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Shah Jahan

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Shah Jahan

Shah Jahan I (Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram; 5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), also called Shah Jahan the Magnificent, was the fifth Mughal Emperor from 1628 until his deposition in 1658. His reign marked the zenith of Mughal architectural and cultural achievements. The third son of Jahangir (r. 1605–1627), Shah Jahan participated in the military campaigns against the Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar and the rebel Lodi nobles of the Deccan. After Jahangir's death in October 1627, Shah Jahan defeated his youngest brother Shahryar Mirza and crowned himself emperor in the Agra Fort. In addition to Shahryar, Shah Jahan executed most of his rival claimants to the throne. He commissioned many monuments, including the Red Fort, Shah Jahan Mosque and the famous Taj Mahal, where his favorite consort Mumtaz Mahal is entombed. In foreign affairs, Shah Jahan presided over the aggressive campaigns against the Deccan sultanates, the conflicts with the Portuguese, and the wars with the Safavids. He also suppressed several local rebellions and dealt with the devastating Deccan famine of 1630–32. In September 1657, the ailing Shah Jahan appointed his eldest son Dara Shikoh as his successor. This led to the Mughal war of succession (1658–1659) between his three sons, with Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707) emerging victorious and becoming the sixth emperor, and executing all of his surviving brothers, including the Crown Prince Dara Shikoh. After Shah Jahan recovered from his illness in July 1658, Aurangzeb had him imprisoned inside the Agra Fort from July 1658 until his death in January 1666. He was laid to rest next to his wife in the Taj Mahal. His reign is known for abandoning the liberal policies initiated by his grandfather Akbar. During Shah Jahan's time, Islamic revivalist movements like the Naqshbandi began to shape Mughal policies.

Infobox

Reign
19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658
Coronation
14 February 1628Agra Fort
Predecessor
JahangirShahriyar (de facto)
Successor
Alamgir I
Grand Viziers
See list Wazir Khan (1627–1628) Mir Baqir Iradat Khan (1628) Afzal Khan Shirazi (1628–1639) Islam Khan Mashadi (1639–1645) Sa'adullah Khan (1645–1656) Mir Jumla (1656–1657) Jafar Khan (1657–1658)
Born
Khurram(1592-01-05)5 January 1592Lahore, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire
Died
22 January 1666(1666-01-22) (aged 74)Muthamman Burj, Red Fort, Agra, Agra Subah, Mughal Empire
Burial
Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Wives
mw- Kandahari (m. 1610) Mumtaz Mahal (m. 1612; died 1631) Akbarabadi Mahal (m. 1617)Kunwari Leelavati Deiji
Issueamong others...
Parhiz BanuHur al-NisaJahanaraDara ShukuhShah ShujaRushanaraAlamgir IMurad BakhshJahan AfruzGuharara
Names
NamesMirza Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram Shah JahanRegnal nameShah JahanPosthumous nameFirduas Ashiyani (lit. 'One who nest in Paradise')
House
House of Babur
Dynasty
Mughal dynasty
Father
Jahangir
Mother
Manavati Bai
Religion
Sunni Islam (Hanafi)

Tables

· Issue
By Kandahari Begum (c. 1593 – unknown)
By Kandahari Begum (c. 1593 – unknown)
Name
By Kandahari Begum (c. 1593 – unknown)
Parhez Banu Begum
Parhez Banu Begum
Name
Parhez Banu Begum
Birth
21 August 1611
Death
1675
Notes
Shah Jahan's first child and only child of Kandahari Begum. She died unmarried.
By Mumtaz Mahal (27 April 1593 – 17 June 1631)
By Mumtaz Mahal (27 April 1593 – 17 June 1631)
Name
By Mumtaz Mahal (27 April 1593 – 17 June 1631)
Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
Name
Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
Birth
30 March 1613
Death
5 June 1616
Notes
First of fourteen children with Mumtaz Mahal. Died of smallpox at age 3.
Jahanara Begum
Jahanara Begum
Name
Jahanara Begum
Birth
23 March 1614
Death
16 September 1681
Notes
Shah Jahan's favourite and most influential daughter; became First Lady (Padshah Begum) after Mumtaz Mahal's death; died unmarried.
Dara Shikoh
Dara Shikoh
Name
Dara Shikoh
Birth
20 March 1615
Death
30 August 1659
Notes
Eldest son and heir-apparent; killed by younger brother Aurangzeb after war of succession; married and had issue.
Shah Shuja
Shah Shuja
Name
Shah Shuja
Birth
23 June 1616
Death
7 February 1661
Notes
Survived the war of succession; married and had issue.
Roshanara Begum
Roshanara Begum
Name
Roshanara Begum
Birth
3 September 1617
Death
11 September 1671
Notes
Influential daughter after Jahanara; sided with Aurangzeb in the succession war; died unmarried.
Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Name
Aurangzeb
Birth
3 November 1618
Death
3 March 1707
Notes
Succeeded his father as sixth Mughal emperor after winning the succession war.
Izad Bakhsh
Izad Bakhsh
Name
Izad Bakhsh
Birth
18 December 1619
Death
February/March 1621
Notes
Died in infancy.
Surayya Banu Begum
Surayya Banu Begum
Name
Surayya Banu Begum
Birth
10 June 1621
Death
28 April 1628
Notes
Died of smallpox at age 7.
Unnamed son
Unnamed son
Name
Unnamed son
Birth
1622
Death
1622
Notes
Died soon after birth.
Murad Bakhsh
Murad Bakhsh
Name
Murad Bakhsh
Birth
8 October 1624
Death
14 December 1661
Notes
Killed in 1661 by Aurangzeb; married and had issue.
Lutf Allah
Lutf Allah
Name
Lutf Allah
Birth
4 November 1626
Death
13 May 1628
Notes
Died at age 1½.
Daulat Afza
Daulat Afza
Name
Daulat Afza
Birth
8 May 1628
Death
13 May 1629
Notes
Died in infancy.
Husnara Begum
Husnara Begum
Name
Husnara Begum
Birth
23 April 1629
Death
1630
Notes
Died in infancy.
Gauhara Begum
Gauhara Begum
Name
Gauhara Begum
Birth
17 June 1631
Death
1706
Notes
Mumtaz Mahal died during childbirth; Gauhara died unmarried.
By Izz-un-Nissa (unknown – 28 January 1678)
By Izz-un-Nissa (unknown – 28 January 1678)
Name
By Izz-un-Nissa (unknown – 28 January 1678)
Jahan Afroz
Jahan Afroz
Name
Jahan Afroz
Birth
25 June 1619
Death
March 1621
Notes
Only child of Izz-un-Nissa; died aged 1 year 9 months.
Name
Birth
Death
Notes
By Kandahari Begum (c. 1593 – unknown)
Parhez Banu Begum
21 August 1611
1675
Shah Jahan's first child and only child of Kandahari Begum. She died unmarried.
By Mumtaz Mahal (27 April 1593 – 17 June 1631)
Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
30 March 1613
5 June 1616
First of fourteen children with Mumtaz Mahal. Died of smallpox at age 3.
Jahanara Begum
23 March 1614
16 September 1681
Shah Jahan's favourite and most influential daughter; became First Lady (Padshah Begum) after Mumtaz Mahal's death; died unmarried.
Dara Shikoh
20 March 1615
30 August 1659
Eldest son and heir-apparent; killed by younger brother Aurangzeb after war of succession; married and had issue.
Shah Shuja
23 June 1616
7 February 1661
Survived the war of succession; married and had issue.
Roshanara Begum
3 September 1617
11 September 1671
Influential daughter after Jahanara; sided with Aurangzeb in the succession war; died unmarried.
Aurangzeb
3 November 1618
3 March 1707
Succeeded his father as sixth Mughal emperor after winning the succession war.
Izad Bakhsh
18 December 1619
February/March 1621
Died in infancy.
Surayya Banu Begum
10 June 1621
28 April 1628
Died of smallpox at age 7.
Unnamed son
1622
1622
Died soon after birth.
Murad Bakhsh
8 October 1624
14 December 1661
Killed in 1661 by Aurangzeb; married and had issue.
Lutf Allah
4 November 1626
13 May 1628
Died at age 1½.
Daulat Afza
8 May 1628
13 May 1629
Died in infancy.
Husnara Begum
23 April 1629
1630
Died in infancy.
Gauhara Begum
17 June 1631
1706
Mumtaz Mahal died during childbirth; Gauhara died unmarried.
By Izz-un-Nissa (unknown – 28 January 1678)
Jahan Afroz
25 June 1619
March 1621
Only child of Izz-un-Nissa; died aged 1 year 9 months.
· External links
Regnal titles
Regnal titles
Shah Jahan Timurid dynastyBorn: 5 January 1592 Died: 22 January 1666
Regnal titles
Preceded byJahangir
Preceded byJahangir
Shah Jahan Timurid dynastyBorn: 5 January 1592 Died: 22 January 1666
Preceded byJahangir
Shah Jahan Timurid dynastyBorn: 5 January 1592 Died: 22 January 1666
Mughal Emperor 1627–1658
Shah Jahan Timurid dynastyBorn: 5 January 1592 Died: 22 January 1666
Succeeded byAurangzeb
Shah Jahan Timurid dynastyBorn: 5 January 1592 Died: 22 January 1666
Regnal titles
Preceded byJahangir
Mughal Emperor 1627–1658
Succeeded byAurangzeb

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