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Head of state
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Symbols SAT, ST or T are in use as well. The terms tālā and sene are translations of the English words dollar and cent i
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Since 31 December 2011.
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Since 7 September 2009. Although driving is on the left side of the roadway centre line, Samoa allows cars with steering
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/ˈsɑːmɔːə/ SAH-maw-ə; .mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- US: /səˈmoʊə/ sə-MOH-ə; also UK: /sɑːˈmoʊ
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Samoan: Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Sāmoa
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Samoan: Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Sāmoa i Sisifo
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Samoan: Sāmoa i Sisifo
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CIA – The World Factbook
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/samoa/ -
The Diplomat
https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/samoa-officially-becomes-a-christian-state/ -
"Samoa Population and Housing Census 2021"
https://www.sbs.gov.ws/documents/census/2021/Census_2021_Final_Report.pdf?_t=1670528927 -
"Samoa"
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/samoa/ -
"Samoa"
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=2&sy=2018&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=862&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= -
"Gini Index coefficient"
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ -
"Human Development Report 2023/2024"
https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/WSM -
ABC Australia
https://web.archive.org/web/20120103071659/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-12-30/samoa-skips-friday-in-time-zone-change/3753350 -
The New York Times
https://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/08/in-samoa-drivers-switch-to-left-side-of-the-road/ -
Stuff
https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/76397895/the-22-places-youre-probably-pronouncing-incorrectly -
The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001/m-en_nz-msdict-00001-0046961?rskey=0FvU7f&result=46966 -
The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English
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"Definition of 'Samoa'"
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/samoa -
The Argus
http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11528257 -
Polynesian Culture Center
https://web.archive.org/web/20110724221341/http://www.polynesia.com/samoa/island-map.html -
nzhistory.net.nz
https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/league-nations-mandate-german-samoa -
United Nations
https://www.un.org/members/list.shtml -
"The Origin of the Name of Samoa – Samoan Mythology"
https://web.archive.org/web/20240418033318/https://samoanmythology.org/ta-the_origin_of_the_name_of_samoa/ -
www.etymonline.com
https://www.etymonline.com/word/Samoa -
Records of the Australian Museum
https://web.archive.org/web/20190411004523/https://media.australianmuseum.net.au/media/Uploads/Journals/18092/1546_complete.pdf -
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222556459 -
Journal of the Polynesian Society
https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_98_1989/Volume_98,_No._3/New_information_for_the_Ferry_Berth_site,_Mulifanua,_Western_Samoa,_by_H._M._Leach,_p_319-330/p1 -
The Political Economy of Ancient Samoa: Basalt Adze Production and Linkages to Social Status (Winterhoff 2007)
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Su'esu'e manogi in search of fragrance : Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Ta'isi Efi and the Samoan indigenous reference
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1057446674 -
International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania
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Rhys Richards, (1992), Samoa's forgotten whaling heritage; American whaling in Samoan waters 1824–1878, Wellington, Lith
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Langdon, Robert (1984) Where the whalers went; an index to the Pacific ports and islands visited by American whalers (an
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History of Samoa: THE ADVENT OF THE MISSIONARY. (1830.1839)
http://www.samoa.co.uk/books/history-of-samoa/history-of-samoa-3.html -
West, Barbara A. (2008). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania Archived 24 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
https://books.google.com/books?id=pCiNqFj3MQsC -
"A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa, 1892"
https://web.archive.org/web/20150109161424/http://www.robert-louis-stevenson.org/other-writing/22-footnote-to-history -
Stevenson, Robert Louis (1892). A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa Archived 6 May 2021 at the Waybac
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/536 -
The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson Vol 25, Appendix II
https://www.readcentral.com/mobile/chapters/Andrew-Lang/The-Works-of-Robert-Louis-Stevenson-Vol-25/011 -
A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa
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Mains, P. John; McCarty, Louis Philippe (1906). The Statistician and Economist: Volume 23. p. 249
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Ryden, George Herbert. The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa. New York: Octagon Books, 1975. (Rep
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The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
https://books.google.com/books?id=tu2kCQAAQBAJ -
Ryden, p. 571
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World History at KMLA Archived 17 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, zum.de
http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/pacific/wsamoa18991918.html -
Lewthwaite, Gordon R. "Life, Land and Agriculture to Mid-Century," in Western Samoa. Edited by James W. Fox and Kenneth
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nzhistory.net.nz
https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/new-zealand-goes-to-war-first-world-war -
"Imperialism as a Vocation: Class C Mandates"
https://web.archive.org/web/20070825102909/http://www.jamesrmaclean.com/archives/archive_vocational_imperialism.html -
"External Affairs Bill", in New Zealand Parliamentary Debates, Vol. 185 (3 October–5 November 1919), p.337.
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An Eye, An Ear, and a Voice: 50 Years in New Zealand's External Relations, 1943–1993
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NZHistory.net.nz
https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/influenza-pandemic-1918 -
"Guardians and Wards: (A study of the origins, causes, and the first two years of the Mau in Western Samoa.)"
http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WenGua-c2.html -
Journal of Pacific History
https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00223349208572706 -
NZHistory.net.nz
https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/capture-of-samoa/administration -
War and Society
https://doi.org/10.1179%2F072924792791198986 -
Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4N5 -
"The Mau Movement"
https://web.archive.org/web/20071127054637/http://www.globaled.org.nz/comm/documents/GlobalBits_Parihaka_000.pdf -
Black Saturday: New Zealand's tragic blunders in Samoa
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Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga
https://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/NewZealandPeoples/Samoans/1/en -
nzhistory.govt.nz
https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/samoa -
Restless Samoan Mau Archived 14 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine Pacific Islands Monthly, October 1936, p8
https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-312543610/view?partId=nla.obj-312598495#page/n9/mode/1up -
"A Step Towards Self-Government" Archived 14 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine Pacific Islands Monthly, September 195
https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-315282345/view?partId=nla.obj-315297578#page/n30/mode/1up -
Western Samoa Act 1961 Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine (24 November 1961; 1961 No 68). Resolution 1626 (X
http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/wsa19611961n68189/ -
Chapter XII. International Trusteeship System Archived 3 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Charter of the United Nations
https://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chapter-xii/ -
"Celebration of Samoa's Independence Day Archived 2 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine", Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealan
https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/4202/celebration-of-samoas-independence-day -
"Independence Day Archived 5 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine", United Nations. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
http://www.un.int/samoa/event/independence-day -
T.T. Suatipatipa II Pacific Islands Monthly, September 1974, p102
https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-333446652/view?partId=nla.obj-333560905#page/n103/mode/1up -
"Constitution of the Independent State of Western Samoa 1960"
https://web.archive.org/web/20070708171858/http://www.paclii.org/ws/legis/consol_act/cotisows1960535/ -
"General Assembly admits Western Samoa as 147th United Nations member state"
https://search.archives.un.org/uploads/r/united-nations-archives/a/5/8/a5839a368236c935b63e43f930c35ede5935eec012fbc67f557a810d73b37250/S-0904-0070-0013-00001.PDF -
The Happy Isles of Oceania: Paddling the Pacific
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Constitution Amendment Act (No 2) 1997 Archived 17 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Paclii.org. Retrieved on 9 Novembe
http://www.paclii.org/ws/legis/num_act/caa21997295/ -
U.S. Embassy in Samoa
https://ws.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/samoan-history/ -
The New Zealand Herald
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=2044857 -
"Prime Minister Helen Clark's Historic Apology"
http://192.54.242.122/details.php?table=doc_primary&id=164 -
Samoa switches smoothly to driving on the left Archived 8 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, The Gu
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/08/samoa-drivers-switch-left -
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8243110.stm -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13330592 -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/30/world/asia/samoa-to-skip-friday-and-switch-time-zones.html -
www.timeanddate.com
https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-removes-dst.html -
"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"
https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en -
"Constitutional Amendment Passes; Samoa Officially Becomes 'Christian State'"
https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223748/http://www.pireport.org/articles/2017/06/08/constitutional-amendment-passes-samoa-officially-becomes-christian-state -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/samoa-set-appoint-first-female-prime-minister-2021-05-17/ -
CNN
https://edition.cnn.com/2021/05/24/asia/samoa-election-uncertainty-intl-hnk/index.html -
"Background Note: Samoa"
https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1842.htm -
RNZ
https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/473339/samoan-parliament-re-elects-head-of-state -
New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade
https://web.archive.org/web/20150729214227/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Pacific/Samoa.php -
U.S. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78789.htm -
Samoa Observer
https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/samoa/116144 -
Samoa Observer
https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/samoa/116142 -
"About Samoa"
https://www.samoagovt.ws/about-samoa/ -
"Homosexuality to remain illegal in Samoa, Solomon Islands and PNG" Archived 14 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Radio A
http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/2011-10-21/417010 -
palemene.ws
https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-Eng.pdf -
The Diplomat
https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/samoa-officially-becomes-a-christian-state/ -
"New Zealand and Western Samoa: Treaty of Friendship"
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20453/volume-453-I-6515-English.pdf -
"Samoa: New Approval Guidelines for Arming Police Passed"
https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2017-03-14/samoa-new-approval-guidelines-for-arming-police-passed/ -
"Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density"
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2009-2010/Table03.pdf -
Salesian Bulletin
https://web.archive.org/web/20071120020749/http://www.donbosco.asn.au/Bulletins/2004/mar/overview.htm -
Geology
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Geo....36..435K -
"GSA Press Release – GEOLOGY/GSA Today Media Highlights"
https://www.geosociety.org/news/pr/08-23.htm -
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http://www.samoa.travel/sightseeing.aspx?sID=9 -
Encyclopædia Britannica
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-54101/Samoa -
World Weather Information Service – Apia Archived 15 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, World Meteorological Organizat
https://worldweather.wmo.int/184/c01230.htm -
BioScience
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287 -
worldrainforests.com
https://worldrainforests.com/deforestation/2000/Samoa.htm -
Terrestrial Ecoregions
https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/oc0112 -
"Samoa graduates from the LDC category"
https://www.un.org/ldcportal/samoa-graduates-from-the-ldc-category/ -
CIA World Factbook
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/samoa/ -
Central Bank of Samoa website
https://web.archive.org/web/20101206040241/http://www.cbs.gov.ws/about/intro/index.html -
Radio New Zealand
https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/358097/samoa-making-progress-on-renewable-energy-goal -
www.unwto.org
https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/un-tourism-tourism-dashboard -
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http://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/un-tourism-tourism-dashboard -
New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/trade/mfat-market-reports/samoa-budget-and-economic-update-july-2024 -
PSDI: Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative
https://pacificpsdi.org/assets/Uploads/PSDI-TourismSnapshot-SAM3.pdf -
OECD
https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2023/11/towards-a-blue-recovery-in-samoa_587745ce/bd8d4112-en.pdf -
www.samoatourism.org
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Samoa Tourism Board
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samoaland.gov.ws
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Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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pacificfarmers.com
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asiapacificfarmersforum.net
https://asiapacificfarmersforum.net/samoa-pifon-pineapples-in-paradise/ -
Ministry for Public Enterprises
https://www.mpe.gov.ws/links/public-bodies/trading/samoa-shipping-corporation/ -
"Catching the Ferry | Samoa Plan and Book | Pacific Island"
https://www.samoa.travel/plan-book/getting-around-samoa/ferry-information/ -
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"Population & Demography Indicator Summary"
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RNZ
https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/405090/measles-death-toll-rises-to-68-in-samoa -
Twitter
https://twitter.com/samoagovt/status/1202707973048418304 -
"Two more deaths from measles in Samoa over New Year period"
https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/406802/two-more-deaths-from-measles-in-samoa-over-new-year-period -
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The Journal of the Polynesian Society
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thediplomat.com
https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/samoa-officially-becomes-a-christian-state/ -
Samoa.co.uk
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Oceanside Museum of Art
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"NZ Feature Project: Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree – The New Zealand Film Archive"
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Theatre Aotearoa Data Base
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Stuff
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Home Archived 12 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Mau.co.nz. Retrieved on 9 November 2016.
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Dances of Life |American Samoa. piccom.org
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Henderson, April K. "Dancing Between Islands: Hip Hop and the Samoan Diaspora." In The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and th
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RNZ
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ManuSamoa.net
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ESPN
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