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Rise of Neville Chamberlain

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Rise of Neville Chamberlain

The early life, business career and political rise of Neville Chamberlain culminated on 28 May 1937, when he was summoned to Buckingham Palace to "kiss hands" and accept the office of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Chamberlain had long been regarded as Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin's political heir, and when Baldwin announced his retirement, Chamberlain was seen as the only possible successor. Chamberlain was born in 1869; his father was the politician and future Cabinet minister, Joseph Chamberlain. He was educated at Rugby School and Mason College (now Birmingham University); at neither institution was he particularly successful. After a period in a firm of chartered accountants, the younger Chamberlain spent six years in the Bahamas managing a sisal plantation in a failed attempt to recoup the family fortunes. After returning to England in 1897, Chamberlain became a successful businessman in his home city of Birmingham. He was interested in social affairs, and successfully stood for Birmingham City Council in 1911. He became Lord Mayor of Birmingham in 1915. His second term was interrupted in December 1916 when Prime Minister David Lloyd George asked him to become Director of National Service. Chamberlain received little support from Lloyd George in the post, and his eight-month tenure sparked a hatred between the two which lasted Chamberlain's lifetime. In 1918, Chamberlain was elected to the House of Commons, at age 49 the oldest man at that time to enter Parliament and later become prime minister. After four years on the backbenches, Chamberlain saw rapid promotion, briefly becoming Chancellor of the Exchequer after less than a year as a minister. Chamberlain subsequently spent five years as Minister of Health, securing the passage of many reforming acts. After two years in opposition, Chamberlain became part of Ramsay MacDonald's National Government, and spent five and a half years as chancellor, directing Britain's financial policies as the nation emerged from the Depression. When Baldwin (who had replaced MacDonald as prime minister in 1935) retired in 1937, Chamberlain succeeded him.

Infobox

Born
Arthur Neville Chamberlain(1869-03-18)18 March 1869Edgbaston, Birmingham, England
Died
9 November 1940(1940-11-09) (aged 71)Heckfield, Hampshire, England
Resting place
Westminster Abbey
Alma mater
Mason College
Occupations
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Political party
Conservative
Spouse
mw- Anne de Vere Cole (m. 1911)
Children
2
Father
Joseph Chamberlain
Preceded by
Frederick Kellaway
Succeeded by
William Joynson-Hicks
Political offices
Political offices Prime Minister of the United KingdomIn office28 May 1937 – 10 May 1940MonarchGeorge VIPreceded byStanley BaldwinSucceeded byWinston ChurchillLeader of the Conservative PartyIn office27 May 1937 – 9 October 1940Preceded byStanley BaldwinSucceeded byWinston ChurchillChairman of the Conservative PartyIn office1930–1931Preceded byJ. C. C. DavidsonSucceeded byThe Lord StonehavenChancellor of the ExchequerIn office5 November 1931 – 28 May 1937Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonaldStanley BaldwinPreceded byPhilip SnowdenSucceeded bySir John SimonIn office27 August 1923 – 22 January 1924Prime MinisterStanley BaldwinPreceded byStanley BaldwinSucceeded byPhilip SnowdenMinister of HealthIn office25 August 1931 – 5 November 1931Prime MinisterRamsay MacDonaldPreceded byArthur GreenwoodSucceeded byHilton YoungIn office6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929Prime MinisterStanley BaldwinPreceded byJohn WheatleySucceeded byArthur GreenwoodIn office7 March 1923 – 27 August 1923Prime MinisterBonar LawStanley BaldwinPreceded bySir Arthur Griffith-BoscawenSucceeded byWilliam Joynson-HicksPaymaster GeneralIn office5 February 1923 – 7 March 1923Prime MinisterBonar LawPreceded byTudor WaltersSucceeded byWilliam Joynson-HicksPostmaster GeneralIn office31 October 1922 – 5 February 1923Prime MinisterBonar LawPreceded byFrederick KellawaySucceeded byWilliam Joynson-Hicks
Monarch
George VI
Prime Minister
Bonar Law

Tables

General election 1918: Birmingham Ladywood (new seat)[143] · Parliamentary election results
Majority
Majority
Party
Majority
Party
6,833
Candidate
50.5
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
13,529
Candidate
40.6
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Conservative
Neville Chamberlain
9,405
69.5
Labour
John Kneeshaw
2,572
19.0
Liberal
Margery Corbett Ashby
1,552
11.5
Majority
6,833
50.5
Turnout
13,529
40.6
General election 1922: Birmingham Ladywood · Parliamentary election results
Majority
Majority
Party
Majority
Party
2,443
Candidate
10.4
Votes
−40.1
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
23,621
Candidate
71.1
Votes
+30.5
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Conservative
Neville Chamberlain
13,032
55.2
−14.3
Labour
Robert Dunstan
10,589
44.8
25.8
Majority
2,443
10.4
−40.1
Turnout
23,621
71.1
+30.5
Conservative hold
Swing
-15.6
General election 1923: Birmingham Ladywood · Parliamentary election results
Majority
Majority
Party
Majority
Party
1,554
Candidate
6.4
Votes
−4.0
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
24,214
Candidate
72.0
Votes
+0.9
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Conservative
Neville Chamberlain
12,884
53.2
−2.0
Labour
Robert Dunstan
11,330
46.8
2.0
Majority
1,554
6.4
−4.0
Turnout
24,214
72.0
+0.9
Conservative hold
Swing
-2.0
General election 1924: Birmingham Ladywood · Parliamentary election results
Majority
Majority
Party
Majority
Party
77
Candidate
0.2
Votes
−3.8
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
27,200
Candidate
80.5
Votes
+8.5
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Conservative
Neville Chamberlain
13,374
49.1
−4.1
Labour
Oswald Mosley
13,297
48.9
2.1
Liberal
Alfred William Bowkett
539
2.0
2.0
Majority
77
0.2
−3.8
Turnout
27,200
80.5
+8.5
Conservative hold
Swing
-3.1
General election 1929: Birmingham Edgbaston[144] · Parliamentary election results
Majority
Majority
Party
Majority
Party
14,760
Candidate
40.3
Votes
−12.9
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
36,166
Candidate
70.0
Votes
+5.1
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Conservative
Neville Chamberlain
23,350
63.7
−12.9
Labour
William Henry Dashwood Caple
8,590
23.4
0.0
Liberal
Percy Reginald Coombs Young
4,720
12.9
12.9
Majority
14,760
40.3
−12.9
Turnout
36,166
70.0
+5.1
Conservative hold
Swing
-6.5
General election 1931: Birmingham Edgbaston · Parliamentary election results
Majority
Majority
Party
Majority
Party
27,928
Candidate
73.0
Votes
−40.1
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
38,242
Candidate
70.9
Votes
+0.9
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Conservative
Neville Chamberlain
33,085
86.5
22.8
Labour
Blaylock
5,157
13.5
−9.9
Majority
27,928
73.0
−40.1
Turnout
38,242
70.9
+0.9
Conservative hold
Swing
+16.4
General election 1935: Birmingham Edgbaston · Parliamentary election results
Majority
Majority
Party
Majority
Party
21,862
Candidate
63.2
Votes
−9.8
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
34,624
Candidate
62.4
Votes
+8.5
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Conservative
Neville Chamberlain
28,243
81.6
−4.9
Labour
Jerrold Adshead
6,381
18.4
4.9
Majority
21,862
63.2
−9.8
Turnout
34,624
62.4
+8.5
Conservative hold
Swing
-4.9

References

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