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Rabindranath Tagore

Updated: Wikipedia source

Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Thakur (Bengali: [roˈbindɾonatʰ ˈʈʰakuɾ]; anglicised as Rabindranath Tagore ; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941), also known by his pseudonym Bhanusimha (Sun Lion) was a Bengali polymath (poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter) of the Bengal Renaissance period. In 1913, Tagore became the second non-European to win a Nobel Prize in any category, and also the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. He has written the national anthems of India and Bangladesh. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" poetry of Gitanjali. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; his elegant prose and magical poetry were widely popular in the Indian subcontinent. He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal", Tagore was known by the sobriquets Gurudev, Kobiguru, and Biswokobi. A Bengali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Jessore and Bardhaman districts, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old. At the age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics. By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his real name. As a humanist, universalist, internationalist, and ardent critic of nationalism, he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy also endures in his founding of Visva-Bharati University. Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced), and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works. His poetry, short stories, and novels were both praised and criticised for their lyricism, colloquial tone, naturalism, and philosophical introspection. His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: India's "Jana Gana Mana" and Bangladesh's "Amar Shonar Bangla". The Sri Lankan national anthem was also inspired by his work. His song "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol" has been adopted as the state anthem of West Bengal.

Infobox

Born
(1861-05-07)7 May 1861Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Bengal Presidency, British India
Died
7 August 1941(1941-08-07) (aged 80)Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Bengal Presidency, British India
Other names
Bhanusimha
Occupations
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Poetnovelistplaywrightessayistcomposerpainterphilosophersocial reformereducationistlinguistgrammarian
Era
Bengal Renaissance
Notable work
GitanjaliGhare-BaireBharoto Bhagyo BidhataGoraJana Gana ManaRabindra SangeetAmar Shonar Bangla(other works)
Movement
Contextual Modernism
Spouse
mw- Mrinalini Devi (m. 1883; died 1902)
Children
5, including Rathindranath Tagore
Relatives
Tagore family
Awards
Nobel Prize in Literature (1913)

Tables

Original poetry in Bengali · List of works › Original
ভানুসিংহ ঠাকুরের পদাবলী
ভানুসিংহ ঠাকুরের পদাবলী
Bengali title
ভানুসিংহ ঠাকুরের পদাবলী
Transliterated title
Bhānusiṃha Ṭhākurer Paḍāvalī
Translated title
Songs of Bhānusiṃha Ṭhākur
Year
1884
মানসী
মানসী
Bengali title
মানসী
Transliterated title
Manasi
Translated title
The Ideal One
Year
1890
সোনার তরী
সোনার তরী
Bengali title
সোনার তরী
Transliterated title
Sonar Tari
Translated title
The Golden Boat
Year
1894
গীতাঞ্জলি
গীতাঞ্জলি
Bengali title
গীতাঞ্জলি
Transliterated title
Gitanjali
Translated title
Song Offerings
Year
1910
গীতিমাল্য
গীতিমাল্য
Bengali title
গীতিমাল্য
Transliterated title
Gitimalya
Translated title
Wreath of Songs
Year
1914
বলাকা
বলাকা
Bengali title
বলাকা
Transliterated title
Balaka
Translated title
The Flight of Cranes
Year
1916
Bengali title
Transliterated title
Translated title
Year
ভানুসিংহ ঠাকুরের পদাবলী
Bhānusiṃha Ṭhākurer Paḍāvalī
Songs of Bhānusiṃha Ṭhākur
1884
মানসী
Manasi
The Ideal One
1890
সোনার তরী
Sonar Tari
The Golden Boat
1894
গীতাঞ্জলি
Gitanjali
Song Offerings
1910
গীতিমাল্য
Gitimalya
Wreath of Songs
1914
বলাকা
Balaka
The Flight of Cranes
1916
Original dramas in Bengali · List of works › Original
বাল্মিকী প্রতিভা
বাল্মিকী প্রতিভা
Bengali title
বাল্মিকী প্রতিভা
Transliterated title
Valmiki-Pratibha
Translated title
The Genius of Valmiki
Year
1881
কালমৃগয়া
কালমৃগয়া
Bengali title
কালমৃগয়া
Transliterated title
Kal-Mrigaya
Translated title
The Fatal Hunt
Year
1882
মায়ার খেলা
মায়ার খেলা
Bengali title
মায়ার খেলা
Transliterated title
Mayar Khela
Translated title
The Play of Illusions
Year
1888
বিসর্জন
বিসর্জন
Bengali title
বিসর্জন
Transliterated title
Visarjan
Translated title
The Sacrifice
Year
1890
চিত্রাঙ্গদা
চিত্রাঙ্গদা
Bengali title
চিত্রাঙ্গদা
Transliterated title
Chitrangada
Translated title
Chitrangada
Year
1892
রাজা
রাজা
Bengali title
রাজা
Transliterated title
Raja
Translated title
The King of the Dark Chamber
Year
1910
ডাকঘর
ডাকঘর
Bengali title
ডাকঘর
Transliterated title
Dak Ghar
Translated title
The Post Office
Year
1912
অচলায়তন
অচলায়তন
Bengali title
অচলায়তন
Transliterated title
Achalayatan
Translated title
The Immovable
Year
1912
মুক্তধারা
মুক্তধারা
Bengali title
মুক্তধারা
Transliterated title
Muktadhara
Translated title
The Waterfall
Year
1922
রক্তকরবী
রক্তকরবী
Bengali title
রক্তকরবী
Transliterated title
Raktakarabi
Translated title
Red Oleanders
Year
1926
চণ্ডালিকা
চণ্ডালিকা
Bengali title
চণ্ডালিকা
Transliterated title
Chandalika
Translated title
The Untouchable Girl
Year
1933
Bengali title
Transliterated title
Translated title
Year
বাল্মিকী প্রতিভা
Valmiki-Pratibha
The Genius of Valmiki
1881
কালমৃগয়া
Kal-Mrigaya
The Fatal Hunt
1882
মায়ার খেলা
Mayar Khela
The Play of Illusions
1888
বিসর্জন
Visarjan
The Sacrifice
1890
চিত্রাঙ্গদা
Chitrangada
Chitrangada
1892
রাজা
Raja
The King of the Dark Chamber
1910
ডাকঘর
Dak Ghar
The Post Office
1912
অচলায়তন
Achalayatan
The Immovable
1912
মুক্তধারা
Muktadhara
The Waterfall
1922
রক্তকরবী
Raktakarabi
Red Oleanders
1926
চণ্ডালিকা
Chandalika
The Untouchable Girl
1933
Original fiction in Bengali · List of works › Original
নষ্টনীড়
নষ্টনীড়
Bengali title
নষ্টনীড়
Transliterated title
Nastanirh
Translated title
The Broken Nest
Year
1901
গোরা
গোরা
Bengali title
গোরা
Transliterated title
Gora
Translated title
Fair-Faced
Year
1910
ঘরে বাইরে
ঘরে বাইরে
Bengali title
ঘরে বাইরে
Transliterated title
Ghare Baire
Translated title
The Home and the World
Year
1916
যোগাযোগ
যোগাযোগ
Bengali title
যোগাযোগ
Transliterated title
Yogayog
Translated title
Crosscurrents
Year
1929
Bengali title
Transliterated title
Translated title
Year
নষ্টনীড়
Nastanirh
The Broken Nest
1901
গোরা
Gora
Fair-Faced
1910
ঘরে বাইরে
Ghare Baire
The Home and the World
1916
যোগাযোগ
Yogayog
Crosscurrents
1929
Original nonfiction in Bengali · List of works › Original
জীবনস্মৃতি
জীবনস্মৃতি
Bengali title
জীবনস্মৃতি
Transliterated title
Jivansmriti
Translated title
My Reminiscences
Year
1912
ছেলেবেলা
ছেলেবেলা
Bengali title
ছেলেবেলা
Transliterated title
Chhelebela
Translated title
My Boyhood Days
Year
1940
Bengali title
Transliterated title
Translated title
Year
জীবনস্মৃতি
Jivansmriti
My Reminiscences
1912
ছেলেবেলা
Chhelebela
My Boyhood Days
1940
Works in English · List of works › Original
Title
Year
Thought Relics
1921
English translations · List of works › Translated
1912
Gitanjali: Song Offerings
1913
The Crescent Moon
The Gardener
Sadhana: The Realisation of Life
Vocation
1914
Chitra
The King of the Dark Chamber
The Post Office
1915
Songs of Kabir
1916
Fruit-Gathering
The Fugitive
The Hungry Stones
The Spirit of Japan
Stray Birds
1917
The Cycle of Spring
My Reminiscences
Nationalism
1918
Mashi
Stories from Tagore
1920
Glimpses of Bengal
1921
The Home and the World
The Wreck
1922
Creative Unity
1928
Fireflies
My Boyhood Days
1991
I Won't Let you Go: Selected Poems
Selected Short Stories
1994
Selected Poems
1997
Selected Letters
2003
The Lover of God
2012
Letters from an Expatriate in Europe
Year
Work
1914
Chitra
1922
Creative Unity
1913
The Crescent Moon
1917
The Cycle of Spring
1928
Fireflies
1916
Fruit-Gathering
1916
The Fugitive
1913
The Gardener
1912
Gitanjali: Song Offerings
1920
Glimpses of Bengal
1921
The Home and the World
1916
The Hungry Stones
1991
I Won't Let you Go: Selected Poems
1914
The King of the Dark Chamber
2012
Letters from an Expatriate in Europe
2003
The Lover of God
1918
Mashi
1928
My Boyhood Days
1917
My Reminiscences
1917
Nationalism
1914
The Post Office
1913
Sadhana: The Realisation of Life
1997
Selected Letters
1994
Selected Poems
1991
Selected Short Stories
1915
Songs of Kabir
1916
The Spirit of Japan
1918
Stories from Tagore
1916
Stray Birds
1913
Vocation
1921
The Wreck

References

  1. Gurudev translates as "divine mentor", Bishokobi translates as "poet of the world" and Kobiguru translates as "great poe
  2. Tagore was born at No. 6 Dwarkanath Tagore Lane, Jorasanko – the address of the main mansion (the Jorasanko Thakurbari)
  3. On the "idea of the humanity of our God, or the divinity of Man the Eternal".
  4. Etymology of "Visva-Bharati": from the Sanskrit for "world" or "universe" and the name of a Rigvedic goddess ("Bharati")
  5. Tagore was no stranger to controversy: his dealings with Indian nationalists Subhas Chandra Bose and Rash Behari Bose, h
  6. forvo.com
    https://forvo.com/word/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0/#bn
  7. 25 Baisakh 1268(Bangabda)
  8. 21 Shravan 1368(Bangabda)
  9. Quartz India
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  10. Democracy and Dictatorship in South Asia: Dominant Classes and Political Outcomes in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
  11. The Calcutta Review
  12. O'Connell 2008.
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  15. "Work of Rabindranath Tagore celebrated in London"
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  16. Sil 2005.
  17. On the edges of time
  18. Tagore 1984, p. xii.
  19. Thompson 1926, pp. 27–28; Dasgupta 1993, p. 20.
  20. "Nationalism is a Great Menace" Tagore and Nationalism, by Radhakrishnan M. and Roychowdhury D. from Hogan, P. C.; Pandi
  21. "Visva-Bharti-Facts and Figures at a Glance"
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  22. Datta 2002, p. 2; Kripalani 2005a, pp. 6–8; Kripalani 2005b, pp. 2–3; Thompson 1926, p. 12.
  23. J. R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka: a Political Biography – Volume One: The First Fifty Years
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  24. Colloquial Bengali
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  25. Sahapedia
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  26. Delhi's Meatscapes: Muslim Butchers in a Transforming Mega-City
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  30. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 34.
  31. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 37.
  32. The News Today 2011.
  33. Roy 1977, pp. 28–30.
  34. Tagore 1997b, pp. 8–9.
  35. Thompson 1926, p. 20.
  36. Som 2010, p. 16.
  37. Tagore 1997b, p. 10.
  38. Woman in the novels of Shashi Deshpande : a study
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  39. The Complete Poems of Rabindranath Tagore's Gitanjali: Texts and Critical Evaluation
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  40. Thompson 1926, pp. 21–24.
  41. Das 2009.
  42. Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 48–49.
  43. Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 50.
  44. Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 55–56.
  45. Tagore, Stewart & Twichell 2003, p. 91.
  46. My Reminiscences
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  47. Mainstream Weekly
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  48. Tagore, Stewart & Twichell 2003, p. 3.
  49. Tagore, Stewart & Twichell 2003, p. 3.
  50. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, p. 45.
  51. Tagore 1997b, p. 265.
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  53. Thompson 1926, p. 31.
  54. Tagore 1997b, pp. 11–12.
  55. Makers of Modern India
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  65. Hjärne 1913.
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  69. "When Tagore came to Sylhet"
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  79. The Hindu
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  81. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 338.
  82. Indo-Asian News Service 2005.
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  84. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 363.
  85. The Daily Star 2009.
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  88. Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 374–376.
  89. Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 178–179.
  90. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  91. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, p. 1–2.
  92. Red Circle Authors
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  93. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 206.
  94. Hogan & Pandit 2003, pp. 56–58.
  95. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, p. 182.
  96. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 253.
  97. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 256.
  98. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 267.
  99. Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 270–271.
  100. Kundu 2009.
  101. The Free Press Journal
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  102. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, p. 1.
  103. Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 289–292.
  104. Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 303–304.
  105. Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 292–293.
  106. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, p. 2.
  107. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 315.
  108. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, p. 99.
  109. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, pp. 100–103.
  110. "Vice President speaks on Rabindranath Tagore"
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  111. Pandey 2011.
  112. The Essential Tagore
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  113. Tagore 1997b, pp. 21–22.
  114. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, pp. 123–124.
  115. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, p. 124.
  116. Ray 2007, pp. 147–148.
  117. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, p. 45.
  118. Dutta & Robinson 1997, p. 265.
  119. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, pp. 45–46
  120. Tagore & Chakravarty 1961, p. 46
  121. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 192–194.
  122. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 154–155.
  123. Hogan 2000, pp. 213–214.
  124. Mukherjee 2004.
  125. "All Nobel Prizes"
    https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes
  126. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 1.
  127. Roy 1977, p. 201.
  128. Tagore, Stewart & Twichell 2003, p. 94.
  129. Urban 2001, p. 18.
  130. Urban 2001, pp. 6–7.
  131. Urban 2001, p. 16.
  132. Tagore, Stewart & Twichell 2003, p. 95.
  133. Tagore, Stewart & Twichell 2003, p. 7.
  134. Tagore-At Home in the World
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  135. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 94.
  136. Dasgupta 2001.
  137. "10 things to know about Indian national Anthem"
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  138. "Tagore and Jana Gana Mana"
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  139. Dutta & Robinson 1995, p. 359.
  140. Dyson 2001.
  141. Tagore 1997b, p. 222.
  142. R. Siva Kumar (2011) The Last Harvest: Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore.
  143. Som 2010, pp. 144–145.
  144. "National Gallery of Modern Art – Mumbai:Virtual Galleries"
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  145. "National Gallery of Modern Art:Collections"
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  146. "Rabindranath Tagore: When Hitler purged India Nobel laureate's paintings"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63651606
  147. Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (1918). The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore. Macmillan and Co. Ltd., London.
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  216. The Crescent Moon at Project Gutenberg
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  217. The Cycle of Spring at Project Gutenberg
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  218. Fruit-Gathering at Project Gutenberg
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  219. The Fugitive at Project Gutenberg
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  225. The King of the Dark Chamber at Project Gutenberg
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  226. Mashi at Project Gutenberg
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  227. My Reminiscences at Project Gutenberg
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  228. The Post Office at Project Gutenberg
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  229. Sadhana: The Realisation of Life at Project Gutenberg
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  230. Songs of Kabir at Project Gutenberg
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  231. The Spirit of Japan at Project Gutenberg
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  233. Stray Birds at Project Gutenberg
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