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Sikkim

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Sikkim

Sikkim ( SIK-im; Nepali: [ˈsikːim]) is a state in northeastern India. It borders Bhutan in the east, the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Koshi Province of Nepal in the west, and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also close to the Siliguri Corridor, which borders Bangladesh. Sikkim is the least populous and second-smallest among the Indian states. Situated in the Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim is notable for its biodiversity, including alpine and subtropical climates, as well as being a host to Kangchenjunga, the highest peak in India and third-highest on Earth. Sikkim's capital and largest city is Gangtok. Almost 35% of the state is covered by Khangchendzonga National Park – a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Kingdom of Sikkim was founded by the Namgyal dynasty in the 17th century. It was ruled by Buddhist priest-kings known as the Chogyal. It became a princely state of the British Indian Empire in 1890. Following Indian independence, Sikkim continued its protectorate status with the Union of India after 1947 and the Republic of India after 1950. It enjoyed the highest literacy rate and per capita income among Himalayan states. In 1973, anti-royalist riots took place in front of the Chogyal's palace. In 1975, after the Indian Army took over the city of Gangtok, a referendum was held that led to the dissolution of the monarchy and Sikkim's joining India as its 22nd state. Modern Sikkim is a multiethnic and multilingual Indian state. The predominant religion is Hinduism, with a significant Vajrayana Buddhist minority. Sikkim's economy is largely dependent on agriculture and tourism. As of 2019, the state had the fifth-smallest GDP among Indian states, although it is also among the fastest-growing.

Infobox

Country
India
Region
Northeast India
Previously was
Kingdom of Sikkim
Admission to union
16 May 1975
Capital and largest city
Gangtok
Districts
6
• Body
Government of Sikkim
• Governor
Om Prakash Mathur
• Chief Minister
Prem Singh Tamang (SKM)
State Legislature
Unicameral
• Assembly
Sikkim Legislative Assembly (32 seats)
National Parliament
Parliament of India
• Rajya Sabha
1 seat
• Lok Sabha
1 seat
High Court
Sikkim High Court
• Total
610,577
• Rank
29th
• Length
116 km (72 mi)
• Width
65 km (40 mi)
Highest elevation (Kangchenjunga)
8,586 m (28,169 ft)
Lowest elevation (Teesta River)
280 m (920 ft)
• Density
86/km2 (220/sq mi)
• Urban
25.15%
• Rural
74.85%
• Official
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• Additional official
English
• Total (2025–26)
US$6.7 billion
• Per capita
₹707,181 (US$8,400) (1st)
Time zone
UTC 05:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code
IN-SK
Vehicle registration
SK
HDI (2022)
0.712 } }high (9th)
Literacy (2024)
84.7% (19th)
Sex ratio (2011)
890♀/1000 ♂ (10th)
Website
www.sikkim.gov.in
Foundation day
Sikkim Day
Bird
Blood pheasant
Fish
Copper Mahseer
Flower
Noble dendrobium
Mammal
Red panda
Tree
Rhododendron

Tables

· Transport › Roads
NH 10
NH 10
Number
NH 10
Length (km)
52
Length (mi)
32
Southern or western terminus
Gangtok – Singtam – Rangpo – West Bengal Border.
Northern or eastern terminus
Formed
NH 310
NH 310
Number
NH 310
Length (km)
87
Length (mi)
54
Southern or western terminus
Ranipool (NH-31A) – Burtuk – Menla – Nathula
Northern or eastern terminus
Formed
NH 310A
NH 310A
Number
NH 310A
Length (km)
55
Length (mi)
34
Southern or western terminus
Tashi view point – Phodong – Mangan
Northern or eastern terminus
Formed
NH 510
NH 510
Number
NH 510
Length (km)
70
Length (mi)
43
Southern or western terminus
Singtam – Damthang- Legship – Gyalshing
Northern or eastern terminus
Formed
NH 710
NH 710
Number
NH 710
Length (km)
45
Length (mi)
28
Southern or western terminus
Melli- Manpur- Namchi- Damthang- Tarku
Northern or eastern terminus
Formed
NH 717A
NH 717A
Number
NH 717A
Length (km)
112
Length (mi)
70
Southern or western terminus
West Bengal Border-Reshi- Rhenock, Rorathang Pakyong a-junction with new NH No. 10 at Ranipool near Gangtok
Northern or eastern terminus
Formed
NH 717B
NH 717B
Number
NH 717B
Length (km)
42
Length (mi)
26
Southern or western terminus
Junction with NH No. 717A at Rhenock – Rongli, Rolep -junction with NH No. 310 near Menla at Serethang
Northern or eastern terminus
Formed
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-
Number
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-
Number
Length (km)
Length (mi)
Southern or western terminus
Northern or eastern terminus
Formed
Removed
Notes
NH 10
52
32
Gangtok – Singtam – Rangpo – West Bengal Border.
NH 310
87
54
Ranipool (NH-31A) – Burtuk – Menla – Nathula
NH 310A
55
34
Tashi view point – Phodong – Mangan
NH 510
70
43
Singtam – Damthang- Legship – Gyalshing
NH 710
45
28
Melli- Manpur- Namchi- Damthang- Tarku
NH 717A
112
70
West Bengal Border-Reshi- Rhenock, Rorathang Pakyong a-junction with new NH No. 10 at Ranipool near Gangtok
NH 717B
42
26
Junction with NH No. 717A at Rhenock – Rongli, Rolep -junction with NH No. 310 near Menla at Serethang
mw- .mw-
· Demographics › Religion
Hinduism
Hinduism
Religiousgroup
Hinduism
Population % 1991
68.36%
Population % 2001
60.93%
Population % 2011
57.76%
Buddhism
Buddhism
Religiousgroup
Buddhism
Population % 1991
27.15%
Population % 2001
28.11%
Population % 2011
27.39%
Christianity
Christianity
Religiousgroup
Christianity
Population % 1991
3.29%
Population % 2001
6.67%
Population % 2011
9.91%
Islam
Islam
Religiousgroup
Islam
Population % 1991
0.94%
Population % 2001
1.42%
Population % 2011
1.62%
Sikhism
Sikhism
Religiousgroup
Sikhism
Population % 1991
0.09%
Population % 2001
0.21%
Population % 2011
0.31%
Jainism
Jainism
Religiousgroup
Jainism
Population % 1991
0.001%
Population % 2001
0.03%
Population % 2011
0.05%
Other religions
Other religions
Religiousgroup
Other religions
Population % 1991
0.04%
Population % 2001
2.38%
Population % 2011
2.67%
No religion
No religion
Religiousgroup
No religion
Population % 1991
Population % 2001
Population % 2011
0.3%
Religiousgroup
Population % 1991
Population % 2001
Population % 2011
Hinduism
68.36%
60.93%
57.76%
Buddhism
27.15%
28.11%
27.39%
Christianity
3.29%
6.67%
9.91%
Islam
0.94%
1.42%
1.62%
Sikhism
0.09%
0.21%
0.31%
Jainism
0.001%
0.03%
0.05%
Other religions
0.04%
2.38%
2.67%
No religion
0.3%
· Districts
GD
GD
Code
GD
District
Gangtok district
Headquarters
Gangtok
Population (2011)
281,293
Area (km²)
954
Density (per km²)
257
MD
MD
Code
MD
District
Mangan district
Headquarters
Mangan
Population (2011)
43,354
Area (km²)
4,226
Density (per km²)
10
ND
ND
Code
ND
District
Namchi district
Headquarters
Namchi
Population (2011)
146,742
Area (km²)
750
Density (per km²)
175
GD
GD
Code
GD
District
Gyalshing district
Headquarters
Geyzing
Population (2011)
136,299
Area (km²)
1,166
Density (per km²)
106
PD
PD
Code
PD
District
Pakyong District
Headquarters
Pakyong
Population (2011)
74,583
Area (km²)
404
Density (per km²)
180
SD
SD
Code
SD
District
Soreng District
Headquarters
Soreng
Population (2011)
n/a
Area (km²)
n/a
Density (per km²)
n/a
Code
District
Headquarters
Population (2011)
Area (km²)
Density (per km²)
GD
Gangtok district
Gangtok
281,293
954
257
MD
Mangan district
Mangan
43,354
4,226
10
ND
Namchi district
Namchi
146,742
750
175
GD
Gyalshing district
Geyzing
136,299
1,166
106
PD
Pakyong District
Pakyong
74,583
404
180
SD
Soreng District
Soreng
n/a
n/a
n/a

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