Topzle Topzle

Roswell incident

Updated: Wikipedia source

Roswell incident

The Roswell incident is the name given to a series of events in 1947 which began when debris from a military balloon was recovered near Roswell, New Mexico. This later became the basis for conspiracy theories alleging that the United States military recovered a crashed extraterrestrial spacecraft. The balloon was operated from the nearby Alamogordo Army Air Field and part of the top secret Project Mogul, a program intended to detect Soviet nuclear tests. After metallic and rubber debris was recovered by Roswell Army Air Field personnel, the United States Army announced their possession of a "flying disc". This announcement made international headlines, but was retracted within a day. To obscure the purpose and source of the debris, the army reported that it was a conventional weather balloon. In 1978, retired Air Force officer Jesse Marcel revealed that the army's weather balloon claim had been a cover story, and speculated that the debris was of extraterrestrial origin. Popularized by the 1980 book The Roswell Incident, this speculation became the basis for long-lasting and increasingly complex and contradictory UFO conspiracy theories, which over time expanded the incident to include governments concealing evidence of extraterrestrial beings, grey aliens, multiple crashed flying saucers, alien corpses and autopsies, and the reverse engineering of extraterrestrial technology, none of which have any factual basis. In the 1990s, the United States Air Force published multiple reports which established that the incident was related to Project Mogul, and not debris from a UFO. Despite this and a general lack of evidence, many UFO proponents claim that the Roswell debris was in fact derived from an alien craft, and accuse the US government of a cover-up. The conspiracy narrative has become a trope in science fiction literature, film, and television. The town of Roswell promotes itself as a destination for UFO-associated tourism.

Infobox

Date
June 4 – July 10, 1947
Location
Lincoln County, New Mexico, US
Coordinates
mw- 33°57′01″N 105°18′51″W / 33.95028°N 105.31417°W / 33.95028; -105.31417

Tables

Roswell incident development · Explanations › Roswell as modern myth and folklore
Documented historical events
Documented historical events
Col 1
Documented historical events
Debris
Foil Sticks Durable paper Rubber strips
Site
Found near Corona, New Mexico on Brazel's ranch
Bodies
None
Aztec hoax
Aztec hoax
Col 1
Aztec hoax
Debris
Super-strong metal Alien writing Crashed spaceship
Site
Crashed near Aztec, New Mexico
Bodies
16 small humanoid alien corpses in crashed saucer
Roswell Incident (1980)
Roswell Incident (1980)
Col 1
Roswell Incident (1980)
Debris
Super-strong lightweight metal sheets Alien writing
Site
Struck by lightning near Alamagordo, New Mexico Crashed on the Plains of San Agustin
Bodies
Small humanoid alien corpses near San Agustin
Majestic 12 hoax
Majestic 12 hoax
Col 1
Majestic 12 hoax
Debris
Pieces of a "short-range reconnaissance craft" Alien writing
Site
Exploded north-west of Roswell Scattered debris over a large area
Bodies
4 badly decomposed humanoid corpses near Roswell
UFO Crash at Roswell (1991)
UFO Crash at Roswell (1991)
Col 1
UFO Crash at Roswell (1991)
Debris
Super-strong lightweight metal sheets Alien writing
Site
Crashed once near Corona, New Mexico on Brazel's ranch Crashed completely 2 miles southeast of Brazel's ranch
Bodies
4 decomposed and partially eaten humanoid corpses near Roswell
Crash at Corona (1992)
Crash at Corona (1992)
Col 1
Crash at Corona (1992)
Debris
Super-strong lightweight metal sheets Alien writing
Site
Landed once near Corona, New Mexico on Brazel's ranch Exploded near Corona, New Mexico
Bodies
4 humanoid corpses in escape pods near Roswell 3 humanoid corpses near San Agustin 1 surviving extraterrestrial humanoid near San Agustin
Roswell in Perspective (1994)
Roswell in Perspective (1994)
Col 1
Roswell in Perspective (1994)
Debris
Fragments with symbols Super-strong lightweight metal sheets A narrow craft with "bat-like wings" north of Roswell
Site
Landed once near Corona, New Mexico, on Brazel's ranch Struck a cliff 35 miles north of Roswell
Bodies
3 humanoid corpses north of Roswell 1 living humanoid pilot north of Roswell
The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell (1994)
The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell (1994)
Col 1
The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell (1994)
Debris
Super-strong lightweight metal sheets An intact craft with "bat-like wings"
Site
Landed once near Corona, New Mexico on Brazel's ranch Crashed once near Brazel's ranch Crashed completely into cliff north of Roswell
Bodies
3 humanoid corpses in the craft 1 surviving extraterrestrial in the craft
Debris
Site
Bodies
Documented historical events
Foil Sticks Durable paper Rubber strips
Found near Corona, New Mexico on Brazel's ranch
None
Aztec hoax
Super-strong metal Alien writing Crashed spaceship
Crashed near Aztec, New Mexico
16 small humanoid alien corpses in crashed saucer
Roswell Incident (1980)
Super-strong lightweight metal sheets Alien writing
Struck by lightning near Alamagordo, New Mexico Crashed on the Plains of San Agustin
Small humanoid alien corpses near San Agustin
Majestic 12 hoax
Pieces of a "short-range reconnaissance craft" Alien writing
Exploded north-west of Roswell Scattered debris over a large area
4 badly decomposed humanoid corpses near Roswell
UFO Crash at Roswell (1991)
Super-strong lightweight metal sheets Alien writing
Crashed once near Corona, New Mexico on Brazel's ranch Crashed completely 2 miles southeast of Brazel's ranch
4 decomposed and partially eaten humanoid corpses near Roswell
Crash at Corona (1992)
Super-strong lightweight metal sheets Alien writing
Landed once near Corona, New Mexico on Brazel's ranch Exploded near Corona, New Mexico
4 humanoid corpses in escape pods near Roswell 3 humanoid corpses near San Agustin 1 surviving extraterrestrial humanoid near San Agustin
Roswell in Perspective (1994)
Fragments with symbols Super-strong lightweight metal sheets A narrow craft with "bat-like wings" north of Roswell
Landed once near Corona, New Mexico, on Brazel's ranch Struck a cliff 35 miles north of Roswell
3 humanoid corpses north of Roswell 1 living humanoid pilot north of Roswell
The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell (1994)
Super-strong lightweight metal sheets An intact craft with "bat-like wings"
Landed once near Corona, New Mexico on Brazel's ranch Crashed once near Brazel's ranch Crashed completely into cliff north of Roswell
3 humanoid corpses in the craft 1 surviving extraterrestrial in the craft

References

  1. The Roswell material has been attributed to a top secret military balloon by astrophysicist Adam Frank, historian Lt Col
  2. The MJ-12 organization is given several similar names. The Shandera document called it "Majestic-12 (Majic-12)". Pratt a
  3. They are: Roswell Incident (1980), the Majestic 12 hoax, UFO Crash at Roswell (1991), Crash at Corona (1992), Roswell in
  4. Olmsted 2009, pp. 183–184
  5. Baker 2024
  6. Goldberg 2001, pp. 214–215
  7. Frazier 2017a
  8. "New Mexico" 1947, pp. 1, 4
  9. Clancy 2007, pp. 92–93
  10. Frank 2023, p. 510
  11. Olmsted 2009, p. 183
  12. Kottmeyer 2017, p. 172
  13. Peebles 1994, p. 246
  14. How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
    https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf
  15. Pflock 2001, p. 96
  16. Klass 1997b, pp. 35–36
  17. Campbell 2005, pp. 61, 56, 111
  18. Klass 1997b, pp. 18–19
  19. Clarke 2015, pp. 36–37
  20. Weaver & McAndrew 1995, p. 23
  21. Pflock 2001, p. 29
  22. Pflock 2001, p. 27
  23. "Exploded Rumor" 1947, p. 1
  24. "Flying Disc" 1947, p. 1
  25. Goldberg 2001, pp. 192–193
  26. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 9
  27. "AAF" 1947, p. 1
  28. McAndrew 1997, p. 8 cites: "Harassed Rancher" 1947, p. C-1: "The balloon which held it up, if that was how it worked, mu
  29. Clancy 2007, p. 93
  30. Klass 1997b, p. 20
  31. Pflock 2001, p. 88
  32. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 178
  33. Korff 1997a, pp. 153–154
  34. Pflock 2001, pp. 150–151
  35. Kloor 2019, p. 21
  36. Charles 1947, p. 1
  37. Korff 1997a, pp. 249–251
  38. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 12
  39. "Aliens" 2005, p. 1
  40. Wright 1998, p. 39
  41. Weeks 2015, ch. 17
  42. "Twin Falls" 1947, p. 9
  43. Peebles 1994, pp. 33, 251
  44. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 13
  45. Peebles 1994, p. 251
  46. Peebles 1994, pp. 166, 205, 245
  47. Goldberg 2001, pp. 208, 253–255
  48. Olmsted 2009, pp. 173, 184
  49. Harding & Stewart 2003, p. 273
  50. Severson 1952
  51. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 13–14
  52. Clarke 2015, ch. 13
  53. Peebles 1994, pp. 48–50, 251
  54. Peebles 1994, pp. 242, 251
  55. Smith 2000, p. 99
  56. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 14, 42
  57. Levy & Mendlesohn 2019, p. 136
  58. McAndrew 1997, pp. 84–85
  59. Nickell & McGaha 2012, p. 33
  60. Fuller 1966, pp. 87–88
  61. Smith 2000, p. 82
  62. Peebles 1994, pp. 242, 321
  63. Peebles 1994, p. 244
  64. Disch 2000, pp. 53–54
  65. "Air Force" 1974
  66. Jones 1974, p. 1
  67. Erdmann & Block 2000, p. 287
  68. Bullard 2016, p. 331
  69. Carr 1997, p. 32
  70. "The Roswell Files" 1997, p. 69
  71. Peebles 1994, pp. 247–248
  72. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 16
  73. Frank 2023, pp. 520–529
  74. Klass 1997b, p. 67
  75. Gildenberg 2003, p. 65
  76. Pratt 1980, p. 8
  77. Pflock 2001, p. 285
  78. Korff 1997a, pp. 65–66
  79. "UFO Coverup" 1980
  80. "Roswell Author" 2013
  81. Korff 1997a, p. 26
  82. Klass 1997b, pp. 118–119
  83. Sagan 1997, p. 82
  84. Goldberg 2001, pp. 195–196
  85. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 45
  86. Goldberg 2001, p. 195
  87. Klass 1997b, p. 10
  88. Klass 1997b, p. 186
  89. Goldberg 2001, p. 193
  90. Korff 1997b
  91. Pflock 2001, p. 82
  92. "Aliens" 2005, p. 2
  93. May 2016, p. 68
  94. Olmsted 2009, p. 184
  95. Goldberg 2001, p. 197
  96. Frank 2023, p. 534
  97. Olmsted 2009, p. 184
  98. Berlitz & Moore 1980, p. 28: "Nor did they mention a great quantity of highly unusual wreckage, much of it metallic in n
  99. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 14–17
  100. Peebles 1994, pp. 248, 249
  101. Goldberg 2001, p. 196
  102. Pflock 2001, p. 119
  103. Korff 1997a, p. 39
  104. Berlitz & Moore 1980, p. 47: "In his apparent haste to get into print, Scully placed the area of the crash near Aztec, i
  105. Klass 1997b, p. 24
  106. Berlitz & Moore 1980, p. 75
  107. Pflock 2001, p. 170
  108. Berlitz & Moore 1980, p. 86
  109. Klass 1997b, p. 120
  110. Berlitz & Moore 1980, p. 62: "Perhaps some of the most important testimony in the matter of the crashed disc comes from
  111. Ricketts 2011, p. 249
  112. Gildenberg 2003, p. 66
  113. Korff 1997a, pp. 62–68
  114. Pflock 2001, p. 193
  115. Blum 1990, p. 284
  116. Moore & Pratt 2007, p. MP-18
  117. Peebles 1994, pp. 258–259
  118. Gulyas 2014, ch.5
  119. Pflock 2001, pp. 193–194
  120. Goldberg 2001, p. 213
  121. Peebles 1994, pp. 258–259: "The official US Government Policy and results of Project Aquarius is still classified top se
  122. Pflock 2001, p. 199, fn. 9
  123. Peebles 1994, p. 259
  124. Moore & Pratt 2007, p. MP-9: "Yeah, that's true and if we go beyond that we are really going beyond the realm of what we
  125. Korff 1997a, p. 170
  126. Blum 1990, p. 240
  127. May 2016, pp. 68–69
  128. Gulyas 2016
  129. Kloor 2019, p. 53
  130. Goldberg 2001, pp. 207, 214
  131. Korff 1997a, p. 171
  132. Sagan 1997, p. 88
  133. Peebles 1994, p. 266
  134. Goldberg 2001, p. 206
  135. Korff 1997a, p. 172
  136. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 19
  137. Korff 1997a, pp. 50, 94
  138. McAndrew 1997, p. 75
  139. Korff 1997a, p. 88
  140. Smith 2000, p. 7
  141. "Legend: Roswell" 1994
  142. Rich 1994
  143. Klass 1997b, ch. 8
  144. Klass 1997b, pp. 146, 150
  145. Pflock 2001, pp. 131–134
  146. Klass 1997b, pp. 191–192
  147. Pflock 2001, p. 127
  148. Dunning 2007
  149. Klass 1997a, p. 5
  150. Peebles 1994, p. 271
  151. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 24
  152. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 24–25
  153. Yardley 2019
  154. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 20
  155. Goldberg 2001, p. 199
  156. Pflock 2001, pp. 176–177
  157. Pflock 2001, p. 36
  158. Thompson 1991, p. 84
  159. Pflock 2001, p. 34
  160. Randle & Schmitt 1991, p. 206
  161. Pflock 2001, p. 33
  162. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 21–22
  163. Goldberg 2001, p. 204
  164. Friedman & Berliner 1997, p. 132
  165. Korff 1997a, p. 43
  166. Friedman & Berliner 1997, p. 12
  167. Pflock 2001, p. 175
  168. Randle & Schmitt 1994
  169. Randle & Schmitt 1994, p. 155
  170. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 25
  171. Klass 1997b, pp. 97, 109
  172. Klass 1997b, p. 108
  173. Klass 1997b, pp. 107–108
  174. Korff 1997a, pp. 97–98
  175. Randle & Schmitt 1994, p. 180
  176. Klass 1997b, p. 99
  177. Klass 1997b, p. 148
  178. Korff 1997a, p. 100
  179. Goldberg 2001, pp. 214–215, 227–228
  180. Frazier 2017b, pp. 12–15
  181. Dept. of Air Force 1994, "Executive Summary", "Balloon Research"
  182. Clarke 2015, p. 152
  183. Clarke 2015, p. 153
  184. "Aliens" 2005, p. 3
  185. Goldberg 2001, p. 225
  186. Pflock 2001, pp. 152–155
  187. Klass 1997b, pp. 117–122
  188. Klass 1997b, pp. 16–17: "Eighth Air Force, telephonically advised this office that an object purporting to be a flying d
  189. abcnews.go.com
    https://abcnews.go.com/US/video/june-24-1997-us-air-forces-releases-roswell-48012802
  190. Broad 1997, p. A3
  191. Levy & Mendlesohn 2019, p. 32
  192. Lavery, Hague & Cartwright 1996, p. 17
  193. Goldberg 2001, p. 219
  194. Korff 1997a, pp. 203–204
  195. Frank 2023, p. 1101
  196. Korff 1997a, pp. 212–213
  197. Korff 1997a, p. 213
  198. Frank 2023, p. 1109
  199. Lagerfield 2016
  200. Knight 2013, p. 50
  201. Frank 2023, p. 1117
  202. Ricketts 2011, p. 250
  203. Clarke 2015, p. 151
  204. Pflock 2001, p. 204
  205. Corso & Birnes 1997, pp. 27, 32–34
  206. Klass 1998, pp. 1–5
  207. Klass 1998, p. 1
  208. Smith 2000, p. 56
  209. Goldberg 2001, p. 227
  210. Clarke 2015, ch. 6, para. 13
  211. Pflock 2001, pp. 204, 207
  212. Gerhart & Groer 1997
  213. Pflock 2001, pp. 207–208
  214. Gulyas 2014, ch. 9, paras. 34–50
  215. Harding 2011
  216. Norris & Richelson 2011
  217. Rhodes 2011
  218. Carpenter 2017
  219. Neale 2020, pp. 1A, 8A, 9A
  220. Young 2020, p. 27
  221. McAndrew, Hukle & Costello 1997
  222. Frank 2023, p. 622
  223. Kloor 2019, p. 52
  224. Joseph 2008, p. 132
  225. Gildenberg 2003, p. 73
  226. Broad 1997, p. 18
  227. Pflock 2001, p. 223
  228. Korff 1997a, p. 248
  229. Weaver & McAndrew 1995, pp. 27–30
  230. Gildenberg 2003, pp. 62–72
  231. Weaver & McAndrew 1995, p. 160
  232. Gulyas 2014
  233. Huyghe 2001, p. 133: "Edward Doty, a meteorologist who established the Air Force's Balloon Branch at nearby Holloman Air
  234. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 27
  235. Weaver & McAndrew 1995, p. 167
  236. Weaver & McAndrew 1995, p. 28
  237. Weaver & McAndrew 1995, p. 11
  238. Weaver & McAndrew 1995, p. 316
  239. McAndrew 1997, pp. 35–36
  240. Korff 1997a, p. 70
  241. Pflock 2001, p. 118
  242. Korff 1997a, ch. 3, pp. 92, 104–105
  243. Gildenberg 2003, p. 70
  244. McAndrew 1997, pp. 65, 72
  245. Gildenberg 2003, p. 71
  246. Nickell & McGaha 2012, pp. 31–33
  247. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, p. 34
  248. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 34, 36
  249. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 1, 34–37
  250. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 4–6
  251. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 16–17
  252. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 18–19
  253. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 20–21
  254. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 22–24
  255. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 25–26
  256. Saler, Ziegler & Moore 1997, pp. 24–26
  257. Siegler & Baker 2021
  258. Ricketts 2011, p. 248
  259. Ricketts 2011, p. 253
  260. Ricketts 2011, pp. 251–252
  261. Ricketts 2011, pp. 250, 253
  262. Clancy 2007, p. 94
  263. Clarke 2015, ch. 6
  264. Conway 2012
  265. Handlen 2013
  266. "Top 5" 2013
  267. LeMay 2008, p. 7
  268. Gulyas 2016, p. 84
  269. Carey & Schmitt 2020, p. 184
  270. Klaver 2012, p. 149
  271. Frost & Laing 2013, pp. 53–54
  272. Beeler 2010, pp. 219, 214
  273. Cordero 2022
  274. Smith 2000, dustjacket, introduction
  275. Handlen 2015
  276. Meehan 2023, p. 8
  277. Ebert 2011
  278. Goldberg 2001, pp. 223–225
  279. Kopan 2014
  280. Clarke 2015, ch. 6, paras. 17–19
  281. Simmons 2015
  282. Diaz 2020
  283. Madhani 2020
Image
Source: —
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.