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Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)

Updated: Wikipedia source

Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)

On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. The resultant conflict is the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II. It is a major escalation of the war between the two countries that began when Russia attacked Ukraine in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thousands of military casualties and tens of thousands of Ukrainian civilian casualties. As of December 2025, Russian troops occupy almost 20% of Ukraine. From a population of 41 million, about 8 million Ukrainians have been internally displaced and 6–7 million have fled the country, creating Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. In late 2021, Russia massed troops near Ukraine's borders and issued demands to the West, including a ban on Ukraine ever joining NATO. After repeatedly denying having plans to attack Ukraine, on 24 February 2022, Russian president Vladimir Putin announced a "special military operation", saying that it was to support the Russian-backed breakaway republics of Donetsk and Luhansk, whose paramilitary forces had been fighting Ukraine in the Donbas War since 2014. Putin espoused irredentist and imperialist views challenging Ukraine's legitimacy as a state, baselessly claimed that the Ukrainian government were neo-Nazis committing genocide against the Russian minority in the Donbas, and said that Russia's goal was to "demilitarise and denazify" Ukraine. Russian air strikes and a ground invasion were launched on a northern front from Belarus towards the capital Kyiv, a southern front from occupied Crimea, and an eastern front from the Donbas towards Kharkiv. Ukraine enacted martial law, ordered a general mobilisation, and severed diplomatic relations with Russia. Russian troops retreated from the north and the outskirts of Kyiv by April 2022, after encountering stiff resistance and logistical challenges. The Bucha massacre was uncovered after their withdrawal. Russia launched an offensive in the Donbas and captured Mariupol after a destructive siege. Russia continued to bomb military and civilian targets far from the front, and struck Ukraine's energy grid during winter months. In late 2022, Ukraine launched successful counteroffensives in the south and east, liberating most of Kharkiv Oblast. Soon after, Russia illegally annexed four partly-occupied provinces. In November, Ukraine liberated the city of Kherson and all land west of the Dnipro river. After small but steady Russian advances in the east in the first half of 2024, Ukraine launched a cross-border offensive into Russia's Kursk Oblast in August, where North Korean soldiers were sent to help Russia. The United Nations Human Rights Office reports that Russia is committing severe human rights violations in occupied Ukraine. The direct cost of the war for Russia has been over US$450 billion. The Russian invasion was met with international condemnation. The United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution condemning the invasion and demanding a full Russian withdrawal. The International Court of Justice ordered Russia to halt military operations and the Council of Europe expelled Russia. Many countries imposed sanctions on Russia and its ally Belarus while providing large-scale humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. Protests occurred around the world, with anti-war protesters in Russia being met by mass arrests and greater media censorship. The Russian attacks on civilians and policies in occupied territories have led to allegations of genocide. War-related disruption to Ukrainian agriculture and shipping contributed to a world food crisis; war-related environmental damage has been described as ecocide. The International Criminal Court (ICC) opened an investigation into crimes against humanity, war crimes, abduction of Ukrainian children, and genocide against Ukrainians. The ICC issued arrest warrants for Putin and five other Russian officials. Peace negotiations have stalled. Russia has repeatedly refused calls for a ceasefire.

Infobox

Date
24 February 2022 – present(3 years, 10 months and 6 days)
Location
Ukraine, Russia, Black Sea
Status
Ongoing (list of engagements · territorial control · timeline of events)

Tables

Confirmed casualties · Casualties
Civilians in Ukraine
Civilians in Ukraine
Col 1
Civilians in Ukraine
Numbers
14,534 killed, 38,472 wounded
Time period
24 February 2022 – 31 October 2025
Source
United Nations (OHCHR)
Russian civilians
Russian civilians
Col 1
Russian civilians
Numbers
394 killed (in Western Russia)
Time period
24 February 2022 – 25 December 2024
Source
7x7
Ukrainian forces
Ukrainian forces
Col 1
Ukrainian forces
Numbers
70,935 killed (incl. non-combat),64,995 missing, 6,087 captured(conf. by names)
Time period
24 February 2022 – 21 May 2025
Source
UALosses project
Russian forces(DPR/LPR excluded)
Russian forces(DPR/LPR excluded)
Col 1
Russian forces(DPR/LPR excluded)
Numbers
152,142 killed (conf. by names)
Time period
24 February 2022 – 28 November 2025
Source
BBC News Russian and Mediazona
Russian forces(Donetsk & Luhansk PR)
Russian forces(Donetsk & Luhansk PR)
Col 1
Russian forces(Donetsk & Luhansk PR)
Numbers
21,000–23,500 killed
Time period
24 February 2022 – 30 September 2024
Source
BBC News Russian
Numbers
Time period
Source
Civilians in Ukraine
14,534 killed, 38,472 wounded
24 February 2022 – 31 October 2025
United Nations (OHCHR)
Russian civilians
394 killed (in Western Russia)
24 February 2022 – 25 December 2024
7x7
Ukrainian forces
70,935 killed (incl. non-combat),64,995 missing, 6,087 captured(conf. by names)
24 February 2022 – 21 May 2025
UALosses project
Russian forces(DPR/LPR excluded)
152,142 killed (conf. by names)
24 February 2022 – 28 November 2025
BBC News Russian and Mediazona
Russian forces(Donetsk & Luhansk PR)
21,000–23,500 killed
24 February 2022 – 30 September 2024
BBC News Russian
Estimated and claimed casualties · Casualties
Ukrainian civilians
Ukrainian civilians
Col 1
Ukrainian civilians
Numbers
12,000 killed (confirmed),16,000+ captive
Time period
24 February 2022 – 17 June 202424 February 2022 – 16 December 2024
Source
Ukraine
2,883 killed, 8,260 wounded(in DPR/LPR areas)
2,883 killed, 8,260 wounded(in DPR/LPR areas)
Col 1
2,883 killed, 8,260 wounded(in DPR/LPR areas)
Numbers
17 February 2022 – 22 December 2024
Time period
DPR and LPR
Russian civilians
Russian civilians
Col 1
Russian civilians
Numbers
621 killed (including Crimea), 789 missing
Time period
24 February 2022 – 19 May 2025
Source
Russia
Ukrainian forces
Ukrainian forces
Col 1
Ukrainian forces
Numbers
80,000 killed, 400,000 wounded
Time period
24 February 2022 – before September 2024
Source
WSJ citing confidentialUkrainian estimate
60,000–100,000 killed, 400,000 wounded
60,000–100,000 killed, 400,000 wounded
Col 1
60,000–100,000 killed, 400,000 wounded
Numbers
24 February 2022 – 26 November 2024
Time period
The Economist estimate
50,000 killed, 380,000 wounded,56,700 missing,8,000 captured
50,000 killed, 380,000 wounded,56,700 missing,8,000 captured
Col 1
50,000 killed, 380,000 wounded,56,700 missing,8,000 captured
Numbers
24 February 2022 – 6 March 202524 February 2022 – 17 February 202524 February 2022 – 30 October 2024
Time period
Ukraine
Russian forces
Russian forces
Col 1
Russian forces
Numbers
1,140,000 killed and wounded
Time period
24 February 2022 – 5 November 2025
Source
UK MoD estimate
191,000–269,000 killed
191,000–269,000 killed
Col 1
191,000–269,000 killed
Numbers
24 February 2022 – 30 May 2025
Time period
BBC News Russian
1,204,510+ killed and wounded,60,000 missing
1,204,510+ killed and wounded,60,000 missing
Col 1
1,204,510+ killed and wounded,60,000 missing
Numbers
24 February 2022 – 28 December 202524 February 2022 – 4 February 2025
Time period
Ukrainian MoD estimateGovernment of Ukraine
DPRK forces
DPRK forces
Col 1
DPRK forces
Numbers
600 killed, 4,100 wounded,2 captured
Time period
14 December 2024 – 30 April 2025
Source
South Korean estimate
Numbers
Time period
Source
Ukrainian civilians
12,000 killed (confirmed),16,000+ captive
24 February 2022 – 17 June 202424 February 2022 – 16 December 2024
Ukraine
2,883 killed, 8,260 wounded(in DPR/LPR areas)
17 February 2022 – 22 December 2024
DPR and LPR
Russian civilians
621 killed (including Crimea), 789 missing
24 February 2022 – 19 May 2025
Russia
Ukrainian forces
80,000 killed, 400,000 wounded
24 February 2022 – before September 2024
WSJ citing confidentialUkrainian estimate
60,000–100,000 killed, 400,000 wounded
24 February 2022 – 26 November 2024
The Economist estimate
50,000 killed, 380,000 wounded,56,700 missing,8,000 captured
24 February 2022 – 6 March 202524 February 2022 – 17 February 202524 February 2022 – 30 October 2024
Ukraine
Russian forces
1,140,000 killed and wounded
24 February 2022 – 5 November 2025
UK MoD estimate
191,000–269,000 killed
24 February 2022 – 30 May 2025
BBC News Russian
1,204,510+ killed and wounded,60,000 missing
24 February 2022 – 28 December 202524 February 2022 – 4 February 2025
Ukrainian MoD estimateGovernment of Ukraine
DPRK forces
600 killed, 4,100 wounded,2 captured
14 December 2024 – 30 April 2025
South Korean estimate

References

  1. In 2022, Belarus allowed Russia to use its territory to launch the invasion and to launch missiles into Ukraine. .mw- Se
  2. See:North Korean involvement in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
  3. Including military, paramilitary, and 34,000 separatist militias.
  4. At least 176 foreign civilians from 25 countries are confirmed to have been killed within Ukraine. See table here for a
  5. See here for a detailed breakdown of civilian deaths by oblast, according to Ukrainian authorities.
  6. Some civilians have been reported to have died in captivity in Russia, like journalist Victoria Roshchyna.
  7. The DPR stated 1,799 of its civilians were killed and 6,902 wounded in its territories between 1 January 2022 and 22 Dec
  8. 63,000 missing as of 17 February 2025. 90 percent of which were thought to be soldiers, which would be around 56,700.
  9. In addition, Ukraine claimed six North Korean soldiers were killed in a missile strike in early October 2024, while figh
  10. Most likely, new cities meant new industrial cities in Siberia, the construction plans of which were announced by Shoigu
  11. "Ukraine says it was attacked through Russian, Belarus and Crimea borders"
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  12. "Troops and military vehicles have entered Ukraine from Belarus"
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  13. BBC
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  112. "How to end Russia's war on Ukraine: Safeguarding Europe's future, and the dangers of a false peace"
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  113. France 24
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  114. BBC News
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  115. The Guardian
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  117. Kyiv Post
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  118. Sky News
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  119. Bloomberg News
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  120. Politico
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  121. France 24
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  122. www.ft.com
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  123. BBC News
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  124. Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
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  125. Meduza
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  126. The Kyiv Independent
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  127. The Spectator
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  128. BBC News
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  129. Time
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  130. Reuters
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  131. A Cosmopolitan Model for Peacebuilding: The Ukrainian Cases of Crimea and the Donbas
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  133. Institute for the Study of War
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  134. Politico
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  135. USNI News
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  136. University of Hull
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  137. The Guardian
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  138. Interfax-Ukraine
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  139. USA Today
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  140. Center for Strategic & International Studies
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  141. NBC News
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  142. Associated Press News
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  143. "NATO chief says Putin still wants to control all of Ukraine, despite repositioning forces to the eastern Donbas region"
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  144. Stars and Stripes
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  145. The New York Times
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  146. The Guardian
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  147. Bloomberg
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  148. 19fortyfive.com
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  149. Al Jazeera
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  150. The Washington Post
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  151. The Daily Telegraph
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  152. Politico
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  153. Financial Times
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  154. "Live updates: Zelenskyy declines US offer to evacuate Kyiv"
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  155. The Washington Post
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  156. "'A family died ... in front of my eyes': Civilians killed as Russian military strike hits evacuation route in Kyiv suburb"
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  157. "Bucha, Vorzel, Hostomel under enemy's control, situation remains critical"
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  158. ""Irpin can't be bought, Irpin fights": Mayor refuses Russian demand to surrender"
    https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-08-22#h_e09d49888fcb2a07b8f1a95d6f2b0faa
  159. "Stalled 40-mile-long Russian convoy near Kyiv now largely dispersed, satellite images show"
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  160. The Wall Street Journal
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  161. The Wall Street Journal
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  162. Reuters
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  163. BBC News
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  164. The Guardian
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  165. BBC News
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  166. The Kyiv Independent
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  167. The Washington Post
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  168. Ukrainska Pravda
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  169. "Ukraine loses control over crossing to Kherson"
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  170. Reuters
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  171. The New York Times
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  172. "Ukrainian defenders repelled attack on Mykolaiv city, fighting continues on outskirts"
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  173. National Post
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  174. "Battle ongoing near Mariupol – mayor"
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  175. "Ukrainians claim to have destroyed large Russian warship in Berdyansk"
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  176. "Rossiyskaya voyennaya tekhnika zanyala territoriyu byvshego aeroporta "Berdyansk" – gorsovet" Российская военная техника заняла территорию бывшего аэропорта "Бердянск" – горсовет
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  177. NEXTA [@nexta_tv]
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  178. "Russian-backed separatist leader expects his forces to surround Mariupol on Tuesday"
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  179. The Guardian
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  180. "Ukraine refuses to surrender Mariupol as scope of human toll remains unclear"
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  181. The Hill
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  182. BBC News
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  183. UN News
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  184. Foreign Policy
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  185. The Washington Post
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  186. The Guardian
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  187. "Russia says first phase of Ukraine operation mostly complete, focus now on Donbass"
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  188. The Straits Times
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  189. "Video analysis reveals Russian attack on Ukrainian nuclear plant veered near disaster"
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  190. "The fight for Sloviansk may be 'the next pivotal battle' of Russia's war in Ukraine"
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  191. Radio New Zealand News
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  193. "US official briefs on Russia's war effort"
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  194. CBS News Videos via Yahoo News
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  196. Reuters
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  197. BBC News
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  198. Люди, стрелявшие в наших отцов
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  200. Ukrainska Pravda
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  201. Forbes
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  203. Associated Press News
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  204. Reuters
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  205. Yahoo News
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  206. Reuters
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  207. The Daily Telegraph
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  208. NPR
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  209. The Guardian
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  210. Yahoo News
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  211. Bloomberg News
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  213. The Guardian
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  214. Reuters
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  215. Reuters
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  216. USA Today
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  217. NBC News
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  218. USA Today
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  219. The Washington Post
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  220. Axios
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  221. Reuters
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  222. "Ukraine war: Russian assault on key Donbas city intensifies"
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  223. The Australian
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  224. The Guardian
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  225. Rivista Italiana Difesa
    https://www.rid.it/shownews/4938
  226. Yahoo News
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  227. NBC News
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  228. The Washington Post
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  229. Al Jazeera
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/4/fighting-rages-in-two-key-eastern-ukrainian-cities
  230. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61773356
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  232. The New York Times
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  233. UPI
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  234. CNN
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  235. CBS News
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  236. The Guardian
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  237. Al Jazeera
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  238. "Mariupol steelworks shelling resumes as doctors describe dire bunker conditions"
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  239. Reuters
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  240. France 24
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  241. Reuters
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  242. "Growing concern about Zaporizhzya NPP sparks international diplomacy"
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  243. "UK, US Set Ultimatum Against Russia Due To Provocations At Zaporizhzhia NPP"
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  244. Ukrainska Pravda
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  245. Russian offensive campaign assessment, September 6
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  246. The New York Times
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  247. France 24
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  248. gazetapl
    https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/7,114881,28935390,ukraina-odpowiada-na-oredzie-wladimira-putina-rosjanie-dostali.html
  249. CNBC
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  250. Financial Times
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  251. BBC News
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  252. CNN
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  253. Reuters
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  254. NBC News
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  255. The Kyiv Independent
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  256. Tagesschau
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  257. BBC News
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  258. Reuters
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  259. The Guardian
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  260. The New York Times
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  599. Our World in Data
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  612. "Only the Establishment of a Just Peace and Holding the Aggressor to Account will Stop Russia's War Crimes in Ukraine – a Separate Discussion on the Humanitarian Dimension of the War Was Held at the Peace Summit"
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  613. "Over 16,000 Ukrainian civilians held captive in Russia – Ukraine's ombudsman"
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  614. "Обзор социально-гуманитарной ситуации, сложившейся на территории Донецкой Народной Республики вследствие военных действий в период с 24 по 30 декабря 2022 г."
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  620. The Economist
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  621. The New Voice of Ukraine
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  622. The Kyiv Independent
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  623. France 24
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  624. USNEWS
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  625. The New York Times
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  626. UK Defence Journal
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  627. Ukrainska Pravda
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  628. Moscow Times
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  632. The Guardian
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  633. BBC News
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  634. The New York Times
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  635. Ukraine
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  636. The Guardian
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  637. Cluster Munition Monitor 2022
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  638. Main Directorate of Intelligence of Ukraine
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  640. ukraine.un.org
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  641. Reuters
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  642. OHCHR
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  644. BBC News
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  645. The Washington Post
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  646. OHCHR
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  648. Associated Press
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  649. Forbes
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  650. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
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  651. The Daily Telegraph
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  652. Yale School of Medicine
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  663. Reuters
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  664. Institute for the Study of War
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  684. UNESCO
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  686. "Salvaging Ukraine's culture: Country's history & language under threat"
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  687. The Guardian
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  689. the Guardian
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  715. NPR
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