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Sinking of the Titanic

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Sinking of the Titanic

RMS Titanic sank on 15 April 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean. The largest ocean liner in service at the time, Titanic was four days into her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, United States, with an estimated 2,224 people on board when she struck an iceberg at 23:40 (ship's time) on 14 April. She sank two hours and forty minutes later at 02:20 ship's time (05:18 GMT) on 15 April, resulting in the deaths of up to 1,635 people, making it one of the deadliest peacetime maritime disasters in history. Titanic received six warnings of sea ice on 14 April, but was travelling at a speed of roughly 22 knots (41 km/h) when her lookouts sighted the iceberg. Unable to turn quickly enough, the ship suffered a glancing blow that buckled the steel plates covering her starboard side and opened six of her sixteen compartments to the sea. Titanic had been designed to stay afloat with up to four of her forward compartments flooded, and the crew used distress flares and radio (wireless) messages to attract help as the passengers were put into lifeboats. In accordance with existing practice, the Titanic's lifeboat system was designed to ferry passengers to nearby rescue vessels, not to hold everyone on board simultaneously; therefore, with the ship sinking rapidly and help still hours away, there was no safe refuge for many of the passengers and crew, as the ship was equipped with only twenty lifeboats, including four collapsible lifeboats. Poor preparation for, and management of, the evacuation meant many boats were launched before they were completely full. Titanic sank with over a thousand passengers and crew still on board. Almost all of those who ended up in the water died within minutes due to the effects of cold shock. RMS Carpathia arrived about an hour and a half after the sinking and rescued all of the 710 survivors by 09:15 on 15 April. The disaster shocked the world and caused widespread outrage over the lack of lifeboats, lax regulations, and the unequal treatment of third-class passengers during the evacuation. Subsequent inquiries recommended sweeping changes to maritime regulations, leading to the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) which still governs maritime safety today.

Infobox

Date
14–15 April 1912; 113 years ago (1912-04-15)
Time
23:40–02:20 (02:38–05:18 GMT)[a]
Duration
2 hours and 40 minutes
Location
North Atlantic Ocean, 370 miles (600 km) southeast of Newfoundland
Coordinates
mw- 41°43′32″N 49°56′49″W / 41.72556°N 49.94694°W / 41.72556; -49.94694
Type
Maritime disaster
Cause
Collision with an iceberg on 14 April
Participants
Titanic crew and passengers
Outcome
Maritime policy changes; SOLAS
Deaths
1,490–1,635

Tables

· Casualties and survivors
Children
Children
Passengers
Children
Category
First Class
Number on board
6
Percentage by total on board
0.3%
Number saved
5
Number lost
1
Percentage saved
83%
Percentage lost
17%
Percentage saved by total on board
0.2%
Percentage lost by total on board
< 0.1%
Second Class
Second Class
Passengers
Second Class
Category
24
Number on board
1.1%
Percentage by total on board
24
Number saved
0
Number lost
100%
Percentage saved
0%
Percentage lost
1.1%
Percentage saved by total on board
0%
Third Class
Third Class
Passengers
Third Class
Category
79
Number on board
3.6%
Percentage by total on board
27
Number saved
52
Number lost
34%
Percentage saved
66%
Percentage lost
1.2%
Percentage saved by total on board
2.4%
Total
Total
Passengers
Total
Category
109
Number on board
5%
Percentage by total on board
56
Number saved
53
Number lost
51%
Percentage saved
49%
Percentage lost
2.5%
Percentage saved by total on board
2.4%
Women
Women
Passengers
Women
Category
First Class
Number on board
144
Percentage by total on board
6.5%
Number saved
140
Number lost
4
Percentage saved
97%
Percentage lost
3%
Percentage saved by total on board
6.3%
Percentage lost by total on board
0.2%
Second Class
Second Class
Passengers
Second Class
Category
93
Number on board
4.2%
Percentage by total on board
80
Number saved
13
Number lost
86%
Percentage saved
14%
Percentage lost
3.6%
Percentage saved by total on board
0.6%
Third Class
Third Class
Passengers
Third Class
Category
165
Number on board
7.4%
Percentage by total on board
76
Number saved
89
Number lost
46%
Percentage saved
54%
Percentage lost
3.4%
Percentage saved by total on board
4.0%
Crew
Crew
Passengers
Crew
Category
23
Number on board
1.0%
Percentage by total on board
20
Number saved
3
Number lost
87%
Percentage saved
13%
Percentage lost
0.9%
Percentage saved by total on board
0.1%
Total
Total
Passengers
Total
Category
425
Number on board
19.1%
Percentage by total on board
316
Number saved
109
Number lost
74%
Percentage saved
26%
Percentage lost
14.2%
Percentage saved by total on board
4.9%
Men
Men
Passengers
Men
Category
First Class
Number on board
175
Percentage by total on board
7.9%
Number saved
57
Number lost
118
Percentage saved
33%
Percentage lost
67%
Percentage saved by total on board
2.6%
Percentage lost by total on board
5.3%
Second Class
Second Class
Passengers
Second Class
Category
168
Number on board
7.6%
Percentage by total on board
14
Number saved
154
Number lost
8%
Percentage saved
92%
Percentage lost
0.6%
Percentage saved by total on board
6.9%
Third Class
Third Class
Passengers
Third Class
Category
462
Number on board
20.8%
Percentage by total on board
75
Number saved
387
Number lost
16%
Percentage saved
84%
Percentage lost
3.3%
Percentage saved by total on board
17.4%
Crew
Crew
Passengers
Crew
Category
885
Number on board
39.8%
Percentage by total on board
192
Number saved
693
Number lost
22%
Percentage saved
78%
Percentage lost
8.6%
Percentage saved by total on board
31.2%
Total
Total
Passengers
Total
Category
1,690
Number on board
75.9%
Percentage by total on board
338
Number saved
1,352
Number lost
20%
Percentage saved
80%
Percentage lost
15.2%
Percentage saved by total on board
60.8%
Total
Total
Passengers
Total
Category
All
Number on board
2,224
Percentage by total on board
100%
Number saved
710
Number lost
1,514
Percentage saved
32%
Percentage lost
68%
Percentage saved by total on board
31.9%
Percentage lost by total on board
68.1%
Passengers
Category
Number on board
Percentage by total on board
Number saved
Number lost
Percentage saved
Percentage lost
Percentage saved by total on board
Percentage lost by total on board
Children
First Class
6
0.3%
5
1
83%
17%
0.2%
< 0.1%
Second Class
24
1.1%
24
0
100%
0%
1.1%
0%
Third Class
79
3.6%
27
52
34%
66%
1.2%
2.4%
Total
109
5%
56
53
51%
49%
2.5%
2.4%
Women
First Class
144
6.5%
140
4
97%
3%
6.3%
0.2%
Second Class
93
4.2%
80
13
86%
14%
3.6%
0.6%
Third Class
165
7.4%
76
89
46%
54%
3.4%
4.0%
Crew
23
1.0%
20
3
87%
13%
0.9%
0.1%
Total
425
19.1%
316
109
74%
26%
14.2%
4.9%
Men
First Class
175
7.9%
57
118
33%
67%
2.6%
5.3%
Second Class
168
7.6%
14
154
8%
92%
0.6%
6.9%
Third Class
462
20.8%
75
387
16%
84%
3.3%
17.4%
Crew
885
39.8%
192
693
22%
78%
8.6%
31.2%
Total
1,690
75.9%
338
1,352
20%
80%
15.2%
60.8%
Total
All
2,224
100%
710
1,514
32%
68%
31.9%
68.1%

References

  1. At the time of the collision, Titanic's clocks were set to 2 hours 2 minutes ahead of the Eastern Time Zone, and 2 hours
  2. The third was to be the RMS Britannic, which never saw service as a liner; instead she was requisitioned directly into s
  3. Radio telegraphy was known as "wireless" in the British English of the period.
  4. The dictionary definition of growler at Wiktionary: "A small iceberg or ice floe which is barely visible over the surfac
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  5. Despite later myth, featured for example in the 1997 film Titanic, the ship Titanic was not attempting to set a transatl
  6. An incident confirmed this philosophy while Titanic was under construction: the White Star liner Republic was involved i
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