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Sede vacante

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Sede vacante

In the Catholic Church, sede vacante refers to the state during which a diocese or archdiocese is without a prelate installed in office (vacant), with the prelate's office being the cathedral. The term is used frequently in reference to a papal interregnum occurring upon the pope's death or resignation.

Tables

· Vacancy of the Holy See › Extended <span><i>sede vacante</i></span> periods
Celestine IV
Celestine IV
Preceding Pope
Celestine IV
Subsequent Pope
Innocent IV
Beginning
10 November 1241
Ending
25 June 1243
Duration
1 year 7 months
Clement IV
Clement IV
Preceding Pope
Clement IV
Subsequent Pope
Gregory X
Beginning
29 November 1268
Ending
1 September 1271
Duration
2 years 10 months
Nicholas IV
Nicholas IV
Preceding Pope
Nicholas IV
Subsequent Pope
Celestine V
Beginning
4 April 1292
Ending
5 July 1294
Duration
2 years 3 months
Clement V
Clement V
Preceding Pope
Clement V
Subsequent Pope
John XXII
Beginning
20 April 1314
Ending
2 August 1316
Duration
2 years 3 months
Gregory XII
Gregory XII
Preceding Pope
Gregory XII
Subsequent Pope
Martin V
Beginning
4 July 1415
Ending
11 November 1417
Duration
2 years 5 months
Preceding Pope
Subsequent Pope
Beginning
Ending
Duration
Celestine IV
Innocent IV
10 November 1241
25 June 1243
1 year 7 months
Clement IV
Gregory X
29 November 1268
1 September 1271
2 years 10 months
Nicholas IV
Celestine V
4 April 1292
5 July 1294
2 years 3 months
Clement V
John XXII
20 April 1314
2 August 1316
2 years 3 months
Gregory XII
Martin V
4 July 1415
11 November 1417
2 years 5 months
· Vacancy of the Holy See › <span><i>Sede vacante</i></span> periods since 1799
Pius VI
Pius VI
Preceding Pope
Pius VI
Subsequent Pope
Pius VII
Beginning
29 August 1799
Ending
14 March 1800
Duration
197 days
Pius VII
Pius VII
Preceding Pope
Pius VII
Subsequent Pope
Leo XII
Beginning
20 August 1823
Ending
28 September 1823
Duration
39 days
Leo XII
Leo XII
Preceding Pope
Leo XII
Subsequent Pope
Pius VIII
Beginning
10 February 1829
Ending
31 March 1829
Duration
49 days
Pius VIII
Pius VIII
Preceding Pope
Pius VIII
Subsequent Pope
Gregory XVI
Beginning
30 November 1830
Ending
2 February 1831
Duration
63 days
Gregory XVI
Gregory XVI
Preceding Pope
Gregory XVI
Subsequent Pope
Pius IX
Beginning
1 June 1846
Ending
16 June 1846
Duration
15 days
Pius IX
Pius IX
Preceding Pope
Pius IX
Subsequent Pope
Leo XIII
Beginning
7 February 1878
Ending
20 February 1878
Duration
13 days
Leo XIII
Leo XIII
Preceding Pope
Leo XIII
Subsequent Pope
Pius X
Beginning
20 July 1903
Ending
4 August 1903
Duration
15 days
Pius X
Pius X
Preceding Pope
Pius X
Subsequent Pope
Benedict XV
Beginning
20 August 1914
Ending
3 September 1914
Duration
14 days
Benedict XV
Benedict XV
Preceding Pope
Benedict XV
Subsequent Pope
Pius XI
Beginning
22 January 1922
Ending
6 February 1922
Duration
15 days
Pius XI
Pius XI
Preceding Pope
Pius XI
Subsequent Pope
Pius XII
Beginning
10 February 1939
Ending
2 March 1939
Duration
20 days
Pius XII
Pius XII
Preceding Pope
Pius XII
Subsequent Pope
John XXIII
Beginning
9 October 1958
Ending
28 October 1958
Duration
19 days
John XXIII
John XXIII
Preceding Pope
John XXIII
Subsequent Pope
Paul VI
Beginning
3 June 1963
Ending
21 June 1963
Duration
18 days
Paul VI
Paul VI
Preceding Pope
Paul VI
Subsequent Pope
John Paul I
Beginning
6 August 1978
Ending
26 August 1978
Duration
20 days
John Paul I
John Paul I
Preceding Pope
John Paul I
Subsequent Pope
John Paul II
Beginning
28 September 1978
Ending
16 October 1978
Duration
18 days
John Paul II
John Paul II
Preceding Pope
John Paul II
Subsequent Pope
Benedict XVI
Beginning
2 April 2005
Ending
19 April 2005
Duration
17 days
Benedict XVI
Benedict XVI
Preceding Pope
Benedict XVI
Subsequent Pope
Francis
Beginning
28 February 2013
Ending
13 March 2013
Duration
13 days
Francis
Francis
Preceding Pope
Francis
Subsequent Pope
Leo XIV
Beginning
21 April 2025
Ending
8 May 2025
Duration
17 days
Preceding Pope
Subsequent Pope
Beginning
Ending
Duration
Pius VI
Pius VII
29 August 1799
14 March 1800
197 days
Pius VII
Leo XII
20 August 1823
28 September 1823
39 days
Leo XII
Pius VIII
10 February 1829
31 March 1829
49 days
Pius VIII
Gregory XVI
30 November 1830
2 February 1831
63 days
Gregory XVI
Pius IX
1 June 1846
16 June 1846
15 days
Pius IX
Leo XIII
7 February 1878
20 February 1878
13 days
Leo XIII
Pius X
20 July 1903
4 August 1903
15 days
Pius X
Benedict XV
20 August 1914
3 September 1914
14 days
Benedict XV
Pius XI
22 January 1922
6 February 1922
15 days
Pius XI
Pius XII
10 February 1939
2 March 1939
20 days
Pius XII
John XXIII
9 October 1958
28 October 1958
19 days
John XXIII
Paul VI
3 June 1963
21 June 1963
18 days
Paul VI
John Paul I
6 August 1978
26 August 1978
20 days
John Paul I
John Paul II
28 September 1978
16 October 1978
18 days
John Paul II
Benedict XVI
2 April 2005
19 April 2005
17 days
Benedict XVI
Francis
28 February 2013
13 March 2013
13 days
Francis
Leo XIV
21 April 2025
8 May 2025
17 days

References

  1. mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- Latin pronunciation: [ˈseːde vaˈkante], lit. 'with the chair [be
  2. An ablative absolute construction; the phrase in the nominative case is sedes vacans. The term in Ancient Greek: εν χηρε
  3. Some are also used as a place of residence if the prelate lives within the cathedral compound.
  4. "Κρήτη: Εν χηρεία η θέση του Αρχιεπισκόπου - Ξεκινά η διαδικασία διαδοχής"
    https://www.parapolitika.gr/ellada/article/1154690/kriti-en-hireia-i-thesi-tou-arhiepiskopou-xekina-i-diadikasia-diadohis/
  5. dw.com
    https://www.dw.com/en/what-happens-after-a-pope-dies/a-72309471#:~:text=The%20time%20of%20the%20%22empty,to%2C%20consists%20of%20three%20stages.&text=This%20period%20of%20transition%20between,new%20head%20of%20the%20church.
  6. The Republic of St. Peter : the birth of the Papal State, 680-825
    https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10100806
  7. britannica.com
    https://www.britannica.com/topic/cardinal-camerlengo
  8. The Pope's Household And Court In The Early Modern Age
    https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004206236/Bej.9789004206229.i-444_012.xml
  9. about.brepolis.ne
    https://about.brepolis.net/2025/05/07/sede-vacante-conclave-2025/
  10. reuters.com
    https://www.reuters.com/world/steps-choose-successor-pope-francis-2025-04-21/
  11. c-mw.net
    https://www.c-mw.net/a-timeline-in-events-from-the-death-of-pope-francis-to-the-election-of-pope
  12. ewtnvatican.com
    https://www.ewtnvatican.com/articles/explainer-sede-vacante-and-interregnum-what-do-they-mean-5059
  13. Normas nonnullas
    https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20130222_normas-nonnullas_en.html
  14. As is usual in English, in canon law also (Code of Canon Law, canon 203), the initial day is not counted in calculating
    https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__PS.HTM
  15. See Codex Iuris Canonici Canon 502 § 3 (noting that an episcopal conference can transfer the functions of the consultors
  16. "Code of Canon Law, canon 421 §1"
    http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1G.HTM
  17. Code of Canon Law, canon 425 §1. The word used (sacerdos) applies also to a bishop, not just a priest.
    http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1G.HTM
  18. "Code of Canon Law, canons 421 §2 and 425 §3"
    http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1G.HTM
  19. "Code of Canon Law, canons 426-427"
    http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1G.HTM
  20. Codex Iuris Canonici Canon 481 § 1.
  21. Codex Iuris Canonici Canon 409 § 2.
  22. Eugene V. Gallagher, W. Michael Ashcraft (editors), Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America (Greenwood
    https://books.google.com/books?id=oZiScvbS6-cC&pg=PA16
  23. William J. Collinge, Historical Dictionary of Catholicism (Scarecrow Press 2012 ISBN 978-0-81085755-1), p. 434
    https://books.google.com/books?id=LR0Nyt3bi_MC&pg=PA434
  24. Mary Jo Weaver, R. Scott Appleby (editors), Being Right: Conservative Catholics in America (Indiana University Press 199
    https://books.google.com/books?id=yUqp1_31B-MC&pg=PA257
  25. Canon C.19, Church of England, https://www.churchofengland.org/about/governance/legal-resources/canons-church-england/se
    https://www.churchofengland.org/about/governance/legal-resources/canons-church-england/section-c
  26. "Archived copy"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230811003947/https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2017-12/sede-vacante-patronage.pdf
  27. Sede vacante Wills: A Calendar of Wills Proved Before the Commissary of the Prior and Chapter of Christ Church, Canterbu
  28. The Melbourne Anglican
    https://tma.melbourneanglican.org.au/2024/10/2024-presidential-address-to-the-melbourne-synod/
  29. www.churchesaustralia.org
    https://www.churchesaustralia.org/list-of-churches/locations/queensland/c-e-towns/directory/2502-the-church-of-the-annunciation-anglican-church
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