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Septimius Severus

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Septimius Severus

Lucius Septimius Severus (; Latin: [ˈɫuːkiʊs sɛpˈtɪmiʊs sɛˈweːrʊs]; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna, Libya in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the customary succession of offices under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus was the final contender to seize power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors. After deposing and killing the incumbent emperor Didius Julianus, Severus fought his rival claimants, the Roman generals Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. Niger was defeated in 194 at the Battle of Issus in Cilicia. Later that year Severus waged a short punitive campaign beyond the eastern frontier, annexing the Kingdom of Osroene as a new province. Severus defeated Albinus three years later at the Battle of Lugdunum in Gaul. Following the consolidation of his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged another brief, more successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 197 and expanding the eastern frontier to the Tigris. He then enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, capturing their capital Garama, and expanding the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. With his second wife, Julia Domna, Severus had two sons; the elder, Caracalla, was proclaimed Augustus, or co-emperor, in 198, and the younger, Geta, in 209. Severus travelled to Britain in 208, strengthening Hadrian's Wall and reoccupying the Antonine Wall. In 209, he invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men but his ambitions were cut short when he died of an infectious disease in early 211 at Eboracum (modern York). His sons, advised by Julia Domna, succeeded him, thus founding the Severan dynasty. It was the last dynasty of the Roman Empire before the Crisis of the Third Century.

Infobox

Reign
9 April 193 – 4 February 211
Predecessor
Didius Julianus
Successors
Caracalla and Geta
Co-emperors
mw- Caracalla (198–211)Geta (209–211)
Born
Lucius Septimius Severus11 April 145Leptis Magna, Libya
Died
4 February 211 (aged 65)Eboracum, Britain
Spouses
Paccia Marciana (m. c. 175; died c. 186)Julia Domna (m. 187)
Issue
CaracallaGeta
Regnal name
Regnal nameImperator Caesar Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus
Dynasty
Severan
Father
Publius Septimius Geta
Mother
Fulvia Pia

Tables

· External links
Regnal titles
Regnal titles
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Regnal titles
Preceded byDidius Julianus
Preceded byDidius Julianus
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Preceded byDidius Julianus
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Roman Emperor 193–211with Pescennius Niger (rival 193–194),Clodius Albinus (rival 193–197),Caracalla (198–211),Publius Septimius Geta (209–211)
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Succeeded byCaracalla, Publius Septimius Geta
Political offices
Political offices
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Political offices
Preceded byLucius Fabius Cilo, andMarcus Silius Messala
Preceded byLucius Fabius Cilo, andMarcus Silius Messala
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Preceded byLucius Fabius Cilo, andMarcus Silius Messala
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Consul of the Roman Empire 194with Clodius Albinus
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Succeeded byPublius Julius Scapula Tertullus Priscus,and Quintus Tineius Clemens
Preceded byAnnius Fabianus,and Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus
Preceded byAnnius Fabianus,and Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Preceded byAnnius Fabianus,and Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Consul of the Roman Empire 202with Caracalla
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Succeeded byTitus Murrenius Severus,and Gaius Cassius Regallianusas Suffect consuls
Septimius Severus Severan dynastyBorn: 11 April 146 Died: 4 February 211
Regnal titles
Preceded byDidius Julianus
Roman Emperor 193–211with Pescennius Niger (rival 193–194),Clodius Albinus (rival 193–197),Caracalla (198–211),Publius Septimius Geta (209–211)
Succeeded byCaracalla, Publius Septimius Geta
Political offices
Preceded byLucius Fabius Cilo, andMarcus Silius Messala
Consul of the Roman Empire 194with Clodius Albinus
Succeeded byPublius Julius Scapula Tertullus Priscus,and Quintus Tineius Clemens
Preceded byAnnius Fabianus,and Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus
Consul of the Roman Empire 202with Caracalla
Succeeded byTitus Murrenius Severus,and Gaius Cassius Regallianusas Suffect consuls

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