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Rwandan genocide

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Rwandan genocide

The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi or the Tutsi genocide, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were systematically killed by Hutu militias. While the Rwandan Constitution states that over 1 million people were killed, most scholarly estimates suggest between 500,000 and 662,000 Tutsi died, mostly men. The genocide was marked by extreme violence, with victims often murdered by neighbours, and widespread sexual violence, with between 250,000 and 500,000 women raped. The genocide was rooted in long-standing ethnic tensions, most recently from the Rwandan Hutu Revolution from 1959 to 1962, which resulted in Rwandan Tutsi fleeing to Uganda due to the ethnic violence that had occurred. Hostilities were then exacerbated further due to the Rwandan Civil War, which began in 1990 when the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a predominantly Tutsi rebel group, invaded Rwanda from Uganda. The war reached a tentative peace with the Arusha Accords in 1993. However, the assassination of President Juvénal Habyarimana on 6 April 1994 ignited the genocide, as Hutu extremists used the power vacuum to target Tutsi and moderate Hutu leaders. Despite the scale of the atrocities, the international community failed to intervene to stop the killings. The RPF resumed military operations in response to the genocide, eventually defeating the government forces and ending the genocide by capturing all government-controlled territory. This led to the flight of the génocidaires and many Hutu refugees into Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), contributing to regional instability and triggering the First Congo War in 1996. The legacy of the genocide remains significant in Rwanda. The country has instituted public holidays to commemorate the event and passed laws criminalizing "genocide ideology" and "divisionism".

Infobox

Location
Rwanda
Date
7 April – 19 July 1994
Target
Tutsi, moderate Hutu, Twa
Attack type
Genocide, mass murder, genocidal rape, ethnic cleansing, pogrom, hate crime
Deaths
500,000 to 662,000 Tutsis 10,000 Twa
Victims
250,000 to 500,000 Tutsi women raped during the genocide.
Perpetrators
mw- Hutu-led government (led by Théoneste Bagosora)Interahamwe (led by Robert Kajuga)Impuzamugambi (led by Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza and Hassan Ngeze)Other militias and gangs financed by Félicien Kabugalocal Hutu extremists
Motive
Anti-Tutsi sentiment, Hutu Power

Tables

Survivors of the Rwandan genocide · Aftermath › Survivors
Very vulnerable survivors
Very vulnerable survivors
Category
Very vulnerable survivors
Number of survivors
120,080
Shelterless
Shelterless
Category
Shelterless
Number of survivors
39,685
Orphans living in households headed by children
Orphans living in households headed by children
Category
Orphans living in households headed by children
Number of survivors
28,904
Widows
Widows
Category
Widows
Number of survivors
49,656
Disabled during the genocide
Disabled during the genocide
Category
Disabled during the genocide
Number of survivors
27,498
Children and youth with no access to school
Children and youth with no access to school
Category
Children and youth with no access to school
Number of survivors
15,438
Graduates from high school with no access to higher education
Graduates from high school with no access to higher education
Category
Graduates from high school with no access to higher education
Number of survivors
8,000
Category
Number of survivors
Very vulnerable survivors
120,080
Shelterless
39,685
Orphans living in households headed by children
28,904
Widows
49,656
Disabled during the genocide
27,498
Children and youth with no access to school
15,438
Graduates from high school with no access to higher education
8,000

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