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Roscoe Conkling

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Roscoe Conkling

Roscoe Conkling (October 30, 1829 – April 18, 1888) was an American lawyer and Republican politician who represented New York in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. He was a leader of the Republican Stalwart faction and a dominant figure in the United States Senate during the 1870s. As senator, his control of patronage at the New York Customs House, one of the busiest commercial ports in the world, made him very powerful. His comity with President Ulysses S. Grant and conflict with Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes and James A. Garfield were defining features of American politics of the 1870s and 1880s. He also participated, as a member of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, in the drafting of the landmark Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Conkling publicly led opposition to proposals for civil service reform, which he called "snivel service reform," and defended the prerogatives of senators in appointments. His conflict with President Garfield over appointments eventually led to Conkling's resignation in 1881. He ran for reelection in an attempt to display his support from the New York political machine and his power, but lost the special election, during which Garfield was assassinated. Though Conkling never returned to elected office, the assassination elevated Chester A. Arthur, a former New York Collector and Conkling ally, to the presidency. Their relationship was destroyed when Arthur pursued civil service reform, out of his sense of duty to the late President Garfield. Conkling remained active in politics and practiced law in New York City until his death in 1888. Conkling turned down two presidential appointments to the United States Supreme Court: first to the position of Chief Justice in 1873 and then as an associate justice in 1882. In 1882, Conkling was confirmed by the Senate but declined to serve. Conkling, who was temperate and detested tobacco, was known for his physical condition, maintained through regular exercise and boxing, an unusual hobby for his time.

Infobox

Preceded by
Calvert Comstock
Succeeded by
Samuel B. Garvin
Constituency
20th district
Born
(1829-10-30)October 30, 1829Albany, New York, U.S.
Died
April 18, 1888(1888-04-18) (aged 58)New York City, New York, U.S.
Resting place
Forest Hill CemeteryUtica, New York, U.S.
Political party
Whig (before 1854)Republican (1854–1888)
Spouse
Julia Seymour
Parent(s)
Alfred ConklingEliza Cockburn
Relatives
Frederick A. Conkling (brother)Alfred Conkling Coxe Sr. (nephew)
Party
Whig (before 1854)Republican (1854–1888)

Tables

· External links
Party political offices
Party political offices
U.S. House of Representatives
Party political offices
Preceded byIra Harris
Preceded byIra Harris
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded byIra Harris
U.S. House of Representatives
Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from New York(Class 3) 1867, 1873, 1879
U.S. House of Representatives
Succeeded byChauncey Depew
Succeeded byThomas Platt
Succeeded byThomas Platt
U.S. House of Representatives
Succeeded byThomas Platt
U.S. Senate
U.S. Senate
U.S. House of Representatives
U.S. Senate
Preceded byIra Harris
Preceded byIra Harris
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded byIra Harris
U.S. House of Representatives
U.S. Senator (Class 3) from New York 1867–1881 Served alongside: Edwin Morgan, Reuben Fenton, Francis Kernan, Thomas Platt
U.S. House of Representatives
Succeeded byElbridge Lapham
House of Representatives
Preceded byOrsamus Matteson
Member of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom New York's 20th congressional district 1859–1863
Succeeded byAmbrose Clark
Preceded byFrancis Kernan
Member of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom New York's 21st congressional district 1865–1867
Succeeded byAlexander Bailey
Party political offices
Preceded byIra Harris
Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from New York(Class 3) 1867, 1873, 1879
Succeeded byChauncey Depew
Succeeded byThomas Platt
Senate
Preceded byIra Harris
Senator (Class 3) from New York 1867–1881 Served alongside: Edwin Morgan, Reuben Fenton, Francis Kernan, Thomas Platt
Succeeded byElbridge Lapham

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  155. George William Curtis was the lone New York delegate to oppose Conkling's nomination; he supported Benjamin Bristow.
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