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SD card

Updated: Wikipedia source

SD card

The SD card is a proprietary, non-volatile, flash memory card format developed by the SD Association (SDA). They come in three physical forms: the full-size SD, the smaller miniSD (now obsolete), and the smallest, microSD. Owing to their compact form factor, SD cards have been widely adopted in a variety of portable consumer electronics, including digital cameras, camcorders, video game consoles, mobile phones, action cameras, and camera drones. The format was introduced in August 1999 as Secure Digital by SanDisk, Panasonic (then known as Matsushita), and Kioxia (then part of Toshiba). It was designed as a successor to the MultiMediaCard (MMC) format, introducing several enhancements including a digital rights management (DRM) feature, a more durable physical casing, and a mechanical write-protect switch. These improvements, combined with strong industry support, contributed to its widespread adoption. To manage licensing and intellectual property rights, the founding companies established SD-3C, LLC. In January 2000, they also formed the SD Association, a non-profit organization responsible for developing the SD specifications and promoting the format. As of 2023, the SDA includes approximately 1000 member companies. The association uses trademarked logos owned by SD-3C to enforce compliance with official standards and to indicate product compatibility.

Infobox

Media type
Memory card
Capacity
mw- SD: Up to 2 GBSDHC: Up to 32 GBSDXC: Up to 2 TBSDUC: Up to 128 TB
Block size
Variable
Read mechanism
Default: Up to 12.5 MB/sHigh-speed: Up to 25 MB/sUHS-I: Up to 104 MB/sUHS-II: Up to 312 MB/sUHS-III: Up to 624 MB/sExpress: Up to 3940 MB/s
Developed by
SD Association
Dimensions
Standard:32×24×2.1 mm (1.260×0.945×0.083 in)1,612.8 mm3 (0.09842 cu in)Mini:21.5×20×1.4 mm (0.846×0.787×0.055 in)602 mm3 (0.0367 cu in)Micro:15×11×1 mm (0.591×0.433×0.039 in)165 mm3 (0.0101 cu in)
Weight
Standard: 2 gMini: 0.8 gMicro: 0.25 g
Extended from
MultiMediaCard
Released
August 1999

Tables

Comparison of capacity standards[25] · Capacity standards
Mark
Mark
Col 1
Mark
SDSC
SDHC
SDXC
SDUC
Max capacity
Max capacity
Col 1
Max capacity
SDSC
2 GB
SDHC
32 GB
SDXC
2 TB
SDUC
128 TB
File system
File system
Col 1
File system
SDSC
FAT12, FAT16
SDHC
FAT32
SDXC
exFAT
SDSC
SDHC
SDXC
SDUC
Mark
Max capacity
2 GB
32 GB
2 TB
128 TB
File system
FAT12, FAT16
FAT32
exFAT
Comparison of bus speeds[50] · Bus marks
Speed
Speed
Mark
PCIe
Bus
Duplex
Bus
SD
Bus
SDHC
Capacity standard
SDXC
Capacity standard
SDUC
Default
Default
Mark
—
Bus
12.5 MB/s
Bus
—
Bus
Half
Capacity standard
Yes
Capacity standard
Yes
Capacity standard
Yes
Capacity standard
Yes
Spec
1.01
High Speed
High Speed
Mark
—
Bus
25 MB/s
Bus
Half
Bus
1.10
UHS-I
UHS-I
Mark
Bus
50 MB/s
Bus
Half
Bus
No
Capacity standard
3.01
104 MB/s
104 MB/s
UHS-II
UHS-II
Mark
Bus
156 MB/s
Bus
Full
Bus
4.004.10
312 MB/s
312 MB/s
Mark
Half
UHS-III
UHS-III
Mark
Bus
312 MB/s
Bus
Full
Bus
6.00
624 MB/s
624 MB/s
SD Express
SD Express
Mark
Bus
985 MB/s
Bus
3.1x1
Bus
—
Capacity standard
7.007.10
1969 MB/s
1969 MB/s
Mark
3.1x24.0x1
Bus
8.0
3938 MB/s
3938 MB/s
Mark
4.0x2
Interface
Mark
Bus
Capacity standard
Spec
Speed
PCIe
Duplex
SD
SDHC
SDXC
SDUC
Default
—
12.5 MB/s
—
Half
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1.01
High Speed
—
25 MB/s
Half
1.10
UHS-I
50 MB/s
Half
No
3.01
104 MB/s
UHS-II
156 MB/s
Full
4.004.10
312 MB/s
Half
UHS-III
312 MB/s
Full
6.00
624 MB/s
SD Express
985 MB/s
3.1x1
—
7.007.10
1969 MB/s
3.1x24.0x1
8.0
3938 MB/s
4.0x2
Bus speed of host and card combinations (in MB/s)[49] · Bus marks
UHS50
UHS50
mw- HostCard
UHS50
mw- HostCard
UHS104
UHS-I
Full
UHS-I
Half
UHS-I
UHS-I
mw- HostCard
UHS-I
mw- HostCard
UHS50
UHS-I
050
UHS-I
050
UHS-II
050
UHS-II
050
UHS-III
050
Express
050
UHS104
UHS104
mw- HostCard
UHS104
mw- HostCard
050
UHS-I
104
UHS-I
104
UHS-II
104
UHS-II
104
UHS-III
104
UHS-II
UHS-II
mw- HostCard
UHS-II
mw- HostCard
Full
UHS-I
050
UHS-I
104
UHS-II
156
UHS-II
156
UHS-III
156
Express
156
Half
Half
mw- HostCard
Half
mw- HostCard
050
UHS-I
104
UHS-I
156
UHS-II
312
UHS-II
312
UHS-III
312
UHS-III
UHS-III
mw- HostCard
UHS-III
mw- HostCard
050
UHS-I
104
UHS-I
156
UHS-II
312
UHS-II
624
UHS-III
624
Express
Express
mw- HostCard
Express
mw- HostCard
050
UHS-I
104
UHS-I
104
UHS-II
104
UHS-II
104
UHS-III
3,938
mw- HostCard
UHS-I
UHS-II
UHS-III
Express
UHS50
UHS104
Full
Half
UHS-I
UHS50
050
050
050
050
050
050
UHS104
050
104
104
104
104
104
UHS-II
Full
050
104
156
156
156
156
Half
050
104
156
312
312
312
UHS-III
050
104
156
312
624
624
Express
050
104
104
104
104
3,938
Comparison of card speed class ratings[72] · Card speed class ratings
Original
Original
Min speed
Original
Speed Class
UHS
Speed Class
Video
Speed Class
SD Express
Speed Class
SD
Video format
HD
Video format
4K
Video format
8K
2 MB/s
2 MB/s
Min speed
2 MB/s
Speed Class
Class 2 (C2)
Speed Class
—
Speed Class
—
Speed Class
—
Video format
Yes
Video format
No
Video format
No
Video format
No
4 MB/s
4 MB/s
Min speed
4 MB/s
Speed Class
Class 4 (C4)
Speed Class
Yes
6 MB/s
6 MB/s
Min speed
6 MB/s
Speed Class
Class 6 (C6)
Speed Class
Class 6 (V6)
Speed Class
Yes
10 MB/s
10 MB/s
Min speed
10 MB/s
Speed Class
Class 10 (C10)
Speed Class
Class 1 (U1)
Speed Class
Class 10 (V10)
30 MB/s
30 MB/s
Min speed
30 MB/s
Speed Class
—
Speed Class
Class 3 (U3)
Speed Class
Class 30 (V30)
Speed Class
Yes
60 MB/s
60 MB/s
Min speed
60 MB/s
Speed Class
—
Speed Class
Class 60 (V60)
90 MB/s
90 MB/s
Min speed
90 MB/s
Speed Class
Class 90 (V90)
150 MB/s
150 MB/s
Min speed
150 MB/s
Speed Class
—
Speed Class
Class 150 (E150)
300 MB/s
300 MB/s
Min speed
300 MB/s
Speed Class
Class 300 (E300)
450 MB/s
450 MB/s
Min speed
450 MB/s
Speed Class
Class 450 (E450)
600 MB/s
600 MB/s
Min speed
600 MB/s
Speed Class
Class 600 (E600)
Min speed
Speed Class
Video format
Original
UHS
Video
SD Express
SD
HD
4K
8K
2 MB/s
Class 2 (C2)
—
—
—
Yes
No
No
No
4 MB/s
Class 4 (C4)
Yes
6 MB/s
Class 6 (C6)
Class 6 (V6)
Yes
10 MB/s
Class 10 (C10)
Class 1 (U1)
Class 10 (V10)
30 MB/s
—
Class 3 (U3)
Class 30 (V30)
Yes
60 MB/s
—
Class 60 (V60)
90 MB/s
Class 90 (V90)
150 MB/s
—
Class 150 (E150)
300 MB/s
Class 300 (E300)
450 MB/s
Class 450 (E450)
600 MB/s
Class 600 (E600)
· Card speed class ratings › "×" rating
16×
16×
Rating
16×
Approx.(MB/s)
2.34
Comparablespeed class
(13×)
32×
32×
Rating
32×
Approx.(MB/s)
4.69
Comparablespeed class
(27×)
48×
48×
Rating
48×
Approx.(MB/s)
7.03
Comparablespeed class
(40×)
100×
100×
Rating
100×
Approx.(MB/s)
14.6
Comparablespeed class
(67×)
Rating
Approx.(MB/s)
Comparablespeed class
16×
2.34
(13×)
32×
4.69
(27×)
48×
7.03
(40×)
100×
14.6
(67×)
Comparison of Application Performance Class ratings[84] · Performance ratings
Read
Read
Rating
Read
Minimum random IOPS
Write
Class 1 (A1)
Class 1 (A1)
Rating
Class 1 (A1)
Minimum random IOPS
1,500
Minimum random IOPS
500
Minimum sustainedsequential writing
10 MB/s
Class 2 (A2)
Class 2 (A2)
Rating
Class 2 (A2)
Minimum random IOPS
4,000
Minimum random IOPS
2,000
Rating
Minimum random IOPS
Minimum sustainedsequential writing
Read
Write
Class 1 (A1)
1,500
500
10 MB/s
Class 2 (A2)
4,000
2,000
SD compatibility table · Features › Compatibility
SDSC
SDSC
CardSlot
SDSC
SDSC
Partial
SDHC
FAT16, < 4 GB
SDHCUHS
FAT16, < 4 GB
SDXC
No
SDXCUHS
No
SDIO
No
SDHC
SDHC
CardSlot
SDHC
SDSC
Yes
SDHC
Yes
SDHCUHS
In non-UHS mode
SDXC
FAT32
SDXCUHS
FAT32 in non-UHS mode
SDIO
No
SDHC UHS
SDHC UHS
CardSlot
SDHC UHS
SDSC
In non-UHS mode
SDHC
In non-UHS mode
SDHCUHS
In UHS mode
SDXC
FAT32 in non-UHS mode
SDXCUHS
FAT32 in UHS mode
SDIO
No
SDXC
SDXC
CardSlot
SDXC
SDSC
Yes
SDHC
Yes
SDHCUHS
In non-UHS mode
SDXC
Yes
SDXCUHS
In non-UHS mode
SDIO
No
SDXC UHS
SDXC UHS
CardSlot
SDXC UHS
SDSC
In non-UHS mode
SDHC
In non-UHS mode
SDHCUHS
In UHS mode
SDXC
In non-UHS mode
SDXCUHS
In UHS mode
SDIO
No
SDIO
SDIO
CardSlot
SDIO
SDSC
Varies
SDHC
Varies
SDHCUHS
Varies
SDXC
Varies
SDXCUHS
Varies
SDIO
Yes
CardSlot
SDSC
SDHC
SDHCUHS
SDXC
SDXCUHS
SDIO
SDSC
Partial
FAT16, < 4 GB
FAT16, < 4 GB
No
No
No
SDHC
Yes
Yes
In non-UHS mode
FAT32
FAT32 in non-UHS mode
No
SDHC UHS
In non-UHS mode
In non-UHS mode
In UHS mode
FAT32 in non-UHS mode
FAT32 in UHS mode
No
SDXC
Yes
Yes
In non-UHS mode
Yes
In non-UHS mode
No
SDXC UHS
In non-UHS mode
In non-UHS mode
In UHS mode
In non-UHS mode
In UHS mode
No
SDIO
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Yes
SPI bus mode[92] · Technical details › Transfer modes
nCS
nCS
MMCpin
1
SDpin
1
miniSDpin
1
microSDpin
2
Name
nCS
I/O
I
Logic
PP
Description
SPI Card Select [CS] (Negative logic)
DI
DI
MMCpin
2
SDpin
2
miniSDpin
2
microSDpin
3
Name
DI
I/O
I
Logic
PP
Description
SPI Serial Data In [MOSI]
VSS
VSS
MMCpin
3
SDpin
3
miniSDpin
3
Name
VSS
I/O
S
Logic
S
Description
Ground
VDD
VDD
MMCpin
4
SDpin
4
miniSDpin
4
microSDpin
4
Name
VDD
I/O
S
Logic
S
Description
Power
CLK
CLK
MMCpin
5
SDpin
5
miniSDpin
5
microSDpin
5
Name
CLK
I/O
I
Logic
PP
Description
SPI Serial Clock [SCLK]
VSS
VSS
MMCpin
6
SDpin
6
miniSDpin
6
microSDpin
6
Name
VSS
I/O
S
Logic
S
Description
Ground
DO
DO
MMCpin
7
SDpin
7
miniSDpin
7
microSDpin
7
Name
DO
I/O
O
Logic
PP
Description
SPI Serial Data Out [MISO]
NCnIRQ
NCnIRQ
SDpin
8
miniSDpin
8
microSDpin
8
Name
NCnIRQ
I/O
O
Logic
OD
Description
Unused (memory cards)Interrupt (SDIO cards) (negative logic)
NC
NC
SDpin
9
miniSDpin
9
microSDpin
1
Name
NC
Description
Unused
NC
NC
miniSDpin
10
Name
NC
Description
Reserved
NC
NC
miniSDpin
11
Name
NC
Description
Reserved
MMCpin
SDpin
miniSDpin
microSDpin
Name
I/O
Logic
Description
1
1
1
2
nCS
I
PP
SPI Card Select [CS] (Negative logic)
2
2
2
3
DI
I
PP
SPI Serial Data In [MOSI]
3
3
3
VSS
S
S
Ground
4
4
4
4
VDD
S
S
Power
5
5
5
5
CLK
I
PP
SPI Serial Clock [SCLK]
6
6
6
6
VSS
S
S
Ground
7
7
7
7
DO
O
PP
SPI Serial Data Out [MISO]
8
8
8
NCnIRQ
O
OD
Unused (memory cards)Interrupt (SDIO cards) (negative logic)
9
9
1
NC
Unused
10
NC
Reserved
11
NC
Reserved
One-bit SD bus mode[92] · Technical details › Transfer modes
CD
CD
MMCpin
1
SDpin
1
miniSDpin
1
microSDpin
2
Name
CD
I/O
I/O
Description
Card detection (by host) andnon-SPI mode detection (by card)
CMD
CMD
MMCpin
2
SDpin
2
miniSDpin
2
microSDpin
3
Name
CMD
I/O
I/O
Logic
PP,OD
Description
Command,Response
VSS
VSS
MMCpin
3
SDpin
3
miniSDpin
3
Name
VSS
I/O
S
Logic
S
Description
Ground
VDD
VDD
MMCpin
4
SDpin
4
miniSDpin
4
microSDpin
4
Name
VDD
I/O
S
Logic
S
Description
Power
CLK
CLK
MMCpin
5
SDpin
5
miniSDpin
5
microSDpin
5
Name
CLK
I/O
I
Logic
PP
Description
Serial clock
VSS
VSS
MMCpin
6
SDpin
6
miniSDpin
6
microSDpin
6
Name
VSS
I/O
S
Logic
S
Description
Ground
DAT0
DAT0
MMCpin
7
SDpin
7
miniSDpin
7
microSDpin
7
Name
DAT0
I/O
I/O
Logic
PP
Description
SD Serial Data 0
NCnIRQ
NCnIRQ
SDpin
8
miniSDpin
8
microSDpin
8
Name
NCnIRQ
I/O
O
Logic
OD
Description
Unused (memory cards)Interrupt (SDIO cards) (negative Logic)
NC
NC
SDpin
9
miniSDpin
9
microSDpin
1
Name
NC
Description
Unused
NC
NC
miniSDpin
10
Name
NC
Description
Reserved
NC
NC
miniSDpin
11
Name
NC
Description
Reserved
MMCpin
SDpin
miniSDpin
microSDpin
Name
I/O
Logic
Description
1
1
1
2
CD
I/O
Card detection (by host) andnon-SPI mode detection (by card)
2
2
2
3
CMD
I/O
PP,OD
Command,Response
3
3
3
VSS
S
S
Ground
4
4
4
4
VDD
S
S
Power
5
5
5
5
CLK
I
PP
Serial clock
6
6
6
6
VSS
S
S
Ground
7
7
7
7
DAT0
I/O
PP
SD Serial Data 0
8
8
8
NCnIRQ
O
OD
Unused (memory cards)Interrupt (SDIO cards) (negative Logic)
9
9
1
NC
Unused
10
NC
Reserved
11
NC
Reserved
Four-bit SD bus mode[92] · Technical details › Transfer modes
DAT3
DAT3
SDpin
1
miniSDpin
1
microSDpin
2
Name
DAT3
I/O
I/O
Logic
PP
Description
SD Serial Data 3
CMD
CMD
SDpin
2
miniSDpin
2
microSDpin
3
Name
CMD
I/O
I/O
Logic
PP,OD
Description
Command,Response
VSS
VSS
SDpin
3
miniSDpin
3
Name
VSS
I/O
S
Logic
S
Description
Ground
VDD
VDD
SDpin
4
miniSDpin
4
microSDpin
4
Name
VDD
I/O
S
Logic
S
Description
Power
CLK
CLK
SDpin
5
miniSDpin
5
microSDpin
5
Name
CLK
I/O
I
Logic
PP
Description
Serial clock
VSS
VSS
SDpin
6
miniSDpin
6
microSDpin
6
Name
VSS
I/O
S
Logic
S
Description
Ground
DAT0
DAT0
SDpin
7
miniSDpin
7
microSDpin
7
Name
DAT0
I/O
I/O
Logic
PP
Description
SD Serial Data 0
DAT1nIRQ
DAT1nIRQ
SDpin
8
miniSDpin
8
microSDpin
8
Name
DAT1nIRQ
I/O
I/OO
Logic
PPOD
Description
SD Serial Data 1 (memory cards)Interrupt Period (SDIO cards share pin via protocol)
DAT2
DAT2
SDpin
9
miniSDpin
9
microSDpin
1
Name
DAT2
I/O
I/O
Logic
PP
Description
SD Serial Data 2
NC
NC
miniSDpin
10
Name
NC
Description
Reserved
NC
NC
miniSDpin
11
Name
NC
Description
Reserved
MMCpin
SDpin
miniSDpin
microSDpin
Name
I/O
Logic
Description
1
1
2
DAT3
I/O
PP
SD Serial Data 3
2
2
3
CMD
I/O
PP,OD
Command,Response
3
3
VSS
S
S
Ground
4
4
4
VDD
S
S
Power
5
5
5
CLK
I
PP
Serial clock
6
6
6
VSS
S
S
Ground
7
7
7
DAT0
I/O
PP
SD Serial Data 0
8
8
8
DAT1nIRQ
I/OO
PPOD
SD Serial Data 1 (memory cards)Interrupt Period (SDIO cards share pin via protocol)
9
9
1
DAT2
I/O
PP
SD Serial Data 2
10
NC
Reserved
11
NC
Reserved
Card requirements in different bus speed modes[92] · Technical details › Power consumption
HD312
HD312
Bus speedmode
HD312
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
312
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
52
Signalvoltage[V]
0.4
SDSC[W]
–
SDHC[W]
2.88
SDXC[W]
2.88
FD156
FD156
Bus speedmode
FD156
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
156
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
52
Signalvoltage[V]
0.4
SDSC[W]
–
SDHC[W]
2.88
SDXC[W]
2.88
SDR104
SDR104
Bus speedmode
SDR104
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
104
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
208
Signalvoltage[V]
1.8
SDSC[W]
–
SDHC[W]
2.88
SDXC[W]
2.88
SDR50
SDR50
Bus speedmode
SDR50
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
50
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
100
Signalvoltage[V]
1.8
SDSC[W]
–
SDHC[W]
1.44
SDXC[W]
1.44
DDR50
DDR50
Bus speedmode
DDR50
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
50
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
50
Signalvoltage[V]
1.8
SDSC[W]
–
SDHC[W]
1.44
SDXC[W]
1.44
SDR25
SDR25
Bus speedmode
SDR25
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
25
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
50
Signalvoltage[V]
1.8
SDSC[W]
–
SDHC[W]
0.72
SDXC[W]
0.72
SDR12
SDR12
Bus speedmode
SDR12
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
12.5
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
25
Signalvoltage[V]
1.8
SDSC[W]
–
SDHC[W]
0.36
SDXC[W]
0.36 / 0.54
High Speed
High Speed
Bus speedmode
High Speed
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
25
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
50
Signalvoltage[V]
3.3
SDSC[W]
0.72
SDHC[W]
0.72
SDXC[W]
0.72
Default Speed
Default Speed
Bus speedmode
Default Speed
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
12.5
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
25
Signalvoltage[V]
3.3
SDSC[W]
0.33
SDHC[W]
0.36
SDXC[W]
0.36 / 0.54
Bus speedmode
Max. busspeed[MB/s]
Max. clockfrequency[MHz]
Signalvoltage[V]
SDSC[W]
SDHC[W]
SDXC[W]
HD312
312
52
0.4
–
2.88
2.88
FD156
156
52
0.4
–
2.88
2.88
SDR104
104
208
1.8
–
2.88
2.88
SDR50
50
100
1.8
–
1.44
1.44
DDR50
50
50
1.8
–
1.44
1.44
SDR25
25
50
1.8
–
0.72
0.72
SDR12
12.5
25
1.8
–
0.36
0.36 / 0.54
High Speed
25
50
3.3
0.72
0.72
0.72
Default Speed
12.5
25
3.3
0.33
0.36
0.36 / 0.54
History of SD specification versions · Revisions
1.00
1.00
Ver.
1.00
Year
2000
Notable changes
Preliminary specification
Ref.
—
1.01
1.01
Ver.
1.01
Year
2001
Notable changes
Minor updates
1.10
1.10
Ver.
1.10
Year
2006
Notable changes
Official initial release
2.00
2.00
Ver.
2.00
Year
Added SDHC and Speed Classes C2, C4, and C6
3.01
3.01
Ver.
3.01
Year
2010
Notable changes
Added SDXC, UHS-I bus and Speed Class C10/UHS Speed Class U1
4.10
4.10
Ver.
4.10
Year
2013
Notable changes
Added UHS-II bus, UHS Speed Class U3, and enhanced power and function support
5.00
5.00
Ver.
5.00
Year
2016
Notable changes
Added Video Speed Classes V6, V10, V30, V60, and V90
5.10
5.10
Ver.
5.10
Year
Added Application Performance Class A1
6.00
6.00
Ver.
6.00
Year
2017
Notable changes
Added Application Performance Class A2 (with command queuing and write caching) and Card Ownership Protection
7.10
7.10
Ver.
7.10
Year
2020
Notable changes
Added SD Express, microSD Express, SDUC, and made CPRM optional
8.00
8.00
Ver.
8.00
Year
Added PCIe 4.0, added dual-lane PCIe on full-size cards
9.00
9.00
Ver.
9.00
Year
2022
Notable changes
Introduced new security features and enhanced write protection
9.10
9.10
Ver.
9.10
Year
2023
Notable changes
Added SD Express Speed Classes E150, E300, E450, and E600
Ver.
Year
Notable changes
Ref.
1.00
2000
Preliminary specification
—
1.01
2001
Minor updates
1.10
2006
Official initial release
2.00
Added SDHC and Speed Classes C2, C4, and C6
3.01
2010
Added SDXC, UHS-I bus and Speed Class C10/UHS Speed Class U1
4.10
2013
Added UHS-II bus, UHS Speed Class U3, and enhanced power and function support
5.00
2016
Added Video Speed Classes V6, V10, V30, V60, and V90
5.10
Added Application Performance Class A1
6.00
2017
Added Application Performance Class A2 (with command queuing and write caching) and Card Ownership Protection
7.10
2020
Added SD Express, microSD Express, SDUC, and made CPRM optional
8.00
Added PCIe 4.0, added dual-lane PCIe on full-size cards
9.00
2022
Introduced new security features and enhanced write protection
9.10
2023
Added SD Express Speed Classes E150, E300, E450, and E600

References

  1. The necessary recording and playback speed class requirements may vary by device.
  2. See discussion about storage capacity and compatibilities.
  3. CompactFlash uses an electrical interface which is compatible with the obsolete parallel ATA hard disk drive interface.
  4. Some SD-to-USB adapters (card readers) do not fully implement USB mass storage device class or require special drivers.
  5. Standard Capacity SD Memory Card (SDSC): Up to and including 2 GBLEN The memory capacity of the card is computed from th
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  43. Support
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  44. Support
    http://support.microsoft.com/kb/949126
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  46. SD Association
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  47. Microsoft Docs
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  48. "About the SD and SDXC card slots"
    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3553
  49. "Apple released exFAT support in OS X 10.6.5 update"
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  50. "The Initial exFAT Driver Queued For Introduction With The Linux 5.4 Kernel"
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  51. Lofi-Gaming
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  52. Hackaday
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  56. "Bus Speed (Default Speed/ High Speed/ UHS)"
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  68. "SD Association Doubles Bus Interface Speeds with UHS-III"
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  69. Ars Technica
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  71. AnandTech
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  75. Ars Technica
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  77. www.sdcard.org
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  78. "NEW SDXC AND SDHC MEMORY CARDS SUPPORT 4K2K VIDEO"
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  115. "Wells Fargo to Roll Out Mobile Payments Pilot; Visa Demonstrating Capability at CARTES 2010 | Business Wire"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20201014173430/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101206007176/en/Wells-Fargo-Roll-Mobile-Payments-Pilot-Visa
  116. "DeviceFidelity and SpringCard Launch moneto, the World's First Multi-Platform Mobile Wallet for iPhone and Android at CES"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120113083550/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/1/prweb9086910.htm
  117. nfcw.com
    https://www.nfcw.com/2012/09/11/317791/moneto-to-bring-nfc-payments-to-europe/
  118. "Garanti Bank deploys NFC services on microSD"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170202124458/http://www.rfid-ready.com/201403038507/garanti-bank-deploys-nfc-services-on-microsd.html
  119. "DeviceFidelity launches new range of NFC microSD devices"
    http://www.nfcworld.com/2012/10/31/320843/devicefidelity-launches-new-range-of-nfc-microsd-devices/
  120. koolspan.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210127060537/https://koolspan.com/iphone_devicefidelity/
  121. CR80 News
    https://www.cr80news.com/news-item/arizona-students-first-to-trial-mobile-phones-with-nfc-for-door-access/
  122. youtube.com
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4NmYdMAAHU
  123. "AudioHolics"
    http://www.audioholics.com/news/industry-news/sandisk-slotmusic
  124. "slotRadio"
    http://www.sandisk.com/consumer-products/slotradio
  125. The Register
    https://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/07/25/review_sandisk_ultra_ii_sd_plus/
  126. "A-DATA Super Info SD Card 512 MB"
    http://www.techpowerup.com/reviews/AData/ADATASuperInfoSD/
  127. "Understanding SD, SDIO and MMC Interface"
    https://uditagarwal.in/understanding-sd-sdio-and-mmc-interface/
  128. "SDIO / iSDIO Specification Overview"
    https://www.sdcard.org/developers/sd-standard-overview/sdio-isdio/
  129. PCMag
    https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-microsd-cards
  130. Android Central
    https://www.androidcentral.com/inside-marshmallow-adoptable-storage
  131. SD Association
    https://www.sdcard.org/press/thoughtleadership/microsd-memory-cards-and-their-importance-with-smartphones/
  132. "MEAD-SD01 SDHC card adapter (Sony)"
    http://pro.sony.com/bbsc/ssr/micro-xdcamexsite/cat-accessories/product-MEADSD01/
  133. "TS-7800 Embedded"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150215021402/http://www.embeddedarm.com/products/board-detail.php?product=TS-7800
  134. "SIO2SD for 8-bit Atari"
    https://retrohax.net/sio2sd-for-atari/
  135. "Embedded SD"
    http://www.sdcard.org/developers/overview/embedded_sd/
  136. "iNAND Embedded Flash Drives"
    http://www.sandisk.com/business-solutions/inand-embedded-flash-drives
  137. "Linksys WRT54G-TM SD/MMC mod – DD-WRT Wiki"
    http://www.dd-wrt.com/wiki/index.php/Linksys_WRT54G-TM_SD/MMC_mod
  138. Hackaday
    https://hackaday.com/2020/12/29/new-part-day-sd-nand-are-surface-mount-chips-that-work-like-an-sd-card/
  139. bunniestudios.com
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  140. "Gefälschte SD-Karten"
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