Topzle Topzle

Rock paper scissors

Updated: Wikipedia source

Rock paper scissors

Rock paper scissors (also known by several other names and word orders) is an intransitive hand game, usually played between two people, in which each player simultaneously forms one of three shapes with an outstretched hand. These shapes are "rock" (a closed fist: ✊), "paper" (a flat hand: ✋), and "scissors" (a fist with the index finger and middle finger extended, forming a V: ✌️). The earliest form of a "rock paper scissors"-style game originated in China and was subsequently imported into Japan, where it reached its modern standardized form, before being spread throughout the world in the early 20th century. A simultaneous, zero-sum game, it has three possible outcomes: a draw, a win, or a loss. A player who decides to play rock will beat another player who chooses scissors ("rock crushes scissors" or "breaks scissors" or sometimes "blunts scissors"), but will lose to one who has played paper ("paper covers rock"); a play of paper will lose to a play of scissors ("scissors cuts paper"). If both players choose the same shape, the game is tied, but is usually replayed until there is a winner. Rock paper scissors is often used as a fair choosing method between two people, similar to coin flipping, drawing straws, or throwing dice in order to settle a dispute or make an unbiased group decision. Unlike truly random selection methods, however, rock paper scissors can be played with some degree of skill by recognizing and exploiting non-random behavior in opponents.

Infobox

Genres
Hand game
Players
2 (or more)
Setup time
None
Playing time
seconds
Chance
High

Tables

"pierre, papier, ciseaux, puits"; + means that the row player "beats", − means "is beaten" and O means tie · Variations › Additional weapons
stone
stone
OpponentRowplayer
stone
stone
O
paper
scissors
+
well
Optimal strategy forthe row player
0 {\displaystyle 0}
paper
paper
OpponentRowplayer
paper
stone
+
paper
O
scissors
well
+
Optimal strategy forthe row player
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}
scissors
scissors
OpponentRowplayer
scissors
stone
paper
+
scissors
O
well
Optimal strategy forthe row player
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}
well
well
OpponentRowplayer
well
stone
+
paper
scissors
+
well
O
Optimal strategy forthe row player
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}
OpponentRowplayer
stone
paper
scissors
well
Optimal strategy forthe row player
stone
O
+
0 {\displaystyle 0}
paper
+
O
+
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}
scissors
+
O
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}
well
+
+
O
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}
Rock-Paper-Scissors-Spock-Lizard; + means that the row player "beats", − means "is beaten" and O means tie · Variations › Additional weapons
rock
rock
OpponentRowplayer
rock
rock
O
paper
scissors
+
Spock
lizard
+
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
paper
paper
OpponentRowplayer
paper
rock
+
paper
O
scissors
Spock
+
lizard
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
scissors
scissors
OpponentRowplayer
scissors
rock
paper
+
scissors
O
Spock
lizard
+
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
Spock
Spock
OpponentRowplayer
Spock
rock
+
paper
scissors
+
Spock
O
lizard
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
lizard
lizard
OpponentRowplayer
lizard
rock
paper
+
scissors
Spock
+
lizard
O
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
OpponentRowplayer
rock
paper
scissors
Spock
lizard
Optimal strategyfor row player
rock
O
+
+
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
paper
+
O
+
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
scissors
+
O
+
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
Spock
+
+
O
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
lizard
+
+
O
1 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{5}}}
Rock-Paper-Scissors-Fire-Water; + means that the row player "beats", − means "is beaten" and O means tie · Variations › Additional weapons
rock
rock
OpponentRowplayer
rock
rock
O
paper
scissors
+
fire
water
+
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 9 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}
paper
paper
OpponentRowplayer
paper
rock
+
paper
O
scissors
fire
water
+
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 9 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}
scissors
scissors
OpponentRowplayer
scissors
rock
paper
+
scissors
O
fire
water
+
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 9 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}
fire
fire
OpponentRowplayer
fire
rock
+
paper
+
scissors
+
fire
O
water
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}
water
water
OpponentRowplayer
water
rock
paper
scissors
fire
+
water
O
Optimal strategyfor row player
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}
OpponentRowplayer
rock
paper
scissors
fire
water
Optimal strategyfor row player
rock
O
+
+
1 9 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}
paper
+
O
+
1 9 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}
scissors
+
O
+
1 9 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{9}}}
fire
+
+
+
O
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}
water
+
O
1 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{3}}}

References

  1. World Rock Paper Scissors Association
    https://wrpsa.com/the-official-history-of-rock-paper-scissors/
  2. Rock, Paper, Scissors: Game Theory in Everyday Life
    https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780465009381
  3. Rock, paper, scissors: game theory in everyday life
    https://archive.org/details/rockpaperscissor00fish_354
  4. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27228416
  5. "Game Basics"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120114215304/http://www.rpschamps.com/templates/j15_rps/images/propaganda/faq/game-basics/
  6. San Francisco Chronicle
    https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/03/16/BA251812.DTL
  7. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/nov/24/1
  8. wrpsa.com
    https://wrpsa.com/the-origins-and-evolution-of-rock-paper-scissors-a-history-of-the-game/
  9. news.bbc.co.uk/
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4521589.stm
  10. www.wikihow.com
    https://www.wikihow.com/Video/Play-Rock,-Paper,-Scissors
  11. Kidspot
    https://www.kidspot.com.au/news/aussies-debate-the-correct-way-to-play-scissors-paper-rock/news-story/e34273406f9d44687d964f478693d807
  12. Radio New Zealand
    https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/467118/rock-paper-scissors-winner-fast-fingered-champ-takes-home-1000-prize#:~:text=%22In%20NZ%2C%20you%20usually%20say,scissors%20last%2C%20you%20throw%20scissors.
  13. "Te Wiki o te Reo Māori 2020 | Ko Tā te Rangatira Kai, He Kōrero"
    https://view.genial.ly/5f582534c8db0e0d72759a70/interactive-image-te-wiki-o-te-reo-maori-2020-or-ko-ta-te-rangatira-kai-he-krero
  14. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chifoumi
    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chifoumi
  15. 『奄美方言分類辞典』上巻
    https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B000J8V5WU
  16. Mental Floss
    https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/80201/why-do-people-call-rock-paper-scissors-roshambo
  17. teachinghistory.org
    https://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/23932
  18. https://blogs.cornell.edu/info2040/2016/09/16/rock-paper-scissors-how-social-networks-can-affects-mixed-strategies/comme
    https://blogs.cornell.edu/info2040/2016/09/16/rock-paper-scissors-how-social-networks-can-affects-mixed-strategies/comment-page-1/
  19. Introduction to the game industry
  20. Senri Ethnological Studies
    https://hdl.handle.net/10502%2F750
  21. Ceremony and Ritual in Japan
  22. The Culture of Japan as Seen through Its Leisure
  23. Introduction to Japanese culture
    https://archive.org/details/introductiontoja00dani/page/44
  24. Ken no bunkashi
  25. Jan Ken Po: The World of Hawaii's Japanese Americans
  26. Mims on the Move
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200728170214/http://www.myseoulsearching.com/2009/11/kai-bai-bo.html
  27. Sydney Morning Herald
  28. Washington Herald
  29. The Times
  30. The Times
  31. Gerard Fairlie, Scissors Cuts Paper, Hodder and Stoughton, (1927)
  32. Hildegard G. Frey, The Campfire Girls Go Motoring, A. L. Burt Company, (1916)
  33. Hildegard G. Frey, The Campfire Girls Larks and Pranks, A. L. Burt Company, (1917)
  34. La Vie au patronage
  35. 'New York Times', May 22, 1932 - The New York Times Magazine, article by Marion May Dilts: "COMMUTING WITH TOKYO'S SUBUR
  36. Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia, 1933, Volume 7, p. 194. F. E. Compton & Company, Chicago
  37. "Rock Paper Scissors Programming Competition"
    http://www.rpscontest.com/
  38. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27228416
  39. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/science/rock-paper-scissors.html
  40. "First International RoShamBo Programming Competition"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110810213237/http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~darse/rsb-results1.html
  41. "Second International RoShamBo Programming Competition"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110807090758/http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~darse/rsbpc.html
  42. Steve Vockrodt, "Student rivals throw down at rock, paper, scissors tournament" Archived 2007-04-28 at the Wayback Machi
    http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2007/apr/08/student_rivals_throw_down_rock_paper_scissors_tour/
  43. Michael Y. Park, "Rock, Paper, Scissors, the Sport", Fox News, 20 March 2006. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
    https://www.foxnews.com/story/rock-paper-scissors-the-sport
  44. "Iocaine Powder Explained"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110723203327/http://www.ofb.net/~egnor/iocaine.html
  45. "Rock Paper Scissors Programming Competition entry: DNA werfer 5 L500"
    http://www.rpscontest.com/entry/109010
  46. "Rock Paper Scissors Programming Competition entry: sixth-order markov chain"
    http://www.rpscontest.com/entry/34014
  47. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/technology/video/2012/jun/27/rock-paper-scissors-robot-video
  48. The University of Tokyo
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180112100934/http://www.k2.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/fusion/Janken/index-e.html
  49. "Play muk-zzi-ppa! The upgraded rock-paper-scissors"
    https://www.hancinema.net/play-muk-zzi-ppa-the-upgraded-rock-paper-scissors-30907.html
  50. "How rock paper scissors is played around Asia"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20211125013142/https://medium.com/kontinentalist/how-rock-paper-scissors-is-played-around-asia-46d1d8c93be3
  51. Den of Geek
    https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/squid-game-season-2-new-and-returning-games/
  52. Screen Realm
    https://screenrealm.com/squid-game-how-to-play-rock-paper-scissors-minus-one-video-gong-yoo/
  53. The Official Rock paper Scissors Strategy Guide
    https://archive.org/details/officialrockpape00walk/page/140
  54. Facebook
    https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/119573194818796/2686746394768117
  55. Knucklebones
    https://fortheloveofplay.wordpress.com/2010/11/16/after-another-short-break-not-much-equipment-games-returns-bear-hunter-ninja/
  56. Inklings
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141223063418/http://seanthorenson.wordpress.com/2010/05/26/ninja-hunter-bear/
  57. "Pigs Don't Fly by Zac Martin - Digital Marketing & Entrepreneurship: + Bear Hunter Ninja"
    http://www.pigsdontfly.com/2008/04/bear-hunter-ninja.html
  58. arXiv
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.11241
  59. Graphical Enumeration
    https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0357214
  60. Proceedings of the International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221539739
  61. Game Theory and Exercises
  62. "RPSx"
    http://www.umop.com/rps.htm
  63. Bettencourt, Rebecca G.
    http://www.kreativekorp.com/miscpages/rps/
  64. "Original Rock-Paper-Scissors-Spock-Lizard Page"
    http://www.samkass.com/theories/RPSSL.html
  65. The Times
    https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/asia-travel/japan/and-paper-scissors-5pz9q0xkxct
  66. Lorre, Chuck
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180730080428/https://www.cbs.com/shows/big_bang_theory/video/926519421/the-big-bang-theory-rock-paper-scissors-lizard-spock/
  67. AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009LNCS.5883..476T
  68. Sinervo, Barry
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190211132220/http://bio.research.ucsc.edu/~barrylab/lizardland/male_lizards.overview.html
  69. Barry Sinervo on the 7th Avenue Project Radio Show
    http://7thavenueproject.com/post/451026680/barry-sinervo-lizards-and-evolution
  70. Nature
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Natur.418..171K
  71. BMC Microbiology
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3583141
  72. Nature
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Natur.428..412K
  73. Physical Review E
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1012.0276
  74. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3415908
  75. The American Naturalist
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ANat..178E.162B
  76. Physical Review E
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.1790
  77. "Atherton, K. D. (2013). A brief history of the demise of battle bots. Popular science"
    http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-06/elaborate-history-how-wedges-ruined-battlebots
  78. The Seattle Times
    http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003052251_game10.html
  79. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/09/us/09judge.html
  80. "Order of the court: Avista Management vs. Wausau Underwriters Insurance Co"
    https://money.cnn.com/2006/06/07/magazines/fortune/judgerps_fortune/index.htm
  81. Art/Auctions logo, Impressionist & Modern Art, Christie's, 7 pm, May 4, 2005, Sale 1514 Archived January 27, 2008, at th
    http://www.thecityreview.com/s05cimp1.html
  82. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/29/arts/design/29scis.html
  83. Deadspin
    https://deadspin.com/soccer-ref-suspended-three-weeks-for-using-rock-paper-s-1830446662
  84. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/av/science-environment-40946194/chimps-can-play-rock-paper-scissors
  85. Understanding video games: the essential introduction
  86. "Pokemon Go type chart - type strength, weakness and effectiveness for Pokemon battles explained - VG247"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180304233524/https://www.vg247.com/2017/06/26/pokemon-go-type-chart-strength-weakness-effectiveness-type-pokemon-battles-explained/
  87. Inverse
    https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/rock-paper-scissors-not-sports
  88. Time for Kids
    https://www.timeforkids.com/g56/playing-to-win-2/
  89. Time for Kids
    https://www.timeforkids.com/g2/play-to-win/
  90. Podchaser
    https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/keyshawn-jwill-zubin-130990/episodes/hour-3-ken-whitey-watson-30520248
  91. "About Us | The World Rock Paper Scissors Association"
    https://www.wrpsa.com/about/
  92. The Washington Times
    https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/dec/10/20041210-120729-4008r/
  93. All Things Considered
    https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1477870
  94. CBS News
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rock-paper-scissors-a-sport/
  95. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/news/offbeat/2003-10-27-rock-paper_x.htm
  96. "Rock, Paper, Scissors, the Sport"
    https://www.foxnews.com/story/rock-paper-scissors-the-sport
  97. World RPS society
    https://web.archive.org/web/20060315203450/http://www.worldrps.com/index.php?option=com_gallery2&Itemid=30
  98. "HAND JIVE - 13 June 2005"
    https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/06/13/8262549/index.htm
  99. "World RPS Society - 2004 Champion Lee Rammage crushes a pair of Scissors"
    http://www.stanley-paul.com/index.php?option=com_gallery2&Itemid=30&g2_view=core.ShowItem&g2_itemId=16
  100. canoe.com
    https://archive.today/20120708095757/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/WeirdNews/2007/10/15/4577669-sun.html
  101. "World RPS Society World Championships"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20181116124058/http://worldrps.com/world-championships/
  102. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/devon/8072439.stm
  103. World Rock Paper Scissors Association
    https://wrpsa.com/our-team/
  104. "Belfast man tops world at rock, paper, scissors | Irish Examiner"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120515220959/http://www.irishexaminer.com/breaking/ireland/mhqlojkfidsn/
  105. "Home"
    http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com.au/world-records/3000/largest-tournament-of-rock-paper-scissors
  106. USARPS Leagues
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110717175551/http://www.usarps.com/tourney-info/roshs-blog/article/view/master-roshs-analysis-of-the-final-match/97/
  107. NY Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/14/world/americas/14iht-rock.1.5699920.html
  108. ESPN.com
    https://www.espn.com/espn/print?id=2540622&type=blogEntry
  109. "The REAL championship at the World Series of Poker"
    https://www.pokernews.com/news/2005/06/the-real-championship-wsop.htm
  110. "WSOP Schedule Whiplash"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090805211211/http://news.pokerpages.com/index.php?option=com_simpleblog&task=view&id=86
  111. "EXCLUSIVE COVERAGE: Roshambo — The Rematch"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090805095547/http://pokerworks.com/blogs/craigsjournal/2006/07/27/exclusive-coverage-roshambo-the-rematch/
  112. "Eat Bulaga: Judy Ann Santos, tinalo ang kapatid sa Jackpot en Poy | Eat Bulaga | TV | GMA Entertainment - Online Home of Kapuso Shows and Stars - Video"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170306211900/http://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/tv/eat_bulaga/57015/eat-bulaga-judy-ann-santos-tinalo-ang-kapatid-sa-jackpot-en-poy/video/
  113. Rappler
    https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/165186-ph-senators-eat-bulaga
  114. philstar.com
    http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2017/03/20/1682731/happily-resettled-back-home
Image
Source:
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.