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Saddam Hussein

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the president of Iraq from 1979 until he was overthrown in 2003 during the United States–led invasion of Iraq. He previously served as the vice president from 1968 to 1979 and also as the prime minister from 1979 to 1991 and later from 1994 to 2003. A leading member of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, he was a proponent of Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism. The policies and ideologies he championed are collectively known as Saddamism. Born near the city of Tikrit to a Sunni Arab family, Saddam joined the revolutionary Ba'ath Party in 1957. He played a key role in the 17 July Revolution that brought the Ba'athists to power in Iraq and made him vice president under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. During his tenure as vice president, Saddam nationalized the Iraq Petroleum Company, diversified the economy, introduced free healthcare and education, and supported women's rights. He also presided over the defeat of the Kurdish insurgency in the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War and signed the Algiers Agreement with Iran in 1975, thereby settling territorial disputes along the Iran–Iraq border. Following al-Bakr's resignation in 1979, Saddam formally took power. During his presidency, positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs, a minority that made up only about a fifth of the Iraqi population. Upon taking office as president in 1979, Saddam purged rivals within his party. In 1980, he ordered the invasion of Iran, purportedly to capture Iran's Arab-majority Khuzestan province, and end Iranian attempts to export its Islamic Revolution to the Arab world. In 1988, as the war with Iran ended in a stalemate, he ordered the Anfal campaign against Kurdish rebels who had sided with Iran. Later, he accused his former ally Kuwait of slant-drilling Iraq's oil reserves and subsequently invaded the country in 1990. This ultimately led to the Gulf War in 1991, which ended in Iraq's defeat by a United States-led coalition. In the war's aftermath, Saddam's forces suppressed the 1991 Iraqi uprisings launched by Kurds and Shias seeking regime change, as well as further uprisings in 1999. After reconsolidating his hold on power, Saddam pursued an Islamist agenda for Iraq through the Faith Campaign. In 2003, a US-led coalition invaded Iraq, incorrectly accusing him of developing weapons of mass destruction and of having ties with al-Qaeda. Coalition forces toppled Saddam's regime and captured him. During his trial, Saddam was convicted by the Iraqi High Tribunal of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death by hanging. He was executed on 30 December 2006. A polarizing and controversial figure, Saddam dominated Iraqi politics for 35 years and was the subject of a cult of personality. Many Arabs regard Saddam as a resolute leader who challenged Western imperialism, opposed the Israeli occupation of Palestine, and resisted foreign intervention in the region. Conversely, many Iraqis, particularly Shias and Kurds, perceive him as a tyrant responsible for acts of repression, mass killing and other injustices. Human Rights Watch estimated that Saddam's regime was responsible for the murder or disappearance of 250,000 to 290,000 Iraqis. Saddam's government has been described by several analysts as authoritarian and totalitarian, and by some as fascist, although the applicability of those labels has been contested.

Infobox

Prime Minister
mw- Himself (1979–1991, 1994–2003)Sa'dun Hammadi (1991)Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi (1991–1993)Ahmad Husayn as-Samarrai (1993–1994)
Vice President
Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf (1974–2003)Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri (1979–2003)Taha Yassin Ramadan (1991–2003)
Preceded by
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Succeeded by
Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
President
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Deputy
Tariq Aziz
National Secretary
Michel Aflaq (until 1989)Himself (from 1989)
Born
Saddam Husayn Abd al-Majid al-Tikritiyy(1937-04-28)28 April 1937[a]Al-Awja, Iraq
Died
30 December 2006(2006-12-30) (aged 69)Baghdad, Iraq
Cause of death
Execution by hanging
Resting place
Al-Awja, Iraq
Political party
Ba'ath Party (1957–1966) Iraqi Ba'ath Party (1966–2006)
Spouses
mw- Sajida Talfah (m. 1958) Samira Shahbandar (m. 1986)
Children
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li UdayQusayRaghadRanaHala
Alma mater
Cairo UniversityUniversity of Baghdad
Allegiance
Ba'athist Iraq
Branch/service
Iraqi Armed Forces
Rank
Field Marshal
Battles/wars
mw- li Second Iraqi–Kurdish War Iran–Iraq War Gulf War 1991 Iraqi uprisings Iraq War (POW) 2003 invasion of Iraq
Height
1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)
Criminal status
Executed
Conviction
Crimes against humanity during the Dujail massacre
Trial
Trial of Saddam Hussein
Criminal penalty
Death by hanging
Reward amount
$25 million
Date apprehended
13 December 2003
Party
Ba'ath Party (1957–1966) Iraqi Ba'ath Party (1966–2006)

Tables

· External links
Preceded byAhmed Hassan al-Bakr
Preceded byAhmed Hassan al-Bakr
Political offices
Preceded byAhmed Hassan al-Bakr
Political offices
President of Iraq 1979–2003
Political offices
Succeeded byJay Garneras Director of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance of Iraq
Prime Minister of Iraq 1979–1991
Prime Minister of Iraq 1979–1991
Political offices
Prime Minister of Iraq 1979–1991
Political offices
Succeeded bySa'dun Hammadi
Preceded byAhmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
Preceded byAhmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
Political offices
Preceded byAhmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
Political offices
Prime Minister of Iraq 1994–2003
Political offices
Succeeded byMohammad Bahr al-Ulloumas Acting President of the Governing Council of Iraq
Party political offices
Party political offices
Political offices
Party political offices
Preceded byAhmed Hassan al-Bakr
Preceded byAhmed Hassan al-Bakr
Political offices
Preceded byAhmed Hassan al-Bakr
Political offices
Leader of the Ba'ath Party 1979–2006
Political offices
Succeeded byIzzat Ibrahim ad-Douri
Political offices
Preceded byAhmed Hassan al-Bakr
President of Iraq 1979–2003
Succeeded byJay Garneras Director of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance of Iraq
Prime Minister of Iraq 1979–1991
Succeeded bySa'dun Hammadi
Preceded byAhmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
Prime Minister of Iraq 1994–2003
Succeeded byMohammad Bahr al-Ulloumas Acting President of the Governing Council of Iraq
Party political offices
Preceded byAhmed Hassan al-Bakr
Leader of the Ba'ath Party 1979–2006
Succeeded byIzzat Ibrahim ad-Douri

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  2. Saddam (Arabic: صَدَّام), pronounced [sˤɑdˈdæːm] in Modern Standard Arabic, is his given name. Hussein (sometimes also t
  3. /səˈdɑːm huːˈseɪn/ ⓘ sə-DAHM hoo-SAYN; Arabic: صَدَّام حُسَيْن, .mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-
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  245. "Guess Who Got The Key To Detroit?"
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