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Romania

Updated: Wikipedia source

Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft). Bucharest is the country's capital, largest urban area, and financial centre. Other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, Constanța and Brașov. Settlement in the territory of modern Romania began in the Lower Paleolithic, later becoming the Dacian Kingdom before Roman conquest and Romanisation. The modern Romanian state was formed in 1859 with the unification of Moldavia and Wallachia under Alexandru Ioan Cuza, becoming the Kingdom of Romania in 1881 under Carol I of Romania. Romania gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877, formalised by the Treaty of Berlin. After World War I, Transylvania, Banat, Bukovina, and Bessarabia joined the Old Kingdom, forming Greater Romania, which reached its largest territorial extent. In 1940, under Axis pressure, Romania lost territories to Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union. Following the 1944 Romanian coup d'état, Romania switched sides to join the Allies. After World War II, it regained Northern Transylvania through the Paris Peace Treaties. Under Soviet occupation, King Michael I was forced to abdicate, and Romania became a socialist republic and Warsaw Pact member. After the uniquely violent Romanian revolution in December 1989, Romania began a transition to liberal democracy and a market economy. Romania is a developing country with a high-income economy. It is a unitary republic with a multi-party system and a semi-presidential representative democracy. It is home to 11 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Romania is a net exporter of automotive and vehicle parts worldwide and has established a growing reputation as a technology centre, with some of the fastest internet speeds globally. Romania is a member of several international organisations, including the European Union, NATO, and the BSEC.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Bucharest 44°25′N 26°06′E / 44.417°N 26.100°E / 44.417; 26.100
Official languages
Romanian
Ethnic groups (2021)
mw- 89.3% Romanians6.0% Hungarians3.4% Roma1.2% others
Religion (2021)
mw- li 84.7% Christianity 73.6% Romanian Orthodoxy 6.4% Protestantism 4.4% Catholicism 0.2% other Christian 0.8% no religion0.4% other13.9% unanswered
Demonym
Romanian
Government
Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President
Nicușor Dan
• Prime Minister
Ilie Bolojan
• President of the Senate
Mircea Abrudean
• President of the Chamber of Deputies
Sorin Grindeanu
Legislature
Parliament
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
Chamber of Deputies
• Principality of Wallachia
1330
• Principality of Moldavia
1346
• United Principalities
24 January 1859
• Independence from the Ottoman Empire
10 May 1877
• Constitutional monarchy
13 March 1881
• Great Union
1 December 1918
• Socialist republic
30 December 1947
• Current constitution
8 December 1991
• Total
$422.508 billion (39th)
• Water (%)
3
• 2025 estimate
19,036,031 (65th)
• 2021 census
19,053,815
• Density
79.9/km2 (206.9/sq mi) (136th)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$22,436 (54th)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2024)
28.0 } }low inequality
HDI (2023)
0.845very high (55th)
Currency
Romanian leu (RON)
Time zone
UTC 2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 3 (EEST)
Date format
dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
Calling code
40
ISO 3166 code
RO
Internet TLD
ro

Tables

· Politics › Administrative divisions
Nord-Vest
Nord-Vest
Development region
Nord-Vest
Area (km2)
34,152
Population (2021)
2,521,793
Most populous urban centre*
Cluj-Napoca (411,379)
Centru
Centru
Development region
Centru
Area (km2)
34,097
Population (2021)
2,271,067
Most populous urban centre*
Brașov (369,896)
Nord-Est
Nord-Est
Development region
Nord-Est
Area (km2)
36,853
Population (2021)
3,226,436
Most populous urban centre*
Iași (382,484)
Sud-Est
Sud-Est
Development region
Sud-Est
Area (km2)
35,774
Population (2021)
2,367,987
Most populous urban centre*
Constanța (425,916)
Sud – Muntenia
Sud – Muntenia
Development region
Sud – Muntenia
Area (km2)
34,469
Population (2021)
2,864,339
Most populous urban centre*
Ploiești (276,279)
București - Ilfov
București - Ilfov
Development region
București - Ilfov
Area (km2)
1,803
Population (2021)
2,259,665
Most populous urban centre*
Bucharest (2,272,163)
Sud-Vest Oltenia
Sud-Vest Oltenia
Development region
Sud-Vest Oltenia
Area (km2)
29,207
Population (2021)
1,873,607
Most populous urban centre*
Craiova (356,544)
Vest
Vest
Development region
Vest
Area (km2)
32,042
Population (2021)
1,668,921
Most populous urban centre*
Timișoara (384,809)
Development region
Area (km2)
Population (2021)
Most populous urban centre*
Nord-Vest
34,152
2,521,793
Cluj-Napoca (411,379)
Centru
34,097
2,271,067
Brașov (369,896)
Nord-Est
36,853
3,226,436
Iași (382,484)
Sud-Est
35,774
2,367,987
Constanța (425,916)
Sud – Muntenia
34,469
2,864,339
Ploiești (276,279)
București - Ilfov
1,803
2,259,665
Bucharest (2,272,163)
Sud-Vest Oltenia
29,207
1,873,607
Craiova (356,544)
Vest
32,042
1,668,921
Timișoara (384,809)

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  296. "IMO team record"
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  297. "Romania's brains rank first in Europe, 10th in the world after Math Olympiad"
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  300. "Galerie foto: Cum arată noul spital Colţea, după o investiţie de 90 de milioane de dolari"
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  304. "Mihai Eminescu"
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  306. Nichita Stănescu, The Angel with a Book in His Hands
  307. "Brancusi's 'Bird in Space' Sets World Auction Record for Sculpture at $27,456,000"
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  310. "George Enescu, the composer"
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  311. "Sounds Like Canada feat. Gheorghe Zamfir"
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  312. "Gheorghe Zamfir, master of the pan pipe"
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  313. "Inna Biography"
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  317. "Paula Seling despre rezultatul la Eurovision 2010: "Mai bine de atât nu se putea!""
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  337. "Țuica production consumed 75% of Romanian plums in 2003"
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  339. "Beer consumption per capita in 2008"
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  340. "Football's impact in the Romanian economy reaches EUR 740 million annually, FRF estimates show"
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  351. "Fuziunea Farul – Viitorul, anunțată oficial! Gică Hagi revine pe bancă. Ce nume va avea noua echipă"
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  356. Sport.ro
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