Badman 2004, pp. 167, 180.
- Heiser 2021, p. 182.
- Heylin 2007, p. 95.
- Williams & Anderle 1995, p. 232.
- Badman 2004, pp. 170, 178, 243.
- Badman 2004, pp. 173, 178.
- Priore 2005, p. 113.
- Kent 1995, p. 266.
- Kent 2009, p. 40.
- Badman 2004, p. 178.
- Heylin 2007, p. 186.
- Carlin 2006, p. 167.
- Gaines 1986, p. 175.
- Kent 2009, pp. 38, 42.
- Williams & Anderle 1995, p. [page needed].
- Gaines 1986, pp. 167–168.
- Carlin 2006, p. 117.
- Badman 2004, pp. 153, 163, 173, 180.
- Carlin 2006, p. 119.
- Love 2016, p. 107.
- Rolling Stone
- Kent 1995, p. 263.
- Williams & Anderle 1995, p. 233.
- The History of Rockhttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/1967-the-year-it-all-came-together
- "Brian Answer's Fans' Questions in Live Q&A"https://web.archive.org/web/20210224224421/https://www.brianwilson.com/news/2014/1/29/brian-answers-fans-questions-in-live-qa
- (page 2)https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/09/26/lost-and-found-sounds
- Priore 2005, p. 114.
- Gaines 1986, p. 165.
- Badman 2004, p. 180.
- Priore 2005, p. 106.
- Priore 2005, p. 107.
- Badman 2004, pp. 180–181, 183.
- Priore 2005, pp. 116–117.
- The Cambridge Companion to the Beatles
- Heylin 2007, p. 181.
- Priore 2005, p. 112.
- Priore 1995, p. 231.
- Williams & Anderle 1995, p. 235.
- Sanchez 2014, pp. 95–97.
- Leaf 1978, p. 108.
- Sanchez 2014, p. 97.
- Kent 2009, p. 37.
- Love 2016, p. 253.
- Badman 2004, p. 182.
- Badman 2004, pp. 181, 183.
- Badman 2004, p. 183.
- Williams 1997, pp. 17–23.
- Badman 2004, p. 185.
- Matijas-Mecca 2017, p. 78.
- Badman 2004, p. 187.
- Badman 2004, pp. 187–188.
- Badman 2004, p. 189.
- The Beach Boys: An American Band
- Badman 2004, pp. 183–188.
- Badman 2004, pp. 188–189, 200.
- Harrison 1997, p. 46.
- Badman 2004, p. 200.
- Carlin 2006, p. 124.
- Priore 2005, p. 148.
- Dillon 2012, p. 150.
- Badman 2004, p. 195.
- Matijas-Mecca 2017, p. 82.
- Priore 1995, p. 160.
- Matijas-Mecca 2017, pp. 80, 82.
- Leaf 1978, p. 113.
- Smiley Smile/Wild Honeyhttp://www.albumlinernotes.com/Smiley_Smile_Wild_Honey.html
- Matijas-Mecca 2017, pp. xxii, 113.
- Hitshttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/smilei-when-your-heart-is-breaking-brian-wilson
- Henderson 2010, pp. 53–56.
- Hoskyns 2009, p. 208.
- Henderson 2010, p. 71.
- Courrier 2005, pp. 78–81.
- White 1996, p. 262.
- Priore 2005, p. 129.
- Toop 1999, p. 136.
- "Altijd bang"https://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2676/Cultuur/article/detail/723272/2004/07/09/Altijd-bang.dhtml
- Kent 2009, p. 43.
- Carlin 2006, p. 303.
- Carlin 2006, p. 148.
- Badman 2004, p. 188.
- Badman 2004, pp. 221, 231.
- Badman 2004, p. 258.
- Priore 2005, p. 143.
- Badman 2004, p. 266.
- Badman 2004, p. 293.
- Badman 2004, pp. 293, 296.
- Badman 2004, p. 296.
- Starr 2016, p. 257.
- Badman 2004, p. 305.
- Leaf 1978, p. 119.
- Priore 2005, p. 144.
- Badman 2004, p. 327.
- Badman 2004, p. 329.
- Today's Sound: A Melody Maker Bookhttps://archive.org/details/todayssound00cole
- Priore 2005, pp. 119–120.
- Rolling Stonehttps://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-healing-of-brother-brian-the-rolling-stone-interview-with-the-beach-boys-19761104
- Heroes and Villains: Essays on Music, Movies, Comics, and Culturehttps://archive.org/details/heroesvillainses00hajd
- Flory 2016, p. 216.
- Flory 2016, pp. 225, 227, 236.
- Flory 2016, pp. 225, 227.
- Aquarium Drunkardhttps://aquariumdrunkard.com/2023/05/26/subtle-vibrations-assorted-beach-boys-cover-oddities/
- Flory 2016, p. 221.
- Flory 2016, p. 220.
- Flory 2016, pp. 221, 223.
- Goldminehttp://oi44.tinypic.com/1jxc9z.jpg
- Pet Sounds
- Flory 2016, p. 226.
- Uncuthttps://www.uncut.co.uk/features/uncuts-50-best-bootlegs-68155/19/
- Flory 2016, p. 227.
- Flory 2016, pp. 227–228.
- Flory 2016, p. 228.
- Badman 2004, p. 374.
- Flory 2016, p. 229.
- BAMhttps://web.archive.org/web/19980630154219/http://www.petsounds.com/bam.pdf
- Carlin 2006, p. 260.
- The New York Review of Bookshttps://web.archive.org/web/20151224204434/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2005/09/22/a-lost-pop-symphony/
- "What A Nice Way To Turn 17: Brian Wilson by Jeremy Gluck – "Y'know what I mean..."https://web.archive.org/web/20111109130549/http://www.rocksbackpagesblogs.com/2011/02/what-a-nice-way-to-turn-17-brian-wilson-by-jeremy-gluck-yknow-what-i-mean/
- Flory 2016, pp. 229–230.
- Priore 2005, p. 154.
- Heylin 2007, p. 283.
- Flory 2016, pp. 221, 223–224.
- Flory 2016, p. 224.
- Priore 2005, p. 153.
- Heylin 2007, p. 284.
- Flory 2016, pp. 216–217.
- Williams 2010, pp. 84–85.
- Starr 2016, p. 258.
- Flory 2016, p. 230.
- Flory 2016, p. 231.
- Carlin 2006, pp. 150, 283.
- The Independenthttps://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/brian-wilson--genius-of-pop-its-a-bit-of-a-cliche-but-what-does-it-mean-barney-hoskyns-on-all-the-lonely-madmen-and-woman-1598886.html
- SMiLEhttp://www.iconfetch.com/great-music-interviews/2011-shows/406-mark-linett-beach-boys-smile-interview.html
- The New York Timeshttps://web.archive.org/web/19980630153930/http://www.petsounds.com/nytimes2.pdf
- Love 2016, p. 384.
- Carlin 2006, p. 290.
- Flory 2016, pp. 231–232.
- Phoenix New Times Musichttps://web.archive.org/web/20140111224758/http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/1999-12-23/music/the-forever-frown/
- NMEhttps://web.archive.org/web/20120229042827/http://www.nme.com/news/the-beach-boys/59950
- The Suburbanhttps://www.thesuburban.com/arts_and_entertainment/the-ai-music-phenomenon-has-at-least-one-standout-creator/article_4de4a31f-1e5c-51e5-93bb-ac8f6d210a19.html
- Flory 2016, p. [page needed].
- Priore 2005, p. 156.
- Flory 2016, pp. 223, 232.
- Carlin 2006, p. 302.
- Priore 2005, pp. 161–163.
- Carlin 2006, p. 304.
- Priore 2005, p. 167.
- Priore 2005, p. 169.
- Priore 2005, p. 177.
- Priore 2005, p. 176.
- Priore 2005, p. 178.
- Flory 2016, p. 233.
- Flory 2016, pp. 232–233.
- Flory 2016, pp. 215, 233.
- Courrier 2005, p. 78.
- Priore 2005, p. 151.
- The Smile Sessionshttp://www.newmusicbox.org/articles/sounds-heard-the-beach-boys-the-smile-sessions/
- Wilson, Carlhttps://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150608-is-this-americas-mozart
- Priore 2005, pp. 153, 155.
- Mojohttps://web.archive.org/web/20120314084605/http://www.rob-chapman.com/pages/smile.html
- Dillon 2012, p. 136.
- SMiLEhttps://web.archive.org/web/20151221232002/http://www.relix.com/articles/detail/how-to-steal-a-smile-an-alternate-history-of-the-beach-boys-lost-class
- Pastehttps://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/11/of-montreals-kevin-barnes-the-complete-paste-inter.html
- Faith No More Followershttp://www.faithnomorefollowers.com/2019/07/trey-spruance-california-20th.html
- Priore 2005, p. 155.
- Lynwoodhttps://web.archive.org/web/20100403214752/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1541761/20060926/yankovic_weird_al.jhtml
- NMEhttps://www.nme.com/news/my-bloody-valentine/64118
- Heiser 2021, p. 189.
- Heiser 2021, pp. 189–190.
- Carter 2021, p. 152.
- Williams 2010, p. 86.
- Priore 2005, p. 101.
- Sanchez 2014, pp. 83, 117.
- Stylus Magazinehttps://web.archive.org/web/20071201050813/http://stylusmagazine.com/articles/weekly_article/the-lost-album-the-stylus-magazine-non-definitive-guide.htm
- Smilehttp://freakytrigger.co.uk/ft/1999/06/dumb-angles-the-myth-and-promise-of-smile/
- "Baruch music professor of nearly 35 years dies at 63"https://theticker.org/6591/news/baruch-music-professor-of-nearly-35-years-dies-at-63/
- Lambert 2007, pp. 263, 288.
- Harrison 1997, p. 55.
- Carlin 2006, pp. 103–105.
- Sanchez 2014, pp. 99, 102.
- Sanchez 2014, pp. 86, 94, 99–103.
- Priore 2005, pp. 91, 98.
- The Arts Fusehttp://artsfuse.org/76025/fuse-remembrance-be-the-rock-star-a-tribute-to-jules-siegel/
- Dillon 2012, p. 269.
- Endless Summer Quarterly
- Flory 2016, p. 219.
- Love 2016, pp. 264–265.
- Marsh 1983, p. 31.
- Williams 1997, p. [page needed].
- Heylin 2007, pp. 284–285.
- Granata 2003, p. 206.
- PopMattershttps://www.pastemagazine.com/music/the-beach-boys/the-beach-boys-the-smile-sessions/
- Los Angeles Timeshttps://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2020-04-14/van-dyke-parks-hal-willner-coronavirus
- Sanchez 2014, p. 91.
- Love 2016, p. 273.
- Love 2016, pp. 269–273.
- Heiser 2021, p. 184.
- Schinder 2007, p. 119.
- Moore 2016, p. [page needed].
- Howard 2004, p. 77.
- Pitchforkhttps://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/11667-smiley-smilewild-honey/
- The Irish Timeshttps://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/the-beatles-bob-dylan-and-the-beach-boys-12-months-that-changed-music-1.2671482
- Mojohttps://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/brian-wilson-at-the-royal-festival-hall-london
- Heylin 2007, pp. 52, 284.
- Priore 2005, p. 118.
- AllMusichttps://www.allmusic.com/album/smile-not-released-mw0001007442
- Doggett 2015, p. 373.
- Doggett 1997, pp. 67, 69.
- Segretto 2022, p. 117.
- Flory 2016, p. 232.
- SMiLE!http://freakytrigger.co.uk/ft/1999/06/smile/
- Forbeshttps://www.forbes.com/sites/shawnsetaro/2016/03/28/kanye-west-releases-first-pablo-single-on-spotify-apple-music/
- Starr 2016, p. 261.
- Starr 2016, p. 259.
- The Smile Sessions