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Satyr

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Satyr

In Greek mythology, a satyr (Ancient Greek: σάτυρος, romanized: sátyros, pronounced [sátyros]), also known as a silenus or silenos (Ancient Greek: σειληνός, romanized: seilēnós [seːlɛːnós]), and sileni (plural), is a male nature spirit with ears and a tail resembling those of a horse, as well as a permanent, exaggerated erection. Early artistic representations sometimes include horse-like legs, but, by the sixth century BC, they were more often represented with human legs. Comically hideous, they have mane-like hair, bestial faces, and snub noses and they always are shown naked. Satyrs were characterized by their ribaldry and were known as lovers of wine, music, dancing, and women. They were companions of the god Dionysus and were believed to inhabit remote locales, such as woodlands, mountains, and pastures. They often attempted to seduce or rape nymphs and mortal women alike, usually with little success. They are sometimes shown masturbating or engaging in bestiality. In classical Athens, satyrs made up the chorus in a genre of play known as a "satyr play", which was a parody of tragedy and known for its bawdy and obscene humor. The only complete surviving play of this genre is Cyclops by Euripides, although a significant portion of Sophocles's Ichneutae has also survived. In mythology, the satyr Marsyas is said to have challenged the god Apollo to a musical contest and been flayed alive for his hubris. Although superficially ridiculous, satyrs were also thought to possess useful knowledge, if they could be coaxed into revealing it. The satyr Silenus was the tutor of the young Dionysus, and a story from Ionia told of a silenos who gave sound advice when captured. Over the course of Greek history, satyrs gradually became portrayed as more human and less bestial. They also began to acquire goat-like characteristics in some depictions as a result of conflation with the Pans, plural forms of the god Pan with the legs and horns of goats. The Romans identified satyrs with their native nature spirits, fauns. Eventually the distinction between the two was lost entirely. Since the Renaissance, satyrs have been most often represented with the legs and horns of goats. Representations of satyrs cavorting with nymphs have been common in western art, with many famous artists creating works on the theme. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, satyrs have generally lost much of their characteristic obscenity, becoming more tame and domestic figures. They commonly appear in works of fantasy and children's literature, in which they are most often referred to as "fauns".

Infobox

Other name
FaunSilenosselenussileni (plural)
Grouping
Legendary creature
Sub grouping
Mythological hybridNature spirit
Country
Greece

Tables

· In archaic and classical Greece › List of Satyrs
Ampelus
Ampelus
Name
Ampelus
Text
Nonnus' Dionysiaca, Ovid
Notes
young lover of Dionysus/Bacchus, contested in footrunning and swimming, killed by Selene for challenging her, Dionysus turned him into a star or the grape vine.
Astraeus
Astraeus
Name
Astraeus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
son of Silenus and brother of Leneus and Maron; chief of the satyrs who came to join Dionysus in the Indian War
Babys
Babys
Name
Babys
Text
Plutarch, Moralia
Notes
brother of Marsyas, he challenged Apollo to a music contest and lost.
Cissus
Cissus
Name
Cissus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
turned into an ivy plant; contested in footrunning with Ampelus
Gemon
Gemon
Name
Gemon
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Hypsicerus
Hypsicerus
Name
Hypsicerus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India; character is likely a fabrication of Nonnus' (name translates to "tall-horn")
Iobacchus
Iobacchus
Name
Iobacchus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Lamis
Lamis
Name
Lamis
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Leneus
Leneus
Name
Leneus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
son of Silenus and brother of Astraeus and Maron; a satyr who contested in footrunning with Ampelus
Lenobius
Lenobius
Name
Lenobius
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Lycon
Lycon
Name
Lycon
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Lycus
Lycus
Name
Lycus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
son of Hermes and Iphthime, and brother of Pherespondus and Pronomus
Maron
Maron
Name
Maron
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
son of Silenus and brother of Astraeus and Leneus; charioteer of Dionysus
Marsyas
Marsyas
Name
Marsyas
Notes
[needs citation and text]
Napaeus
Napaeus
Name
Napaeus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Oestrus
Oestrus
Name
Oestrus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Onthyrius
Onthyrius
Name
Onthyrius
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
killed by Tectaphus during the Indian War
Orestes
Orestes
Name
Orestes
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India; character is likely a fabrication of Nonnus' (name translates to "mountain-dweller")
Petraeus
Petraeus
Name
Petraeus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Phereus
Phereus
Name
Phereus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Pherespondus
Pherespondus
Name
Pherespondus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
herald of Dionysus during the Indian War and son of Hermes and Iphthime, and brother of Lycus and Pronomous
Phlegraeus
Phlegraeus
Name
Phlegraeus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Pithos
Pithos
Name
Pithos
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
another satyr killed by Tectaphus
Poemenius
Poemenius
Name
Poemenius
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India; character is likely a fabrication of Nonnus' (name translates to "Pastoral")
Pronomus
Pronomus
Name
Pronomus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
son of Hermes and Iphthime, and brother of Lycus and Pherespondus
Pylaieus
Pylaieus
Name
Pylaieus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
another Satyr killed by Tectaphus
Scirtus
Scirtus
Name
Scirtus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Silenus
Silenus
Name
Silenus
Notes
[multiple texts; still needs citations]
Thiasus
Thiasus
Name
Thiasus
Text
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Notes
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India; character is likely a fabrication of Nonnus' (name translates to "cult-association")
Unnamed Satyr
Unnamed Satyr
Name
Unnamed Satyr
Text
Ovid, Fasti
Notes
father of Ampelus by a Nymph
Phales
Phales
Name
Phales
Text
Aristophanes, The Acharnians
Notes
A satyr personification of the phallus and associated with the Dionysian festivities. In the work The Acharnians of Aristophanes, is mentioned in a phallic hymn as Phales raped Thratta the slave of Strymodorus
Name
Text
Notes
Ampelus
Nonnus' Dionysiaca, Ovid
young lover of Dionysus/Bacchus, contested in footrunning and swimming, killed by Selene for challenging her, Dionysus turned him into a star or the grape vine.
Astraeus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
son of Silenus and brother of Leneus and Maron; chief of the satyrs who came to join Dionysus in the Indian War
Babys
Plutarch, Moralia
brother of Marsyas, he challenged Apollo to a music contest and lost.
Cissus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
turned into an ivy plant; contested in footrunning with Ampelus
Gemon
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Hypsicerus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India; character is likely a fabrication of Nonnus' (name translates to "tall-horn")
Iobacchus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
Lamis
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Leneus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
son of Silenus and brother of Astraeus and Maron; a satyr who contested in footrunning with Ampelus
Lenobius
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Lycon
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Lycus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
son of Hermes and Iphthime, and brother of Pherespondus and Pronomus
Maron
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
son of Silenus and brother of Astraeus and Leneus; charioteer of Dionysus
Marsyas
[needs citation and text]
Napaeus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Oestrus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Onthyrius
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
killed by Tectaphus during the Indian War
Orestes
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India; character is likely a fabrication of Nonnus' (name translates to "mountain-dweller")
Petraeus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Phereus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Pherespondus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
herald of Dionysus during the Indian War and son of Hermes and Iphthime, and brother of Lycus and Pronomous
Phlegraeus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Pithos
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
another satyr killed by Tectaphus
Poemenius
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India; character is likely a fabrication of Nonnus' (name translates to "Pastoral")
Pronomus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
son of Hermes and Iphthime, and brother of Lycus and Pherespondus
Pylaieus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
another Satyr killed by Tectaphus
Scirtus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India
Silenus
[multiple texts; still needs citations]
Thiasus
Nonnus, Dionysiaca
one of the leaders of the satyrs who joined the army of Dionysus in his campaign against India; character is likely a fabrication of Nonnus' (name translates to "cult-association")
Unnamed Satyr
Ovid, Fasti
father of Ampelus by a Nymph
Phales
Aristophanes, The Acharnians
A satyr personification of the phallus and associated with the Dionysian festivities. In the work The Acharnians of Aristophanes, is mentioned in a phallic hymn as Phales raped Thratta the slave of Strymodorus

References

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