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Scipio Africanus

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Scipio Africanus

Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (, , Latin: [ˈskiːpioː]; 236/235–c. 183 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who was one of the main architects of Rome's victory against Carthage in the Second Punic War. Often regarded as one of the greatest military commanders and strategists of all time, his greatest military achievement was the defeat of Hannibal at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC. This victory in Africa earned him the honorific epithet Africanus, literally meaning 'the African', but meant to be understood as a conqueror of Africa. Scipio's conquest of Carthaginian Iberia culminated in the Battle of Ilipa in 206 BC against Hannibal's brother Mago Barca. Although considered a hero by the Roman people, primarily for his victories against Carthage, Scipio had many opponents, especially Cato the Elder, who hated him deeply. In 187 BC, he was tried in a show trial alongside his brother for bribes they supposedly received from the Seleucid king Antiochus III during the Roman–Seleucid War. Disillusioned by the ingratitude of his peers, Scipio left Rome and retired from public life at his villa in Liternum.

Infobox

Born
236 or 235 BCRome
Died
c. 183 BCLiternum
Known for
Defeating Hannibal
Office
mw- Proconsul (Spain, 216–210 BC) Consul (205 BC) Proconsul (Africa, 204–201 BC) Censor (199 BC) Consul (194 BC) Legate (Asia, 190 BC)
Spouse
Aemilia Tertia
Children
4, including Cornelia
Father
Publius Scipio
Relatives
Scipio Asiaticus (brother)Scipio Aemilianus (adoptive grandson)Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus (grandsons)Cornelia (mother of the Gracchi) (daughter)
Allegiance
Rome
Branch/service
Roman army
Battles/wars
mw- li Second Punic War Battle of Ticinus Battle of Victumulae Battle of Cannae Battle of New Carthage Battle of Baecula Battle of Ilipa Siege of Utica Battle of Utica Battle of the Great Plains Battle of Zama Roman–Seleucid War Battle of Magnesia

Tables

· Offices
216
216
Year (BC)
216
Office
Military tribune
Colleague
Appius Claudius Pulcher Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Quintus Fabius Maximus Gnaeus Octavius Lucius Publicius Bibulus Publius Sempronius Tuditanus
213
213
Year (BC)
213
Office
Curule aedile
Colleague
Marcus Cornelius Cethegus
216–210
216–210
Year (BC)
216–210
Office
Proconsul
Comment
Spain
205
205
Year (BC)
205
Office
Consul
Colleague
Publius Licinius Crassus Dives
Comment
Assigned Sicily extra sortem, then further assigned Africa
204–201
204–201
Year (BC)
204–201
Office
Proconsul
Comment
Continuously prorogued in Africa; victor of Zama in 202
199
199
Year (BC)
199
Office
Censor
Colleague
Publius Aelius Paetus
199–189
199–189
Year (BC)
199–189
Office
Princeps senatus
Comment
Chosen princeps senatus in his own censorship
194
194
Year (BC)
194
Office
Consul
Colleague
Tiberius Sempronius Longus
Comment
Fought the Boii and Ligurians
193
193
Year (BC)
193
Office
Legate (ambassador)
Comment
Sent to Africa to settle boundary dispute and thence possibly to Asia
190
190
Year (BC)
190
Office
Legate (lieutenant)
Comment
Served under his brother, Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
184?
184?
Year (BC)
184?
Office
Legate?
Comment
Possibly legate in Etruria
Year (BC)
Office
Colleague
Comment
216
Military tribune
Appius Claudius Pulcher Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Quintus Fabius Maximus Gnaeus Octavius Lucius Publicius Bibulus Publius Sempronius Tuditanus
213
Curule aedile
Marcus Cornelius Cethegus
216–210
Proconsul
Spain
205
Consul
Publius Licinius Crassus Dives
Assigned Sicily extra sortem, then further assigned Africa
204–201
Proconsul
Continuously prorogued in Africa; victor of Zama in 202
199
Censor
Publius Aelius Paetus
199–189
Princeps senatus
Chosen princeps senatus in his own censorship
194
Consul
Tiberius Sempronius Longus
Fought the Boii and Ligurians
193
Legate (ambassador)
Sent to Africa to settle boundary dispute and thence possibly to Asia
190
Legate (lieutenant)
Served under his brother, Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
184?
Legate?
Possibly legate in Etruria
· External links
Preceded byL. Veturius PhiloQ. Caecilius Metellus
Preceded byL. Veturius PhiloQ. Caecilius Metellus
Political offices
Preceded byL. Veturius PhiloQ. Caecilius Metellus
Political offices
Roman consul 205 BC With: P. Licinius Crassus Dives
Political offices
Succeeded byM. Cornelius CethegusP. Sempronius Tuditanus
Preceded byL. Valerius FlaccusCato the Censor
Preceded byL. Valerius FlaccusCato the Censor
Political offices
Preceded byL. Valerius FlaccusCato the Censor
Political offices
Roman consul II 194 BC With: Ti. Sempronius Longus
Political offices
Succeeded byL. Cornelius MerulaQ. Minucius Thermus
Preceded byG. Claudius NeroM. Livius Salinator
Preceded byG. Claudius NeroM. Livius Salinator
Political offices
Preceded byG. Claudius NeroM. Livius Salinator
Political offices
Roman censor 199 BC With: P. Aelius Paetus
Political offices
Succeeded byG. Cornelius CethegusSex. Aelius Paetus Catus
Political offices
Preceded byL. Veturius PhiloQ. Caecilius Metellus
Roman consul 205 BC With: P. Licinius Crassus Dives
Succeeded byM. Cornelius CethegusP. Sempronius Tuditanus
Preceded byL. Valerius FlaccusCato the Censor
Roman consul II 194 BC With: Ti. Sempronius Longus
Succeeded byL. Cornelius MerulaQ. Minucius Thermus
Preceded byG. Claudius NeroM. Livius Salinator
Roman censor 199 BC With: P. Aelius Paetus
Succeeded byG. Cornelius CethegusSex. Aelius Paetus Catus

References

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