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Saint Peter

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Saint Peter

Saint Peter (born Shimon bar Yonah; c. 1 BC – AD 64/68), also known as Peter the Apostle and Simon Peter, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church. He appears repeatedly and prominently in all four New Testament gospels, as well as the Acts of the Apostles. Catholic and Orthodox tradition treats Peter as the first bishop of Rome – or pope – and also as the first bishop of Antioch. According to Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero. The ancient Christian churches venerate Peter as a major saint and the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Church of Rome, but they differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his successors. According to Catholic teaching, Jesus promised Peter a special position in the Church. In the New Testament, the name "Simon Peter" is found 19 times. He is the brother of Andrew, and they both were fishermen. The Gospel of Mark, in particular, is traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter's preaching and eyewitness accounts. He is also mentioned as Peter or Cephas in Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians and the Epistle to the Galatians. The New Testament also includes two general epistles, First Peter and Second Peter, which are traditionally attributed to him, but modern scholarship generally rejects the Petrine authorship of both. Outside of the New Testament, several apocryphal books were later attributed to him, in particular the Acts of Peter, Gospel of Peter, the Preaching of Peter, Apocalypse of Peter, and Judgment of Peter, although scholars believe these works to be pseudepigrapha. Although the New Testament does not explicitly identify Peter as the first bishop of Rome or detail his journey there, early Church Fathers and historians, including Irenaeus, Tertullian, Hegesippus, Clement of Alexandria, Lactantius, and Eusebius attest that Peter spent his closing years in Rome, and along with Paul founded the Church in Rome and conferred the episcopal office upon Linus. These accounts also maintain that Peter was martyred in Rome, traditionally on Vatican Hill during Nero's reign. The late second-century writer Caius further testified that the monuments of Peter were located at the Vatican.

Infobox

See
First bishop of Rome and first bishop of Antioch, according to Catholic and Eastern Christian tradition
Papacy began
c. AD 30
Papacy ended
Between 64 and 68 AD
Successor
Bishop of Rome (according to tradition): Linus Bishop of Antioch (according to tradition): Evodius
Ordination
c. AD 30 by Jesus Christ
Born
Shimon bar Yonah c. 1 BC Bethsaida, Herodian tetrarchy, Roman Empire
Died
Between 64 and 68 AD (aged 63–67) Vatican Hill, Rome, Italia, Roman Empire
Parents
Jonah (or Jona; John)
Spouse
Name unknown
Occupation
Fisherman, clergyman
Feast day
Main feast: Feast of Saints Peter and Paul (with Paul the Apostle) 29 June (Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, Lutheranism) 18 January: Confession of Saint Peter (Anglicanism, Lutheranism) 22 February: Chair of Saint Peter (Catholic Church)
Venerated in
All Christian denominations that venerate saints
Canonized
Pre-Congregation
Attributes
Keys of Heaven, Red Martyr, pallium, papal vestments, rooster, man crucified upside down, vested as an Apostle, holding a book or scroll, Cross of Saint Peter
Patronage
Patronage list
Shrines
St. Peter's Basilica Church of St. Peter

Tables

· Patronage
Bakers Bridge builders Butchers Fishermen Harvesters
Bakers Bridge builders Butchers Fishermen Harvesters
Workers
Bakers Bridge builders Butchers Fishermen Harvesters
Workers
Cordwainers Horologists Locksmiths Cobblers
Workers
Net makers Shipwrights Stationers
Called for aid in
Called for aid in
Workers
Called for aid in
Frenzy Foot problems
Frenzy Foot problems
Workers
Frenzy Foot problems
Workers
Fever
Workers
Longevity
Institutions
Institutions
Workers
Institutions
The Papacy The Patriarchate of Antioch Berchtesgaden Provostry Bishop Cotton Boys' School, Bangalore
The Papacy The Patriarchate of Antioch Berchtesgaden Provostry Bishop Cotton Boys' School, Bangalore
Workers
The Papacy The Patriarchate of Antioch Berchtesgaden Provostry Bishop Cotton Boys' School, Bangalore
Workers
Exeter College, Oxford Universalist Church
Workers
Peterhouse, Cambridge, UK St Peter's College, Oxford, UK St Peter's College, Auckland, New Zealand St Peter's College, Radley, UK St Peter's School, York, UK Saint Peter's University, New Jersey, US St Peter's College, Adelaide, Australia
Churches and Cathedrals
Churches and Cathedrals
Workers
Churches and Cathedrals
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter, Vatican City Bath Abbey York Minster List of churches dedicated to St Peter
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter, Vatican City Bath Abbey York Minster List of churches dedicated to St Peter
Workers
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter, Vatican City Bath Abbey York Minster List of churches dedicated to St Peter
Locations
Locations
Workers
Locations
Apalit Barotac Viejo Birżebbuġa Bremen Calatrava Calauag Calbayog Chartres Chimbote Cologne Davao Dunajská Streda Évora Hinton on the Green Ilovik i Sveti Petar Jackson Köpenick
Apalit Barotac Viejo Birżebbuġa Bremen Calatrava Calauag Calbayog Chartres Chimbote Cologne Davao Dunajská Streda Évora Hinton on the Green Ilovik i Sveti Petar Jackson Köpenick
Workers
Apalit Barotac Viejo Birżebbuġa Bremen Calatrava Calauag Calbayog Chartres Chimbote Cologne Davao Dunajská Streda Évora Hinton on the Green Ilovik i Sveti Petar Jackson Köpenick
Workers
Las Vegas Leuven Leiden Lessines Loboc Maralal Marquette Moissac Naumburg Obermarsberg Peterborough Philadelphia Póvoa de Varzim Poznań Providence Pubnico
Workers
Regensburg Rio Grande do Sul Rome St. Petersburg, Florida Saint Petersburg, Russia Saint Pierre and Miquelon San Pedro, Laguna San Pedro Soloma Scranton Seixal Municipality Sunderland Sintra Sint-Pieters-Rode Siuntio Tielt Toa Baja Trier Umbria Worms
Workers
Bakers Bridge builders Butchers Fishermen Harvesters
Cordwainers Horologists Locksmiths Cobblers
Net makers Shipwrights Stationers
Called for aid in
Frenzy Foot problems
Fever
Longevity
Institutions
The Papacy The Patriarchate of Antioch Berchtesgaden Provostry Bishop Cotton Boys' School, Bangalore
Exeter College, Oxford Universalist Church
Peterhouse, Cambridge, UK St Peter's College, Oxford, UK St Peter's College, Auckland, New Zealand St Peter's College, Radley, UK St Peter's School, York, UK Saint Peter's University, New Jersey, US St Peter's College, Adelaide, Australia
Churches and Cathedrals
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter, Vatican City Bath Abbey York Minster List of churches dedicated to St Peter
Locations
Apalit Barotac Viejo Birżebbuġa Bremen Calatrava Calauag Calbayog Chartres Chimbote Cologne Davao Dunajská Streda Évora Hinton on the Green Ilovik i Sveti Petar Jackson Köpenick
Las Vegas Leuven Leiden Lessines Loboc Maralal Marquette Moissac Naumburg Obermarsberg Peterborough Philadelphia Póvoa de Varzim Poznań Providence Pubnico
Regensburg Rio Grande do Sul Rome St. Petersburg, Florida Saint Petersburg, Russia Saint Pierre and Miquelon San Pedro, Laguna San Pedro Soloma Scranton Seixal Municipality Sunderland Sintra Sint-Pieters-Rode Siuntio Tielt Toa Baja Trier Umbria Worms
· External links
Preceded byDebut
Preceded byDebut
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byDebut
Catholic Church titles
Pope before 64
Catholic Church titles
Succeeded byLinus
Preceded byDebut
Preceded byDebut
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byDebut
Catholic Church titles
Bishop of Antioch 37–53
Catholic Church titles
Succeeded byEvodius
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byDebut
Pope before 64
Succeeded byLinus
Preceded byDebut
Bishop of Antioch 37–53
Succeeded byEvodius

References

  1. Hebrew: שמעון בר יונה, romanized: Šīmʿōn bar Yōnā; Classical Syriac: ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ, romanized: Šemʿōn Kēp̄ā; Arabic:
  2. Other names include Simeon, Simon, Cephas, and Simon Bar-Jona.
  3. The narrative of Jesus' calling of his first disciples varies throughout all four gospels. In Mark 1:16, "Simon and his
  4. His father's name is given as "Jonah" although some manuscripts of John give his father's name as "John".
  5. See Incident at Antioch; see also the section below headed "Road to Rome: Antioch and Corinth".
  6. Peter delivering a significant open-air sermon during Pentecost. According to the same book, Peter took the lead in sele
  7. At the Council of Jerusalem (c. 50), the early Church, Paul and the leaders of the Jerusalem church met and decided to e
  8. Galatians is accepted as authentic by almost all scholars. These may be the earliest mentions of Peter to be written. Eu
  9. This is provided in Downey, A History of Antioch, pp. 583–586. This evidence is accepted by M. Lapidge, among others, se
  10. Historians debate whether the Roman government distinguished between Christians and Jews prior to Nerva's modification o
  11. Margherita Guarducci, who led the research leading to the rediscovery of Peter's reputed tomb in its last stages (1963–1
  12. Zwierlein's thesis has caused debate. Zwierlein has made a summary of his view available online in English. An edited vo
  13. Πέτρᾳ (petra "rock") is the feminine form of the Greek noun (Πέτρος) (Petros), which represents the masculine form; the
  14. newadvent
    http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm
  15. The Papacy - An Encyclopedia
    https://books.google.com/books?id=JTj4wAEACAAJ
  16. The Fate of the Apostles- Examining the Martyrdom Accounts of the Closest Followers of Jesus
    https://books.google.com/books?id=dIm1CwAAQBAJ&q=it+is+likely+that+the+apostle+peter+died+in+rome&pg=PA57
  17. The Papacy and the Orthodox - Sources and History of a Debate
    https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8DXDQAAQBAJ&q=scholarship+largely+came+to+accept+Peter%27s+death+in+Rome+%E2%80%9Cas+a+fact+which+is&pg=PT50
  18. Syria - Society, Culture, and Polity
    https://books.google.com/books?id=9cn1gwQXfgkC&pg=PA53
  19. www
    https://www.drbo.org/cgi-bin/s?q=Matthew+16%3A17&x=0&y=0&b=drb&t=0
  20. Matthew 16:18
    https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2016:18&version=nrsv
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