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REAL ID Act

Updated: Wikipedia source

REAL ID Act

The REAL ID Act of 2005 is a United States federal law that standardized requirements for driver's licenses and identification cards issued by U . states and territories in order to be accepted for accessing U . government facilities, nuclear power plants, and for boarding airline flights in the United States. The requirements include verification of the personal information presented when applying for the identification document, security features on the document, and electronic sharing of databases between states. The act also made modifications to U . immigration law regarding asylum, border security, deportation, and specific work visas. Enacted in response to the September 11 attacks, the provisions regarding identification documents were originally intended to take effect in 2008, but enforcement was repeatedly delayed due to widespread opposition and refusal by many state governments to implement them. Eventually states began to comply in 2012, and enforcement based on the issuing state or territory began from 2014 to 2018 depending on the facility. After numerous extensions, by 2020, all states were certified as compliant, and by 2024, all territories were certified. Enforcement based on the identification documents began on May 7, 2025, and is scheduled to be implemented in phases until complete enforcement begins on May 5, 2027.

Infobox

Long title
An Act to establish and rapidly implement regulations for state driver's license and identification document security standards, to prevent terrorists from abusing the asylum laws of the United States, to unify terrorism-related grounds for inadmissibility and removal, and to ensure expeditious construction of the San Diego border fence.
Enacted by
the 109th United States Congress
Effective
Immigration provisions: May 11, 2005 Identification document provisions: May 11, 2008 (original) April 21, 2014–January 22, 2018 (state-based) May 7, 2025–May 5, 2027 (card-based)
Public law
109-13
Statutes at Large
119 Stat. 302
Acts repealed
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act §§ 5402, 5403, 7212
U.S.C. sections amended
Immigration provisions: 8 U . § 1101, § 1103, § 1153, §§ 1157–1159, § 1182, § 1184, § 1227, §§ 1230–1231, § 1252, § 1356 Identification document provisions: 49 U . § 30301 note

Tables

· Implementation › State certifications
Colorado
Colorado
State or territory
Colorado
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
January 28, 2020
DHR implementation
March 11, 2024
Connecticut
Connecticut
State or territory
Connecticut
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
Delaware
Delaware
State or territory
Delaware
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
December 19, 2016
DHR implementation
June 10, 2024
Georgia
Georgia
State or territory
Georgia
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
January 19, 2021
DHR implementation
September 18, 2023
Indiana
Indiana
State or territory
Indiana
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
February 15, 2016
DHR implementation
February 20, 2024
Iowa
Iowa
State or territory
Iowa
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
May 23, 2016
DHR implementation
by November 10, 2025
Maryland
Maryland
State or territory
Maryland
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
February 1, 2016
DHR implementation
August 22, 2022
Ohio
Ohio
State or territory
Ohio
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
April 19, 2021
DHR implementation
July 31, 2023
South Dakota
South Dakota
State or territory
South Dakota
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
October 3, 2016
DHR implementation
March 11, 2024
Tennessee
Tennessee
State or territory
Tennessee
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
March 5, 2018
DHR implementation
April 10, 2023
West Virginia
West Virginia
State or territory
West Virginia
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
State or territory
Wisconsin
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
August 10, 2015
DHR implementation
April 11, 2022
Wyoming
Wyoming
State or territory
Wyoming
REAL ID certification
December 20, 2012
S2S implementation
November 21, 2016
DHR implementation
October 20, 2025
Nebraska
Nebraska
State or territory
Nebraska
REAL ID certification
February 15, 2013
S2S implementation
October 17, 2016
DHR implementation
February 20, 2024
Alabama
Alabama
State or territory
Alabama
REAL ID certification
by February 28, 2013
S2S implementation
April 25, 2022
DHR implementation
April 25, 2022
Florida
Florida
State or territory
Florida
REAL ID certification
by February 28, 2013
S2S implementation
January 17, 2023
DHR implementation
January 17, 2023
Kansas
Kansas
State or territory
Kansas
REAL ID certification
by February 28, 2013
S2S implementation
December 14, 2020
DHR implementation
June 2, 2025
Utah
Utah
State or territory
Utah
REAL ID certification
by February 28, 2013
S2S implementation
January 28, 2019
DHR implementation
March 13, 2023
Vermont
Vermont
State or territory
Vermont
REAL ID certification
by February 28, 2013
S2S implementation
November 10, 2025
DHR implementation
November 10, 2025
Hawaii
Hawaii
State or territory
Hawaii
REAL ID certification
September 9, 2013
S2S implementation
December 12, 2022
DHR implementation
May 19, 2025
Mississippi
Mississippi
State or territory
Mississippi
REAL ID certification
by December 20, 2013
S2S implementation
April 8, 2019
DHR implementation
April 29, 2024
District of Columbia
District of Columbia
State or territory
District of Columbia
REAL ID certification
by December 31, 2014
S2S implementation
September 30, 2024
DHR implementation
September 30, 2024
Nevada
Nevada
State or territory
Nevada
REAL ID certification
by December 31, 2014
Arizona
Arizona
State or territory
Arizona
REAL ID certification
by July 12, 2016
S2S implementation
February 27, 2017
DHR implementation
September 16, 2024
Arkansas
Arkansas
State or territory
Arkansas
REAL ID certification
by December 8, 2016
S2S implementation
June 6, 2016
DHR implementation
July 31, 2023
New Mexico
New Mexico
State or territory
New Mexico
REAL ID certification
December 22, 2016
S2S implementation
June 18, 2018
DHR implementation
May 13, 2024
Texas
Texas
State or territory
Texas
REAL ID certification
by August 10, 2017
S2S implementation
September 5, 2023
DHR implementation
September 5, 2023
North Carolina
North Carolina
State or territory
North Carolina
REAL ID certification
by October 12, 2017
S2S implementation
February 25, 2019
DHR implementation
June 30, 2025
Louisiana
Louisiana
State or territory
Louisiana
REAL ID certification
by January 23, 2018
S2S implementation
October 17, 2018
Michigan
Michigan
State or territory
Michigan
REAL ID certification
by January 23, 2018
S2S implementation
March 15, 2021
DHR implementation
October 16, 2023
New York
New York
State or territory
New York
REAL ID certification
by February 23, 2018
S2S implementation
September 3, 2024
DHR implementation
February 16, 2026
South Carolina
South Carolina
State or territory
South Carolina
REAL ID certification
May 18, 2018
S2S implementation
July 25, 2022
DHR implementation
July 25, 2022
Idaho
Idaho
State or territory
Idaho
REAL ID certification
July 31, 2018
S2S implementation
August 22, 2016
DHR implementation
November 18, 2024
North Dakota
North Dakota
State or territory
North Dakota
REAL ID certification
September 10, 2018
S2S implementation
November 16, 2015
DHR implementation
May 9, 2022
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
State or territory
New Hampshire
REAL ID certification
October 1, 2018
S2S implementation
June 14, 2021
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
State or territory
Puerto Rico
REAL ID certification
October 1, 2018
Washington
Washington
State or territory
Washington
REAL ID certification
October 1, 2018
S2S implementation
September 4, 2018
DHR implementation
February 18, 2025
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
State or territory
Massachusetts
REAL ID certification
November 1, 2018
S2S implementation
March 26, 2018
DHR implementation
June 27, 2022
Minnesota
Minnesota
State or territory
Minnesota
REAL ID certification
November 19, 2018
S2S implementation
September 30, 2019
DHR implementation
September 19, 2022
Virginia
Virginia
State or territory
Virginia
REAL ID certification
December 10, 2018
S2S implementation
December 5, 2016
DHR implementation
August 26, 2024
Guam
Guam
State or territory
Guam
REAL ID certification
February 8, 2019
Illinois
Illinois
State or territory
Illinois
REAL ID certification
March 20, 2019
U . Virgin Islands
U . Virgin Islands
State or territory
U . Virgin Islands
REAL ID certification
by April 4, 2019
Alaska
Alaska
State or territory
Alaska
REAL ID certification
by April 28, 2019
S2S implementation
January 30, 2017
Missouri
Missouri
State or territory
Missouri
REAL ID certification
by April 28, 2019
S2S implementation
March 25, 2019
DHR implementation
November 12, 2024
Montana
Montana
State or territory
Montana
REAL ID certification
by April 28, 2019
S2S implementation
November 23, 2020
DHR implementation
November 13, 2023
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
State or territory
Rhode Island
REAL ID certification
April 30, 2019
S2S implementation
June 3, 2019
DHR implementation
March 11, 2024
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
State or territory
Pennsylvania
REAL ID certification
May 17, 2019
S2S implementation
May 21, 2018
DHR implementation
May 5, 2025
California
California
State or territory
California
REAL ID certification
May 22, 2019
Kentucky
Kentucky
State or territory
Kentucky
REAL ID certification
July 19, 2019
Maine
Maine
State or territory
Maine
REAL ID certification
September 13, 2019
S2S implementation
December 16, 2024
DHR implementation
December 16, 2024
New Jersey
New Jersey
State or territory
New Jersey
REAL ID certification
March 27, 2020
S2S implementation
March 25, 2024
DHR implementation
February 23, 2026
Oregon
Oregon
State or territory
Oregon
REAL ID certification
August 4, 2020
S2S implementation
July 6, 2020
DHR implementation
May 12, 2025
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
State or territory
Oklahoma
REAL ID certification
September 10, 2020
S2S implementation
February 16, 2026
DHR implementation
February 16, 2026
N. Mariana Islands
N. Mariana Islands
State or territory
N. Mariana Islands
REAL ID certification
March 26, 2021
American Samoa
American Samoa
State or territory
American Samoa
REAL ID certification
February 14, 2024
State or territory
REAL ID certification
S2S implementation
DHR implementation
Colorado
December 20, 2012
January 28, 2020
March 11, 2024
Connecticut
December 20, 2012
Delaware
December 20, 2012
December 19, 2016
June 10, 2024
Georgia
December 20, 2012
January 19, 2021
September 18, 2023
Indiana
December 20, 2012
February 15, 2016
February 20, 2024
Iowa
December 20, 2012
May 23, 2016
by November 10, 2025
Maryland
December 20, 2012
February 1, 2016
August 22, 2022
Ohio
December 20, 2012
April 19, 2021
July 31, 2023
South Dakota
December 20, 2012
October 3, 2016
March 11, 2024
Tennessee
December 20, 2012
March 5, 2018
April 10, 2023
West Virginia
December 20, 2012
Wisconsin
December 20, 2012
August 10, 2015
April 11, 2022
Wyoming
December 20, 2012
November 21, 2016
October 20, 2025
Nebraska
February 15, 2013
October 17, 2016
February 20, 2024
Alabama
by February 28, 2013
April 25, 2022
April 25, 2022
Florida
by February 28, 2013
January 17, 2023
January 17, 2023
Kansas
by February 28, 2013
December 14, 2020
June 2, 2025
Utah
by February 28, 2013
January 28, 2019
March 13, 2023
Vermont
by February 28, 2013
November 10, 2025
November 10, 2025
Hawaii
September 9, 2013
December 12, 2022
May 19, 2025
Mississippi
by December 20, 2013
April 8, 2019
April 29, 2024
District of Columbia
by December 31, 2014
September 30, 2024
September 30, 2024
Nevada
by December 31, 2014
Arizona
by July 12, 2016
February 27, 2017
September 16, 2024
Arkansas
by December 8, 2016
June 6, 2016
July 31, 2023
New Mexico
December 22, 2016
June 18, 2018
May 13, 2024
Texas
by August 10, 2017
September 5, 2023
September 5, 2023
North Carolina
by October 12, 2017
February 25, 2019
June 30, 2025
Louisiana
by January 23, 2018
October 17, 2018
Michigan
by January 23, 2018
March 15, 2021
October 16, 2023
New York
by February 23, 2018
September 3, 2024
February 16, 2026
South Carolina
May 18, 2018
July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022
Idaho
July 31, 2018
August 22, 2016
November 18, 2024
North Dakota
September 10, 2018
November 16, 2015
May 9, 2022
New Hampshire
October 1, 2018
June 14, 2021
Puerto Rico
October 1, 2018
Washington
October 1, 2018
September 4, 2018
February 18, 2025
Massachusetts
November 1, 2018
March 26, 2018
June 27, 2022
Minnesota
November 19, 2018
September 30, 2019
September 19, 2022
Virginia
December 10, 2018
December 5, 2016
August 26, 2024
Guam
February 8, 2019
Illinois
March 20, 2019
U . Virgin Islands
by April 4, 2019
Alaska
by April 28, 2019
January 30, 2017
Missouri
by April 28, 2019
March 25, 2019
November 12, 2024
Montana
by April 28, 2019
November 23, 2020
November 13, 2023
Rhode Island
April 30, 2019
June 3, 2019
March 11, 2024
Pennsylvania
May 17, 2019
May 21, 2018
May 5, 2025
California
May 22, 2019

References

  1. H . 1268, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005, Uni
    https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/house-bill/1268
  2. Publius: The Journal of Federalism
    https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpublius%2Fpjaa010
  3. 90 FR 3472, Minimum Standards for Driver's Licenses and Identification Cards Acceptable by Federal Agencies for Official
    https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/90-FR-3472
  4. The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, U . Gov
    https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-911REPORT/pdf/GPO-911REPORT.pdf
  5. Pub. L. 108–458: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (text) (PDF) § 7212.
    https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/108/public/458?link-type=html
  6. H . 418, REAL ID Act of 2005, United States Congress.
    https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/house-bill/418
  7. 49 U . § 30301, Notes, Improved Security for Drivers' Licenses and Personal Identification Cards.
    https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/49/30301
  8. Pub. L. 110–177: Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 (text) (PDF) § 508.
    https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/177?link-type=html
  9. H . 3398, United States Congress.
    https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3398
  10. H . 3398 (115th): REAL ID Act Modification for Freely Associated States Act, Govtrack.
    https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr3398/summary
  11. Pub. L. 116–136: Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (text) (PDF) § 16006.
    https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/116/public/136?link-type=html
  12. Pub. L. 116–260: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (text) (PDF) § 1001.
    https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/116/public/260?link-type=html
  13. REAL ID Frequently Asked Questions, U . Department of Homeland Security, September 28, 2022.
    https://www.dhs.gov/real-id/real-id-faqs
  14. 6 CFR 37, REAL ID driver's licenses and identification cards.
    https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-6/part-37
  15. 73 FR 5272, Minimum Standards for Driver's Licenses and Identification Cards Acceptable by Federal Agencies for Official
    https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/73-FR-5272
  16. "State-to-State (S2S) Verification Service"
    https://www.aamva.org/technology/systems/driver-licensing-systems/state-to-state-verification-service-(s2s)
  17. "What Is Real REAL ID Compliance?"
    http://www.cato.org/blog/what-real-real-id-compliance
  18. Pub. L. 104–208: Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (text) (PDF) § 102.
    https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/104/public/208?link-type=html
  19. Pub. L. 109–367: Secure Fence Act of 2006 (text) (PDF) § 3.
    https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/109/public/367?link-type=html
  20. Pub. L. 110–161: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (text) (PDF) § 564.
    https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/161?link-type=html
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