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Republic of Ireland

Updated: Wikipedia source

Republic of Ireland

Ireland (Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a country in Northwestern Europe. It consists of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland, with a population of about 5.4 million. Its capital and largest city is Dublin, on the eastern side of the island, with a population of over 1.5 million. The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, St George's Channel to the south-east and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the Oireachtas, consists of a lower house, Dáil Éireann; an upper house, Seanad Éireann; and an elected president (Uachtarán) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the Taoiseach (prime minister, lit. 'chief'), elected by the Dáil and appointed by the president, who appoints other government ministers. The Irish Free State was created with Dominion status in 1922, following the Anglo-Irish Treaty. In 1937, a new constitution was adopted, in which the state was named "Ireland" and effectively became a republic, with an elected non-executive president. It was officially declared a republic in 1949, following The Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Ireland became a member of the United Nations in 1955. It joined the European Communities (EC), the predecessor of the European Union (EU), in 1973. The state had no formal relations with Northern Ireland for most of the 20th century, but the 1980s and 1990s saw the British and Irish governments working with Northern Irish parties to resolve the conflict that had become known as the Troubles. Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, the Irish government and Northern Irish government have co-operated on a number of policy areas under the North/South Ministerial Council created by the Agreement. Ireland is a developed country with a quality of life ranked sixth in the world by the 2024 Human Development Index Report adjusted for inequality. It also ranks highly in healthcare, economic freedom and freedom of the press. According to the Global Peace Index, Ireland was the second most peaceful country worldwide in 2024. It is a member of the EU and a founding member of the Council of Europe and the OECD. The Irish government has followed a policy of military neutrality through non-alignment since before World War II, and the country is consequently not a member of NATO, although it is a member of the Partnership for Peace and certain aspects of PESCO. Ireland's economy is advanced, with one of Europe's major financial hubs being centred on Dublin. It ranks among the top five wealthiest countries in the world in terms of both GDP and GNI per capita. After joining the EC, the country's government enacted a series of liberal economic policies that helped to boost economic growth between 1995 and 2007, a time now often referred to as the Celtic Tiger period. A recession and reversal in growth then followed during the Great Recession, which was exacerbated by the bursting of the Irish property bubble. The Great Recession lasted until 2014, and was followed by a new period of strong economic growth.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Dublin 53°20.65′N 6°16.05′W / 53.34417°N 6.26750°W / 53.34417; -6.26750
Official languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Irish[b]English
Ethnic groups (2022)
mw- 76.6% White Irish10.8% other White3.3% Asian1.5% Black1.7% other6.2% not stated
Religion (2022)
mw- li 75.7% Christianity 69.1% Catholicism 2.5% Anglicanism 4.1% other Christian 14.5% no religion 3.1% other 6.7% not stated
Demonym
Irish
Government
Unitary parliamentary republic
• President
Catherine Connolly
• Taoiseach
Micheál Martin
• Tánaiste
Simon Harris
• Chief Justice
Donal O'Donnell
Legislature
Oireachtas
• Upper house
Seanad
• Lower house
Dáil
• Proclamation
24 April 1916
• Declaration
21 January 1919
• Anglo-Irish Treaty
6 December 1921
• 1922 constitution
6 December 1922
• 1937 constitution
29 December 1937
• Republic Act
18 April 1949
• Total
$598.84 billion (25th)
• Water (%)
2.0%
• April 2024 estimate
5,380,300 (122nd)
• 2022 census
5,149,139
• Density
76.6/km2 (198.4/sq mi) (113th)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$108,920 (2nd)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2022)
27.9 } }low inequality
HDI (2023)
0.949very high (11th)
Currency
Euro (€)[c] (EUR)
Time zone
UTC (GMT)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 1 (IST)
Date format
dd/mm/yyyy
Calling code
353
ISO 3166 code
IE
Internet TLD
ie[d]

Tables

Largest cities, towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland by population (2022 census)[181] · Demographics
1
1
DublinCork
1
#
Dublin
Settlement
1,263,219
Population
11
#
Ennis
Settlement
27,923
2
2
DublinCork
2
#
Cork
Settlement
222,526
Population
12
#
Carlow
Settlement
27,351
3
3
DublinCork
3
#
Limerick
Settlement
102,287
Population
13
#
Kilkenny
Settlement
27,184
4
4
DublinCork
4
#
Galway
Settlement
85,910
Population
14
#
Naas
Settlement
26,180
5
5
DublinCork
5
#
Waterford
Settlement
60,079
Population
15
#
Tralee
Settlement
26,079
6
6
DublinCork
6
#
Drogheda
Settlement
44,135
Population
16
#
Newbridge
Settlement
24,366
8
8
DublinCork
8
#
Dundalk
Settlement
43,112
Population
17
#
Balbriggan
Settlement
24,322
7
7
DublinCork
7
#
Swords
Settlement
40,776
Population
18
#
Portlaoise
Settlement
23,494
9
9
DublinCork
9
#
Navan
Settlement
33,886
Population
19
#
Athlone
Settlement
22,869
10
10
DublinCork
10
#
Bray
Settlement
33,512
Population
20
#
Mullingar
Settlement
22,667
DublinCork
#
Settlement
Population
#
Settlement
Population
LimerickGalway
1
Dublin
1,263,219
11
Ennis
27,923
2
Cork
222,526
12
Carlow
27,351
3
Limerick
102,287
13
Kilkenny
27,184
4
Galway
85,910
14
Naas
26,180
5
Waterford
60,079
15
Tralee
26,079
6
Drogheda
44,135
16
Newbridge
24,366
8
Dundalk
43,112
17
Balbriggan
24,322
7
Swords
40,776
18
Portlaoise
23,494
9
Navan
33,886
19
Athlone
22,869
10
Bray
33,512
20
Mullingar
22,667

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