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Salvador Allende

Updated: Wikipedia source

Salvador Allende

Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens (26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973) was a Chilean socialist politician who served as the 29th president of Chile from 1970 until his death in 1973. As a socialist committed to democracy, he has been described as the first Marxist to be elected president in a liberal democracy in Latin America. Allende's involvement in Chilean politics spanned a period of nearly forty years, during which he held various positions including senator, deputy, and cabinet minister. As a life-long committed member of the Socialist Party of Chile, whose foundation he had actively contributed to, he unsuccessfully ran for the national presidency in the 1952, 1958, and 1964 elections. In 1970, he won the presidency as the candidate of the Popular Unity coalition in a close three-way race. He was elected in a run-off by Congress, as no candidate had gained a majority. In office, Allende pursued a policy he called "The Chilean Path to Socialism". The coalition government was far from unanimous. Allende said that he was committed to democracy and represented the more moderate faction of the Socialist Party, while the radical wing sought a more radical course. Instead, the Communist Party of Chile favored a gradual and cautious approach that sought cooperation with Christian democrats, which proved influential for the Italian Communist Party and the Historic Compromise. As president, Allende sought to nationalize major industries, expand education, and improve the living standards of the working class. He clashed with the right-wing parties that controlled Congress and with the judiciary. On 11 September 1973, the military moved to oust Allende's democratically elected government in a coup d'état supported by the CIA. Declassified documents showed that US president Richard Nixon and his national security advisor Henry Kissinger were aware of the military's plans to overthrow Allende in the days before the coup d'état. As troops surrounded La Moneda Palace, Allende gave his last speech vowing not to resign. Later that day, Allende died by suicide in his office; the exact circumstances of his death are still disputed. Following Allende's death, General Augusto Pinochet refused to return authority to a civilian government, and Chile was later ruled by the Government Junta, ending more than four decades of uninterrupted democratic governance, a period known as the Presidential Republic. The military junta that took over dissolved Congress, suspended the Constitution of 1925, and initiated a program of persecuting alleged dissidents, in which at least 3,095 civilians disappeared or were killed. Pinochet's military dictatorship only ended after the successful internationally backed 1989 constitutional referendum led to the peaceful Chilean transition to democracy.

Infobox

Preceded by
Humberto Casali Monreal
Succeeded by
Vasco Valdebenito García
Constituency
Quillota and Valparaíso
President
Pedro Aguirre Cerda
Born
Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens(1908-06-26)26 June 1908Santiago, Chile
Died
11 September 1973(1973-09-11) (aged 65)Santiago, Chile
Cause of death
Suicide
Resting place
Santiago General Cemetery
Political party
Socialist Party of Chile
Other politicalaffiliations
Popular Unity Coalition Popular Action Front
Spouse
mw- Hortensia Bussi (m. 1940)
Children
3, including Beatriz and Isabel
Relatives
Allende family
Alma mater
University of Chile
Profession
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Website
Foundation
Party
Socialist Party of Chile

Tables

· Electoral History › 1952 Presidential election
Votes
Votes
Candidate
Votes
Candidate
%
Party
Votes
Popular vote
%
Total
Total
Candidate
Total
Candidate
954,131
Party
100.00
Popular vote
144
Popular vote
100.00
Valid votes
Valid votes
Candidate
Valid votes
Candidate
954,131
Party
99.69
Popular vote
144
Popular vote
82.76
Invalid/blank votes
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
2,971
Party
0.31
Popular vote
30
Popular vote
17.24
Total votes
Total votes
Candidate
Total votes
Candidate
957,102
Party
100.00
Popular vote
174
Popular vote
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
1,105,029
Party
86.61
Popular vote
192
Popular vote
90.62
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
Candidate
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
Candidate
Party
Popular vote
Congress vote
Votes
%
Votes
%
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo
Independent
446,439
46.79
132
91.67
Arturo Matte Larraín
Liberal Party
265,357
27.81
12
8.33
Pedro Enrique Alfonso Barrios
Radical Party
190,360
19.95
Salvador Allende
Socialist Party
51,975
5.45
Total
954,131
100.00
144
100.00
Valid votes
954,131
99.69
144
82.76
Invalid/blank votes
2,971
0.31
30
17.24
Total votes
957,102
100.00
174
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
1,105,029
86.61
192
90.62
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
· Electoral History › 1958 Presidential election
Votes
Votes
Candidate
Votes
Candidate
%
Party
Votes
Popular vote
%
Total
Total
Candidate
Total
Candidate
1,235,552
Party
100.00
Popular vote
173
Popular vote
100.00
Valid votes
Valid votes
Candidate
Valid votes
Candidate
1,235,552
Party
98.82
Popular vote
173
Popular vote
92.51
Invalid/blank votes
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
14,798
Party
1.18
Popular vote
14
Popular vote
7.49
Total votes
Total votes
Candidate
Total votes
Candidate
1,250,350
Party
100.00
Popular vote
187
Popular vote
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
1,497,493
Party
83.50
Popular vote
192
Popular vote
97.40
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
Candidate
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
Candidate
Party
Popular vote
Congress vote
Votes
%
Votes
%
Jorge Alessandri
Independent (Liberal–Conservative)
389,909
31.56
147
84.97
Salvador Allende
Socialist Party
356,493
28.85
26
15.03
Eduardo Frei Montalva
Christian Democratic Party
255,769
20.70
Luis Bossay
Radical Party
192,077
15.55
Antonio Zamorano
Independent
41,304
3.34
Total
1,235,552
100.00
173
100.00
Valid votes
1,235,552
98.82
173
92.51
Invalid/blank votes
14,798
1.18
14
7.49
Total votes
1,250,350
100.00
187
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
1,497,493
83.50
192
97.40
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
· Electoral History › 1964 Presidential election
Total
Total
Candidate
Total
Candidate
2,512,147
Party
100.00
Valid votes
Valid votes
Candidate
Valid votes
Candidate
2,512,147
Party
99.27
Invalid/blank votes
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
18,550
Party
0.73
Total votes
Total votes
Candidate
Total votes
Candidate
2,530,697
Party
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
2,915,121
Party
86.81
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
Candidate
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Eduardo Frei Montalva
Christian Democratic Party
1,409,012
56.09
Salvador Allende
Socialist Party
977,902
38.93
Julio Durán
Radical Party
125,233
4.99
Total
2,512,147
100.00
Valid votes
2,512,147
99.27
Invalid/blank votes
18,550
0.73
Total votes
2,530,697
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
2,915,121
86.81
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Electoral Database
· Electoral History › 1970 Presidential election
Votes
Votes
Candidate
Votes
Candidate
%
Party
Votes
Popular vote
%
Total
Total
Candidate
Total
Candidate
2,923,294
Party
100.00
Popular vote
188
Popular vote
100.00
Valid votes
Valid votes
Candidate
Valid votes
Candidate
2,923,294
Party
98.93
Popular vote
188
Popular vote
96.41
Invalid/blank votes
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
31,505
Party
1.07
Popular vote
7
Popular vote
3.59
Total votes
Total votes
Candidate
Total votes
Candidate
2,954,799
Party
100.00
Popular vote
195
Popular vote
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
3,539,747
Party
83.47
Popular vote
200
Popular vote
97.50
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Election Database, Tricel
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Election Database, Tricel
Candidate
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Election Database, Tricel
Candidate
Party
Popular vote
Congress vote
Votes
%
Votes
%
Salvador Allende
Popular Unity
1,070,334
36.61
153
81.38
Jorge Alessandri
Independent (National Party)
1,031,159
35.27
35
18.62
Radomiro Tomic
Christian Democratic Party
821,801
28.11
Total
2,923,294
100.00
188
100.00
Valid votes
2,923,294
98.93
188
96.41
Invalid/blank votes
31,505
1.07
7
3.59
Total votes
2,954,799
100.00
195
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
3,539,747
83.47
200
97.50
Source: Nohlen, Chilean Election Database, Tricel

References

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  3. The Communist Party belonged to the moderate wing of the Unidad Popular coalition, while Allende's Socialist Party was s
  4. Quote from p. 195 – "Looking at the traditional macroeconomic variables, the first year of the UP Government achieved re
  5. Allende's personal adviser, Juan Garcés, escaped the siege on the Moneda Palace and fled to Europe, where he published t
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