Real Madrid CF
Updated: 12/16/2025, 8:49:41 PM Wikipedia source
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol] ), commonly referred to as Real Madrid, is a Spanish professional association football club based in Madrid. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football. Founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, the club has traditionally worn a white home kit. The honorific title 'Real' is Spanish for "Royal" and was bestowed by Alfonso XIII in 1920. Real Madrid have played their home matches in the 78,297-capacity Santiago Bernabéu since 1947. Unlike most European sporting clubs, Real Madrid's members have owned and operated the club throughout its history. The club is one of the most widely supported in the world and the most followed sports club across social media. It was estimated to be worth $6.6 billion in 2024, making it the world's most valuable football club. In 2024, it became the first football club to make €1 billion ($1.08bn) in revenue. The Madrid anthem is the "Hala Madrid y nada más". Real Madrid is one of the most successful football clubs in the world and the most decorated club in Europe. In domestic football, the club has won 71 trophies; a record 36 La Liga titles, 20 Copa del Rey, 13 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte and a Copa de la Liga. In International football, Real Madrid have won a record 35 trophies: a record 15 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, a record six UEFA Super Cups, two UEFA Cups, a joint-record two Latin Cups, a record one Iberoamerican Cup, and a record nine world championships. Madrid has been ranked joint first a record number of times in the IFFHS Club World Ranking. In UEFA, Madrid ranks first in the all-time club ranking. As one of the three founding members of La Liga never relegated from the top division, Real Madrid has many long-standing rivalries, most notably El Clásico with Barcelona and El Derbi Madrileño with Atlético Madrid. The club established itself as a major force in Spanish and European football during the 1950s and 60s, winning five consecutive and six overall European Cups. This success was replicated on the domestic front, with Madrid winning 12 league titles in 16 years. This team, which included Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento and Raymond Kopa is considered by some in the sport, to be the greatest of all time. Real Madrid is known for its Galácticos policy, which involves signing the world's best players, such as Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane and David Beckham to create a superstar team. In 2009, Madrid signed Cristiano Ronaldo for a record-breaking £80 million (€94 million) from Manchester United; he became the club's and history's all-time top goal-scorer. In addition to signing star players, Real Madrid develops homegrown talent through its academy, La Fábrica, which has produced notable graduates such as Raúl, Iker Casillas, and Dani Carvajal, and has supplied the highest number of players to Europe's top five leagues. Real Madrid was recognized as the greatest football club of the 20th century, receiving the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit in 2004. Real Madrid has the highest number of participations in the European Cup/UEFA Champions League (55), a tournament in which they hold the records for most wins, draws and goals scored. Real Madrid is the only club to have won three consecutive titles (three-peat) in the European Cup/UEFA Champions League twice, achieving this in 1956-58 and 2016-18, and is the only club to win La Décima. In 2024, they won a record-extending 15th Champions League title (the sixth in eleven seasons), recognized as such by Guinness World Records. Real Madrid is the first club across all Europe's top-five leagues to win 100 trophies in all competitions. As of September 2025, Real Madrid are ranked 1st in UEFA club rankings, and first over 2013–23 coefficient.
Infobox
Full name
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol
Nicknames
Los Blancos (The Whites)Los Merengues (The Meringues)Los Vikingos (The Vikings) La Casa Blanca (The White House)Reyes de Europa (Kings of Europe)Madridistas (supporters)
Short name
RMA
Founded
6 March 1902; 123 years ago (1902-03-06) (as Madrid Football Club)
Ground
Estadio Bernabéu
Capacity
83,186
Coordinates
mw- 40°27′11.0″N 3°41′18.1″W / 40.453056°N 3.688361°W / 40.453056; -3.688361
President
Florentino Pérez
Head coach
Xabi Alonso
League
La Liga
2024–25
La Liga, 2nd of 20
Website
realmadrid.com
Tables
· Crests and colours › Colours › Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors
1981–1982
1981–1982
Period
1981–1982
Kit manufacturer
Adidas
Shirt sponsor
—
Sleeve sponsor
—
1982–1985
1982–1985
Period
1982–1985
Kit manufacturer
Zanussi
1985–1989
1985–1989
Period
1985–1989
Kit manufacturer
Hummel
Shirt sponsor
Parmalat
1989–1991
1989–1991
Period
1989–1991
Kit manufacturer
Reny Picot
1991–1992
1991–1992
Period
1991–1992
Kit manufacturer
Otaysa
1992–1994
1992–1994
Period
1992–1994
Kit manufacturer
Teka
1994–1998
1994–1998
Period
1994–1998
Kit manufacturer
Kelme
1998–2001
1998–2001
Period
1998–2001
Kit manufacturer
Adidas
2001–2002
2001–2002
Period
2001–2002
Kit manufacturer
Realmadrid.com
2002–2005
2002–2005
Period
2002–2005
Kit manufacturer
Siemens mobile
2005–2006
2005–2006
Period
2005–2006
Kit manufacturer
Siemens
2006–2007
2006–2007
Period
2006–2007
Kit manufacturer
BenQ-Siemens
2007–2013
2007–2013
Period
2007–2013
Kit manufacturer
bwin
2013–2024
2013–2024
Period
2013–2024
Kit manufacturer
Emirates
2024–
2024–
Period
2024–
Kit manufacturer
HP Inc.
| Period | Kit manufacturer | Shirt sponsor | Sleeve sponsor |
| 1981–1982 | Adidas | — | — |
| 1982–1985 | Zanussi | ||
| 1985–1989 | Hummel | Parmalat | |
| 1989–1991 | Reny Picot | ||
| 1991–1992 | Otaysa | ||
| 1992–1994 | Teka | ||
| 1994–1998 | Kelme | ||
| 1998–2001 | Adidas | ||
| 2001–2002 | Realmadrid.com | ||
| 2002–2005 | Siemens mobile | ||
| 2005–2006 | Siemens | ||
| 2006–2007 | BenQ-Siemens | ||
| 2007–2013 | bwin | ||
| 2013–2024 | Emirates | ||
| 2024– | HP Inc. |
· Crests and colours › Colours › Kit deal
8 May 2019
8 May 2019
Kit supplier → Adidas
8 May 2019
Period → 1998–present
2020–2028 (8 years)
Contractannouncement → Undisclosed
Total €1.1 billion
| Kit supplier | Period | Contractannouncement | Contractduration | Value | Notes |
| Adidas | 1998–present | Undisclosed | 2015–2020 (6 years) | Total €1 billion | |
| 8 May 2019 | 2020–2028 (8 years) | Total €1.1 billion |
Real Madrid CF honours[337] · Honours
Domestic
Domestic
Type
Domestic
Competition
La Liga
Titles
36
Seasons
1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2023–24
Copa del Rey
Copa del Rey
Type
Copa del Rey
Competition
20
Titles
1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2022–23
Copa de la Liga
Copa de la Liga
Type
Copa de la Liga
Competition
1
Titles
1985
Supercopa de España
Supercopa de España
Type
Supercopa de España
Competition
13
Titles
1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2017, 2020, 2022, 2024
Copa Eva Duarte
Copa Eva Duarte
Type
Copa Eva Duarte
Competition
1
Titles
1947
Continental
Continental
Type
Continental
Competition
European Cup/UEFA Champions League
Titles
15
Seasons
1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22, 2023–24
UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League
UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League
Type
UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League
Competition
2
Titles
1984–85, 1985–86
UEFA Super Cup
UEFA Super Cup
Type
UEFA Super Cup
Competition
6
Titles
2002, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024
Latin Cup
Latin Cup
Type
Latin Cup
Competition
2s
Titles
1955, 1957
Worldwide
Worldwide
Type
Worldwide
Competition
FIFA Club World Cup
Titles
5
Seasons
2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022
Intercontinental Cup
Intercontinental Cup
Type
Intercontinental Cup
Competition
3s
Titles
1960, 1998, 2002
FIFA Intercontinental Cup
FIFA Intercontinental Cup
Type
FIFA Intercontinental Cup
Competition
1
Titles
2024
Ibero-American Cup
Ibero-American Cup
Type
Ibero-American Cup
Competition
1
Titles
1994
Regional
Regional
Type
Regional
Competition
Campeonato de Madrid/Campeonato Regional Centro
Titles
23
Seasons
1903, 1905, 1906, 1906–07, 1907–08, 1912–13, 1915–16, 1916–17, 1917–18, 1919–20, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1935–36
Copa Federación Centro
Copa Federación Centro
Type
Copa Federación Centro
Competition
4s
Titles
1922–23, 1927–28, 1943–44, 1944–45
| Type | Competition | Titles | Seasons |
| Domestic | La Liga | 36 | 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2023–24 |
| Copa del Rey | 20 | 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2022–23 | |
| Copa de la Liga | 1 | 1985 | |
| Supercopa de España | 13 | 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2017, 2020, 2022, 2024 | |
| Copa Eva Duarte | 1 | 1947 | |
| Continental | European Cup/UEFA Champions League | 15 | 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22, 2023–24 |
| UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League | 2 | 1984–85, 1985–86 | |
| UEFA Super Cup | 6 | 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024 | |
| Latin Cup | 2s | 1955, 1957 | |
| Worldwide | FIFA Club World Cup | 5 | 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022 |
| Intercontinental Cup | 3s | 1960, 1998, 2002 | |
| FIFA Intercontinental Cup | 1 | 2024 | |
| Ibero-American Cup | 1 | 1994 | |
| Regional | Campeonato de Madrid/Campeonato Regional Centro | 23 | 1903, 1905, 1906, 1906–07, 1907–08, 1912–13, 1915–16, 1916–17, 1917–18, 1919–20, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1935–36 |
| Copa Federación Centro | 4s | 1922–23, 1927–28, 1943–44, 1944–45 |
1
1
No.
1
Pos.
GK
Nation
BEL
Player
Thibaut Courtois
2
2
No.
2
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
Dani Carvajal (captain)
3
3
No.
3
Pos.
DF
Nation
BRA
Player
Éder Militão
4
4
No.
4
Pos.
DF
Nation
AUT
Player
David Alaba
5
5
No.
5
Pos.
MF
Nation
ENG
Player
Jude Bellingham
6
6
No.
6
Pos.
MF
Nation
FRA
Player
Eduardo Camavinga
7
7
No.
7
Pos.
FW
Nation
BRA
Player
Vinícius Júnior
8
8
No.
8
Pos.
MF
Nation
URU
Player
Federico Valverde (vice-captain)
9
9
No.
9
Pos.
FW
Nation
BRA
Player
Endrick
10
10
No.
10
Pos.
FW
Nation
FRA
Player
Kylian Mbappé
11
11
No.
11
Pos.
FW
Nation
BRA
Player
Rodrygo
12
12
No.
12
Pos.
DF
Nation
ENG
Player
Trent Alexander-Arnold
13
13
No.
13
Pos.
GK
Nation
UKR
Player
Andriy Lunin
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | BEL | Thibaut Courtois |
| 2 | DF | ESP | Dani Carvajal (captain) |
| 3 | DF | BRA | Éder Militão |
| 4 | DF | AUT | David Alaba |
| 5 | MF | ENG | Jude Bellingham |
| 6 | MF | FRA | Eduardo Camavinga |
| 7 | FW | BRA | Vinícius Júnior |
| 8 | MF | URU | Federico Valverde (vice-captain) |
| 9 | FW | BRA | Endrick |
| 10 | FW | FRA | Kylian Mbappé |
| 11 | FW | BRA | Rodrygo |
| 12 | DF | ENG | Trent Alexander-Arnold |
| 13 | GK | UKR | Andriy Lunin |
14
14
No.
14
Pos.
MF
Nation
FRA
Player
Aurélien Tchouaméni
15
15
No.
15
Pos.
MF
Nation
TUR
Player
Arda Güler
16
16
No.
16
Pos.
FW
Nation
ESP
Player
Gonzalo García
17
17
No.
17
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
Raúl Asencio
18
18
No.
18
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
Álvaro Carreras
19
19
No.
19
Pos.
MF
Nation
ESP
Player
Dani Ceballos
20
20
No.
20
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
Fran García
21
21
No.
21
Pos.
FW
Nation
MAR
Player
Brahim Díaz
22
22
No.
22
Pos.
DF
Nation
GER
Player
Antonio Rüdiger
23
23
No.
23
Pos.
DF
Nation
FRA
Player
Ferland Mendy
24
24
No.
24
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
Dean Huijsen
30
30
No.
30
Pos.
FW
Nation
ARG
Player
Franco Mastantuono
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 14 | MF | FRA | Aurélien Tchouaméni |
| 15 | MF | TUR | Arda Güler |
| 16 | FW | ESP | Gonzalo García |
| 17 | DF | ESP | Raúl Asencio |
| 18 | DF | ESP | Álvaro Carreras |
| 19 | MF | ESP | Dani Ceballos |
| 20 | DF | ESP | Fran García |
| 21 | FW | MAR | Brahim Díaz |
| 22 | DF | GER | Antonio Rüdiger |
| 23 | DF | FRA | Ferland Mendy |
| 24 | DF | ESP | Dean Huijsen |
| 30 | FW | ARG | Franco Mastantuono |
26
26
No.
26
Pos.
GK
Nation
ESP
Player
Fran González
27
27
No.
27
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
Diego Aguado
28
28
No.
28
Pos.
MF
Nation
ESP
Player
Jorge Cestero
29
29
No.
29
Pos.
GK
Nation
ESP
Player
Javi Navarro
32
32
No.
32
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
Jesús Fortea
33
33
No.
33
Pos.
MF
Nation
ESP
Player
Pol Fortuny
34
34
No.
34
Pos.
GK
Nation
ESP
Player
Sergio Mestre
35
35
No.
35
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
David Jiménez
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 26 | GK | ESP | Fran González |
| 27 | DF | ESP | Diego Aguado |
| 28 | MF | ESP | Jorge Cestero |
| 29 | GK | ESP | Javi Navarro |
| 32 | DF | ESP | Jesús Fortea |
| 33 | MF | ESP | Pol Fortuny |
| 34 | GK | ESP | Sergio Mestre |
| 35 | DF | ESP | David Jiménez |
36
36
No.
36
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
Joan Martínez
37
37
No.
37
Pos.
MF
Nation
ESP
Player
Manuel Ángel
38
38
No.
38
Pos.
MF
Nation
ESP
Player
César Palacios
39
39
No.
39
Pos.
MF
Nation
ESP
Player
Cristian Perea
40
40
No.
40
Pos.
DF
Nation
ESP
Player
Víctor Valdepeñas
42
42
No.
42
Pos.
FW
Nation
ESP
Player
Daniel Yáñez
44
44
No.
44
Pos.
MF
Nation
ESP
Player
Hugo De Llanos
45
45
No.
45
Pos.
MF
Nation
ESP
Player
Thiago Pitarch
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 36 | DF | ESP | Joan Martínez |
| 37 | MF | ESP | Manuel Ángel |
| 38 | MF | ESP | César Palacios |
| 39 | MF | ESP | Cristian Perea |
| 40 | DF | ESP | Víctor Valdepeñas |
| 42 | FW | ESP | Daniel Yáñez |
| 44 | MF | ESP | Hugo De Llanos |
| 45 | MF | ESP | Thiago Pitarch |
—
—
No.
—
Pos.
MF
Nation
ESP
Player
Mario Martín (at Getafe until 30 June 2026)
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | MF | ESP | Mario Martín (at Getafe until 30 June 2026) |
· Personnel › Current technical staff
Head coach
Head coach
Role
Head coach
Staff
Xabi Alonso
Assistant coach
Assistant coach
Role
Assistant coach
Staff
Sebas Parrilla
Assistant technical & fitness coach
Assistant technical & fitness coach
Role
Assistant technical & fitness coach
Staff
Ismael Camenforte
Performance manager
Performance manager
Role
Performance manager
Staff
Antonio Pintus
Technical assistant coach
Technical assistant coach
Role
Technical assistant coach
Staff
Alberto Encinas
Technical analyst
Technical analyst
Role
Technical analyst
Staff
Beñat Labaien
Goalkeeping coach
Goalkeeping coach
Role
Goalkeeping coach
Staff
Luis Llopis
Recovery specialist
Recovery specialist
Role
Recovery specialist
Staff
José Carlos Parrales
| Role | Staff |
| Head coach | Xabi Alonso |
| Assistant coach | Sebas Parrilla |
| Assistant technical & fitness coach | Ismael Camenforte |
| Performance manager | Antonio Pintus |
| Technical assistant coach | Alberto Encinas |
| Technical analyst | Beñat Labaien |
| Goalkeeping coach | Luis Llopis |
| Recovery specialist | José Carlos Parrales |
· Personnel › Management
Florentino Pérez
Florentino Pérez
Role
President
Name
Florentino Pérez
Fernando Fernández Tapias
Fernando Fernández Tapias
Role
Vice-presidents
Name
Fernando Fernández Tapias
José Martínez Sánchez - Pirri
José Martínez Sánchez - Pirri
Role
Honorary President
Name
José Martínez Sánchez - Pirri
Enrique Sánchez González
Enrique Sánchez González
Role
Secretary of the Board
Name
Enrique Sánchez González
Ángel Luis Heras AguadoSantiago Aguadi GarcíaJerónimo Farré MuncharazEnrique Pérez RodriguezManuel Cerezo VelázquezJosé Sánchez BernalGumersindo Santamaría GilRaúl Ronda OrtizJosé Manuel Otero LastreNicolás Martín-Sanz GarcíaCatalina Miñarro BrugarolasManuel Torres Gómez
Ángel Luis Heras AguadoSantiago Aguadi GarcíaJerónimo Farré MuncharazEnrique Pérez RodriguezManuel Cerezo VelázquezJosé Sánchez BernalGumersindo Santamaría GilRaúl Ronda OrtizJosé Manuel Otero LastreNicolás Martín-Sanz GarcíaCatalina Miñarro BrugarolasManuel Torres Gómez
Role
Members
Name
Ángel Luis Heras AguadoSantiago Aguadi GarcíaJerónimo Farré MuncharazEnrique Pérez RodriguezManuel Cerezo VelázquezJosé Sánchez BernalGumersindo Santamaría GilRaúl Ronda OrtizJosé Manuel Otero LastreNicolás Martín-Sanz GarcíaCatalina Miñarro BrugarolasManuel Torres Gómez
| Role | Name |
| President | Florentino Pérez |
| Vice-presidents | Fernando Fernández Tapias |
| Eduardo Fernández de Blas | |
| Pedro López Jiménez | |
| Honorary President | José Martínez Sánchez - Pirri |
| Secretary of the Board | Enrique Sánchez González |
| Members | Ángel Luis Heras AguadoSantiago Aguadi GarcíaJerónimo Farré MuncharazEnrique Pérez RodriguezManuel Cerezo VelázquezJosé Sánchez BernalGumersindo Santamaría GilRaúl Ronda OrtizJosé Manuel Otero LastreNicolás Martín-Sanz GarcíaCatalina Miñarro BrugarolasManuel Torres Gómez |
References
- Real Madrid have won five FIFA Club World Cup, three Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Intercontinental Cup title for a
- The Copa del Rey, as it was known for the most part of its history, was renamed to Copa del Presidente de la República b
- Real Madrid home kit in 1905 was all-white, so the supporters began referring to the players as Los Blancos.
- Realmadrid.com appeared as shirt sponsor to promote the club's new website.
- LALIGAhttps://www.laliga.com/clubes/real-madrid
- Ligadecampeones.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20140425012233/http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/
- As.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200806173933/https://en.as.com/en/2018/12/07/football/1544187628_452267.html
- goal.comhttps://www.goal.com/en/news/real-madrid-remind-world-always-kings-of-europe/bltdc9491b20e80467a
- marca.comhttps://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2018/05/27/5b0ab7c9ca4741ee4d8b4598.html
- "From Handel to Hala Madrid: music of champions"https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/025a-0ea6da3f7870-7b257288bc62-1000--from-handel-to-hala-madrid-music-of-champions/
- "Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910)"https://web.archive.org/web/20081229094130/http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_%28I%29.htm
- LALIGAhttps://www.laliga.com/noticias/laliga-bate-record-historico-de-asistencia-a-los-estadios-con-mas-de-15-millones-de-espectadores
- Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.
- football-observatory.comhttps://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467
- Forbeshttps://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/
- ABC Newshttps://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921
- Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM
- Bleacher Reporthttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12
- ESPN FChttp://www.espnfc.com/manchester-united/story/3246638/man-united-retrospectively-declared-1999-world-club-champions-by-fifa
- conmebol.comhttp://conmebol.com/es/19082015-1742/las-competiciones-oficiales-de-la-conmebol
- RSSSFhttps://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/ibero.html
- IFFHShttps://www.iffhs.de/former-results/
- UEFAhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2
- UEFAhttps://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html
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