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Romani people

Updated: Wikipedia source

Romani people

The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani ( ROH-mə-nee or ROM-ə-nee), colloquially known as the Roma (sg.: Rom), are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle. Linguistic and genetic evidence suggests that the Romani originated in the Indian subcontinent; in particular, the region of present-day Rajasthan. Their subsequent westward migration, possibly in waves, is now believed by historians to have occurred around 1000 CE. Their original name is from the Sanskrit word डोम (doma) and means a member of a Dalit caste of travelling musicians and dancers. The Roma population moved west into the Persian Ghaznavid Empire and later into the Byzantine Empire. The Roma arrived in Europe around the 13th to 14th century. Although they are dispersed, their most concentrated populations are located in Europe, especially central, eastern, and southern Europe (notably southern France), as well as western Asia (mainly in Turkey and Iran). In the English language, the Romani are widely known by the exonym Gypsies (or Gipsies), which is considered a pejorative by some Romani due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity as well as its historical use as a racial slur. In the United Kingdom, the term Gypsies is preferred by some of the English and Welsh Romanies, and is used to refer to them in official documentation. The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Romani, including Gypsy. Since the 19th century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas. There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States and 800,000 in Brazil, most of whose ancestors emigrated in the 19th century from eastern Europe. Brazil also includes a notable Romani community descended from deportees from the Portuguese Empire during the Portuguese Inquisition. In migrations since the late 19th century, Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and Canada. Though often confused with Irish Travellers and the Yenish people in western Europe, the Romani are culturally different. The Romani language is an Indo-Aryan language with strong Balkan and Greek influence. It is divided into several dialects, which together are estimated to have more than two million speakers. Because the language has traditionally been oral, many Romani are native speakers of the dominant language in their country of residence, or else of mixed languages combining the dominant language with a dialect of Romani in varieties sometimes called para-Romani.

Infobox

United States
1 million estimated with Romani ancestry[a]
Brazil
800,000 (0.4%)
Spain
750,000–1.5 million (1.5–3.7%)
Romania
569,500–1.85 million (3.4–8.32%)
Turkey
500,000–2.75 million (0.57–3.2%)
Bulgaria
325,343[b]–750,000 (4.9–10.3%)
Hungary
309,632[c]–870,000 (3.21–9%)
France
300,000–1.2 million (0.21%)
Argentina
300,000[d]
United Kingdom
225,000 (0.4%)
Russia
205,007[e]–825,000 (0.6%)
Serbia
131,936[f]
Italy
120,000–180,000 (0.3%)
Greece
111,000–300,000 (2.7%)
Germany
105,000 (0.1%)
Slovakia
105,738[g]–490,000 (2.1–9%)
Albania
9,813 (2023 census)
Iran
2,000–110,000
North Macedonia
46,433 (2.53%)
Sweden
50,000–100,000
Ukraine
47,587[h]–260,000 (0.6%)
Portugal
52,000 (0.5%)
Austria
40,000–50,000 (0.6%)
Kosovo
36,000[i] (2%)
Netherlands
32,000–40,000 (0.2%)
Poland
17,049[e]–32,500 (0.1%)
Croatia
16,975[e]–35,000 (0.8%)
Mexico
15,850
Chile
15,000–20,000
Finland
10,000–12,000 est. (0.2%)
Moldova
9,323[e]–20,000
Bosnia and Herzegovina
8,864[e]–58,000 (1.5%)
Colombia
2,649–8,000
Belarus
7,316[e]–47,500 (0.5%)
Latvia
7,193[e]–12,500 (0.6%)
Canada
5,255–80,000
Montenegro
5,629
Czech Republic
5,199[j]–40,370[e] (Romani speakers)–250,000 (1.9%)
Australia
5,000–25,000
Slovenia
3,246
Lithuania
2,571
Denmark
5,500
Ireland
22,435
Georgia
1,200
Belgium
30,000
Cyprus
1,250
Switzerland
25,000–35,000

Tables

· South Asian origin › Linguistic evidence
1
1
LanguagesNumbers
1
Romani
ekh, jekh
Domari
yika
Lomavren
yak, yek
Sanskrit
éka
Hindi
ēk
Odia
ēkå
Sinhala
eka
2
2
LanguagesNumbers
2
Romani
duj
Domari
Lomavren
lui
Sanskrit
dvá
Hindi
Odia
dui
Sinhala
deka
3
3
LanguagesNumbers
3
Romani
trin
Domari
tærən
Lomavren
tərin
Sanskrit
trí
Hindi
tīn
Odia
tini
Sinhala
thuna/thri
4
4
LanguagesNumbers
4
Romani
štar
Domari
štar
Lomavren
išdör
Sanskrit
catvā́raḥ
Hindi
cār
Odia
cāri
Sinhala
hathara/sathara
5
5
LanguagesNumbers
5
Romani
pandž
Domari
pandž
Lomavren
pendž
Sanskrit
páñca
Hindi
pā̃c
Odia
pāñcå
Sinhala
paha
6
6
LanguagesNumbers
6
Romani
šov
Domari
šaš
Lomavren
šeš
Sanskrit
ṣáṭ
Hindi
chaḥ
Odia
chåå
Sinhala
haya/saya
7
7
LanguagesNumbers
7
Romani
ifta
Domari
xaut
Lomavren
haft
Sanskrit
saptá
Hindi
sāt
Odia
sātå
Sinhala
hata/satha
8
8
LanguagesNumbers
8
Romani
oxto
Domari
xaišt
Lomavren
hašt
Sanskrit
aṣṭá
Hindi
āṭh
Odia
āṭhå
Sinhala
ata
9
9
LanguagesNumbers
9
Romani
inja
Domari
na
Lomavren
nu
Sanskrit
náva
Hindi
nau
Odia
nåå
Sinhala
nawaya
10
10
LanguagesNumbers
10
Romani
deš
Domari
des
Lomavren
las
Sanskrit
dáśa
Hindi
das
Odia
dåśå
Sinhala
dahaya
20
20
LanguagesNumbers
20
Romani
biš
Domari
wīs
Lomavren
vist
Sanskrit
viṃśatí
Hindi
bīs
Odia
kōṛiē
Sinhala
wissa
100
100
LanguagesNumbers
100
Romani
šel
Domari
saj
Lomavren
saj
Sanskrit
śata
Hindi
sau
Odia
såhē
Sinhala
siiya/shathakaya
LanguagesNumbers
Romani
Domari
Lomavren
Sanskrit
Hindi
Odia
Sinhala
1
ekh, jekh
yika
yak, yek
éka
ēk
ēkå
eka
2
duj
lui
dvá
dui
deka
3
trin
tærən
tərin
trí
tīn
tini
thuna/thri
4
štar
štar
išdör
catvā́raḥ
cār
cāri
hathara/sathara
5
pandž
pandž
pendž
páñca
pā̃c
pāñcå
paha
6
šov
šaš
šeš
ṣáṭ
chaḥ
chåå
haya/saya
7
ifta
xaut
haft
saptá
sāt
sātå
hata/satha
8
oxto
xaišt
hašt
aṣṭá
āṭh
āṭhå
ata
9
inja
na
nu
náva
nau
nåå
nawaya
10
deš
des
las
dáśa
das
dåśå
dahaya
20
biš
wīs
vist
viṃśatí
bīs
kōṛiē
wissa
100
šel
saj
saj
śata
sau
såhē
siiya/shathakaya

References

  1. 5,400 per 2000 census.
  2. This is a census figure. Some 736,981 (10% of the population) did not declare any ethnicity. There was not any option fo
  3. This is a census figure. There was an option to declare multiple ethnicities, so this figure includes Roma of multiple b
  4. Approximate estimate.
  5. This is a census figure.
  6. This is a census figure from 2022 (2% percent of the population). Some 136,198 (2.1% of the population) did not declare
  7. This is a census figure. Some 408,777 (7.5% of the population) did not declare any ethnicity. There was not any option f
  8. This is a census figure. Less than 1% of the population did not declare any ethnicity.
  9. This is a census figure including Romani, Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians.
  10. This is a census figure. Some 25% of the population did not declare any ethnicity.
  11. The Welsh language alphabet lacks the letter k.
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