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Qom

Updated: Wikipedia source

Qom

Qom (Persian: قم; [ɢom] ) is a city in the Central District of Qom County, Qom province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the seventh largest metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran. The city is 140 km (87 mi) to the south of Tehran, and on the banks of the Qom River. In antiquity the Qom region was a stronghold of the cult of Anahita, the Iranian goddess of fertility. André Godard has reported about an Anahita temple along the Qom River (Golshan River). A district called Taraznahid (Nahid is her Persian name), close to Qom, is also connected to the goddess. Qom is considered holy in Shi'a Islam, as it is the site of the shrine of Fatima bint Musa, sister of Imam Ali ibn Musa Rida (Persian: Imam Reza; 789–816 AD). The city is the largest center for Shi'a scholarship in the world and is a significant destination of pilgrimage, with around twenty million pilgrims visiting the city every year, the majority being Iranians but also other Shi'a Muslims from all around the world. Qom has developed into a lively industrial center owing, in part, to its proximity to Tehran. It is a regional center for the distribution of petroleum and petroleum products, and a natural gas pipeline from Bandar Anzali and Tehran and a crude oil pipeline from Tehran run through Qom to the Abadan refinery on the Persian Gulf. Qom gained additional prosperity when oil was discovered at Sarajeh near the city in 1956 and a large refinery was built between Qom and Tehran.

Infobox

Country
Iran
Province
Qom
County
Qom
District
Central
• Mayor
Faramarz Azimi
Elevation
936 m (3,071 ft)
• City
1,201,158
• Metro
1,260,000
• Population Rank in Iran
7th
Time zone
UTC 3:30 (IRST)
Postal code
37100
Area code
( 98) 025
Climate
BWh
Website
qom.ir

Tables

Month
Month
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Month
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Jan
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Feb
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Mar
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Apr
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
May
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Jun
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Jul
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Aug
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Sep
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Oct
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Nov
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Dec
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Year
Record high °C (°F)
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
23.4(74.1)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
26.5(79.7)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
35.5(95.9)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
37.0(98.6)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
41.8(107.2)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
45.9(114.6)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
47.0(116.6)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
45.6(114.1)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
42.3(108.1)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
37.7(99.9)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
31.0(87.8)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
22.5(72.5)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
47.0(116.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
10.2(50.4)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
13.6(56.5)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
19.1(66.4)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
26.0(78.8)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
31.8(89.2)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
37.9(100.2)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
40.3(104.5)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
39.4(102.9)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
34.9(94.8)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
27.7(81.9)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
18.9(66.0)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
12.2(54.0)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
26.0(78.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
4.2(39.6)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
7.1(44.8)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
12.0(53.6)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
18.3(64.9)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
23.6(74.5)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
29.1(84.4)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
31.8(89.2)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
30.3(86.5)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
25.2(77.4)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
19.0(66.2)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
11.5(52.7)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
6.1(43.0)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
18.2(64.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
−1.9(28.6)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.6(33.1)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
5.0(41.0)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
10.5(50.9)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
15.4(59.7)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
20.2(68.4)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
23.4(74.1)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
21.2(70.2)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
15.6(60.1)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
10.3(50.5)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
4.1(39.4)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
−0.1(31.8)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
10.4(50.7)
Record low °C (°F)
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
−23.0(−9.4)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
−11.2(11.8)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
−11.0(12.2)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
−0.2(31.6)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
5.4(41.7)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
8.0(46.4)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
15.0(59.0)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
11.8(53.2)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
6.5(43.7)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.6(33.1)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
−11.0(12.2)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
−10.5(13.1)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
−23.0(−9.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
25.4(1.00)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
20.5(0.81)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
27.7(1.09)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
20.2(0.80)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
10.4(0.41)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
2.3(0.09)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.7(0.03)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.3(0.01)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.8(0.03)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
6.2(0.24)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
14.3(0.56)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
19.4(0.76)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
148.2(5.83)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
4.4
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
4.1
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
4.2
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
3.9
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
2.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.4
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.2
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.1
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.3
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
1.8
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
2.6
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
3.2
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
27.2
Average snowy days
Average snowy days
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Average snowy days
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
3.1
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
1.4
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.3
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.1
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
0.9
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
5.8
Average relative humidity (%)
Average relative humidity (%)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Average relative humidity (%)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
66
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
58
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
48
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
42
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
33
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
24
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
23
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
24
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
26
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
38
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
52
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
66
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
41
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
185.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
194.0
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
221.5
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
233.3
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
296.6
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
351.5
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
354.5
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
347.3
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
309.9
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
263.4
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
204.9
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
172.7
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
3,134.6
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records), (temperatures), (precipitation), (humidity), (days with precipitation and snow), (sunshine)
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records), (temperatures), (precipitation), (humidity), (days with precipitation and snow), (sunshine)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records), (temperatures), (precipitation), (humidity), (days with precipitation and snow), (sunshine)
Climate data for Qom (1986–2010, records 1986–2020)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
23.4(74.1)
26.5(79.7)
35.5(95.9)
37.0(98.6)
41.8(107.2)
45.9(114.6)
47.0(116.6)
45.6(114.1)
42.3(108.1)
37.7(99.9)
31.0(87.8)
22.5(72.5)
47.0(116.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
10.2(50.4)
13.6(56.5)
19.1(66.4)
26.0(78.8)
31.8(89.2)
37.9(100.2)
40.3(104.5)
39.4(102.9)
34.9(94.8)
27.7(81.9)
18.9(66.0)
12.2(54.0)
26.0(78.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)
4.2(39.6)
7.1(44.8)
12.0(53.6)
18.3(64.9)
23.6(74.5)
29.1(84.4)
31.8(89.2)
30.3(86.5)
25.2(77.4)
19.0(66.2)
11.5(52.7)
6.1(43.0)
18.2(64.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−1.9(28.6)
0.6(33.1)
5.0(41.0)
10.5(50.9)
15.4(59.7)
20.2(68.4)
23.4(74.1)
21.2(70.2)
15.6(60.1)
10.3(50.5)
4.1(39.4)
−0.1(31.8)
10.4(50.7)
Record low °C (°F)
−23.0(−9.4)
−11.2(11.8)
−11.0(12.2)
−0.2(31.6)
5.4(41.7)
8.0(46.4)
15.0(59.0)
11.8(53.2)
6.5(43.7)
0.6(33.1)
−11.0(12.2)
−10.5(13.1)
−23.0(−9.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
25.4(1.00)
20.5(0.81)
27.7(1.09)
20.2(0.80)
10.4(0.41)
2.3(0.09)
0.7(0.03)
0.3(0.01)
0.8(0.03)
6.2(0.24)
14.3(0.56)
19.4(0.76)
148.2(5.83)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
4.4
4.1
4.2
3.9
2.0
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.3
1.8
2.6
3.2
27.2
Average snowy days
3.1
1.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.9
5.8
Average relative humidity (%)
66
58
48
42
33
24
23
24
26
38
52
66
41
Mean monthly sunshine hours
185.0
194.0
221.5
233.3
296.6
351.5
354.5
347.3
309.9
263.4
204.9
172.7
3,134.6
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records), (temperatures), (precipitation), (humidity), (days with precipitation and snow), (sunshine)
· Twin towns
Baalbek, Lebanon Karbala, Iraq Najaf, Iraq Konya, Turkey Santiago de Compostela, Spain Karachi, Pakistan

References

  1. Also known as Ghom, Ghum, or Qum
  2. amar.org.ir
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210111121233/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_25.xlsx
  3. OpenStreetMap
    https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=34.64&mlon=50.876389&zoom=13#map=13/34.64000/50.87639
  4. www.rouydad24.ir
    https://www.rouydad24.ir/fa/news/412633/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%7C-%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%82%D9%85
  5. citypopulation.de
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180913144137/http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html
  6. lamtakam.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250106010914/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/92651
  7. rc.majlis.ir
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141130203728/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113026
  8. The metropolises of Iran amar.org.ir Retrieved 19 Oct 2018
    https://www.amar.org.ir/news/ID/2928/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DB%8C%DA%A9-%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF
  9. The largest cities in Iran worldatlas.com Retrieved 21 Oct 2018
    https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-biggest-cities-in-iran.html
  10. The province Qom yjc.ir Retrieved 21 Oct 2018
    https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4784646/%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A2%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%82%D9%85
  11. The biography of Hazrat Ma'sumeh tasnimnews.com Retrieved 4 October 2018.
    https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1392/06/16/134932/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA
  12. Alex Shams (6 December 2018), "On Persian pilgrimages, Pakistanis and Indians reconnect with Iran", Dawn News. Retrieved
    https://www.dawn.com/news/1449825
  13. "💠 نظری به گذشته تاریخی قم | بنیاد قم پژوهی"
    http://qompajoohi.ir/%f0%9f%92%a0-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%a8%d9%87-%da%af%d8%b0%d8%b4%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%ae%db%8c-%d9%82%d9%85/
  14. اداره كل ميراث فرهنگی،صنایع دستی و گردشگری استان قم
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250715170838/https://qom.mcth.ir/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%82%D9%85/
  15. Kleiss, 1973, p. 181; idem, 1981, pp. 66–67; idem, 1985, pp. 173–79
  16. Hakemi, pp. 16, 22, 26, 28, 35, 39
  17. Ghirshman, 1962, pl. 52; Hakemi, pp. 13–14 and pl. 3
  18. Qomi, pp. 65, 82, 84–86
  19. Schippmann, pp. 416–21
  20. for a summary, see Drechsler, pp. 44–46
  21. Qomi, pp. 22–23, 32, 37, 61, 62, 69–71, 74, 77, 82, 90, 137–38
  22. Qomi, pp. 88–89
  23. Qomi, pp. 70–71; Nehāyat al-erab, p. 179; Widengren, pp. 271, 743–45
  24. Ebn Aʿṯam, I, p. 201, II, pp. 31, 33, 58/59; Nehāyat al-Erab, pp. 383, 388
  25. Frye, 1956, p. 320; idem, 1975, p. 11; Gyselen, pp. 28, 73–74
  26. Drechsler, pp. 57–60
  27. Balāḏori, pp. 312–14; Drechsler, pp. 69–74
  28. Qomi, p. 38; Ṭabari, II, p. 992
  29. Qomi, pp. 242–50, 258–65, 284–91; Drechsler, pp. 78–91
  30. Qomi, pp. 48–49, 242, 244, 250, 253–57, 260, 262–63
  31. Qomi, pp. 31, 101–02, 164, 213–14; Ebn Bābuya, II, p. 271; Modarresi Ṭabāṭabāʾi 1976, I, p. 18; Drechsler, pp. 124–31
  32. Qomi, pp. 35, 102–04, 156–57, 163–64; Ṭabari, III, pp. 1092–93, 1102, 1106, 1111; Modarresi Ṭabāṭabāʾi, 1983, p. 166; Dr
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  35. Ṭabari, III, p. 2024, tr. XXXVII, p. 78; Qomi, pp. 35, 157–58, 163, 215; Najāši, pp. 33, 132; Ṭusi, pp. 20, 25, 247–48;
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