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Rubber hose animation

Updated: Wikipedia source

Rubber hose animation

Rubber hose animation was the first animation style that became standardized in the American animation industry field. The defining feature of the style is "rubber-hose limbs"—arms, and sometimes legs, that are typically drawn as flowing curves, without articulation (no hinged knees or elbows). This style makes most moving animated objects exhibit a curving motion, resembling the physical properties of a rubber hose. The most famous examples of this style are Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Mickey Mouse, Popeye, Betty Boop, and Felix the Cat. While the rubber hose art style fell out of fashion by the late 1930s, it has experienced a renewed interest since the early 2010s.

References

  1. John K. Stuff
    http://johnkstuff.blogspot.com/2006/04/help-me-do-some-rubber-hose-crap.html
  2. Animated Performance: Bringing Imaginary Animal, Human and Fantasy Characters to Life
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  3. Manila Bulletin
    https://mb.com.ph/2025/08/07/betty-boops-enduring-charm-dances-through-the-decades
  4. John K. Stuff
    http://johnkstuff.blogspot.com/2006/04/2-types-of-cartoonists-origin-of_26.html
  5. "Rubber hose animation explained: examples and techniques"
    https://www.adobe.com/uk/creativecloud/animation/discover/rubber-hose-animation.html
  6. Global Toy News
    https://globaltoynews.com/2020/12/29/felix-the-cat-was-a-star-then-as-now-there-were-knock-offs/
  7. Animation and the American Imagination
    https://books.google.com/books?id=3P58DQAAQBAJ&q=history+of+rubber+hose+animation%2F&pg=PA30
  8. AWN
    https://www.awn.com/animationworld/dr-toon-creation-evolution-intelligent-design
  9. Animation
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  10. Choice Reviews Online
    https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.32-4401
  11. "Tales From Ward K: Of Rubber Hoses and Fred Moore"
    https://animationguildblog.blogspot.com/2006/09/tales-from-ward-k-of-rubber-hoses-and.html?m=1
  12. The Conversation
    https://theconversation.com/snow-white-at-80-disney-may-be-flawed-but-we-are-still-in-thrall-to-its-cartoon-magic-88883
  13. Joystiq
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140107032950/http://www.joystiq.com/2014/01/04/1930s-cartoon-inspired-cuphead-targeting-late-2014-launch-on-pc/
  14. Animation Magazine
    https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/creating-a-rubber-hose-wonderland-for-the-cuphead-show/
  15. Joystiq
    http://www.joystiq.com/2014/01/04/1930s-cartoon-inspired-cuphead-targeting-late-2014-launch-on-pc/
  16. EW
    http://www.ew.com/article/2013/08/09/disney-animation-d23/
  17. EW
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141101042014/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/08/22/old-school-mickey-mouse-gets-future-shock-in-get-a-horse-first-look/
  18. Los Angeles Times
    http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-disney-animation-releases-new-mickey-mouse-short-20130422,0,6394201.story
  19. EW
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141101042014/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/08/22/old-school-mickey-mouse-gets-future-shock-in-get-a-horse-first-look/
  20. TV by the Numbers
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170811144552/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/mickey-mouse-to-star-in-all-new-cartoon-shorts-with-classic-comedy-contemporary-flair/173209/
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