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Qatar

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Qatar

Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. The Gulf of Bahrain, an inlet of the Persian Gulf, separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain. The capital is Doha, home to over 80% of the country's inhabitants. Most of the land area is made up of flat, low-lying desert. Qatar has been ruled as a hereditary monarchy by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed an agreement with Britain in 1868 that recognised its separate status. Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in 1916 and gained independence in 1971. The current emir is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who, like previous emirs, holds nearly all executive, legislative, and judicial authority in an autocratic manner under the Constitution of Qatar. He appoints the prime minister and cabinet. The Consultative Assembly (also known as the "Shura Council") can block legislation and has a limited ability to dismiss ministers, but is fully appointed by the emir. While Qatar held a partial Shura Council election in 2021, with two thirds of seats elected, in 2024 it moved to abolish those elections altogether, and reverted to a fully appointed Assembly. In early 2017, the population of Qatar was 2.6 million, although only 313,000 of them were Qatari citizens and 2.3 million were expatriates and migrant workers. Its official religion is Islam. The country has the fourth-highest GDP (PPP) per capita in the world and the eleventh-highest GNI per capita (Atlas method). It ranks 42nd in the Human Development Index, the third-highest HDI in the Arab world. It is a high-income economy, backed by the world's third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves. Qatar is one of the world's largest exporters of liquefied natural gas and the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide per capita. In the 21st century, Qatar emerged as both a major non-NATO ally of the United States and a middle power in the Arab world. Its economy has grown rapidly due to its resource-wealth, and its geopolitical power has risen through its media group, Al Jazeera Media Network, and reported financial support for rebel groups during the Arab Spring. Qatar also forms part of the Gulf Cooperation Council.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Doha 25°18′N 51°31′E / 25.300°N 51.517°E / 25.300; 51.517
Official languages
Arabic
Ethnic groups (2019)
mw- 49% Arab li 43% South Asian 21.8% Indian 12.5% Bangladeshi 4.7% Pakistani 4.35% Sri Lankan 7% other
Religion (2020)
65.5% Islam (official)15.1% Hinduism14.2% Christianity3.3% Buddhism1.9% other
Demonym
Qatari
Government
Unitary semi-constitutional monarchy
• Emir
Tamim bin Hamad
• Deputy Emir
Abdullah bin Hamad
• Prime Minister
Mohammed bin Abdulrahman
Legislature
Consultative Assembly
• Qatar National Day
18 December 1878
• Declared independence
1 September 1971
• Independence from the United Kingdom
3 September 1971
• Total
$222.780 billion (54th)
• Water (%)
negligible
• 2024 estimate
3,173,024 (134th)
• 2020 census
2,846,118
• Density
264/km2 (683.8/sq mi) (52th)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$71,650 (9th)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2017)
35.1 } }medium inequality
HDI (2023)
0.886very high (43rd)
Currency
Qatari riyal (QAR)
Time zone
UTC 3:00 (AST)
Calling code
974
ISO 3166 code
QA
Internet TLD
qaقطر.

Tables

Month
Month
Climate data for Qatar
Month
Climate data for Qatar
Jan
Climate data for Qatar
Feb
Climate data for Qatar
Mar
Climate data for Qatar
Apr
Climate data for Qatar
May
Climate data for Qatar
Jun
Climate data for Qatar
Jul
Climate data for Qatar
Aug
Climate data for Qatar
Sep
Climate data for Qatar
Oct
Climate data for Qatar
Nov
Climate data for Qatar
Dec
Climate data for Qatar
Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Qatar
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Qatar
22(72)
Climate data for Qatar
23(73)
Climate data for Qatar
27(81)
Climate data for Qatar
33(91)
Climate data for Qatar
39(102)
Climate data for Qatar
42(108)
Climate data for Qatar
42(108)
Climate data for Qatar
42(108)
Climate data for Qatar
39(102)
Climate data for Qatar
35(95)
Climate data for Qatar
30(86)
Climate data for Qatar
25(77)
Climate data for Qatar
33(92)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Qatar
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Qatar
14(57)
Climate data for Qatar
15(59)
Climate data for Qatar
17(63)
Climate data for Qatar
21(70)
Climate data for Qatar
27(81)
Climate data for Qatar
29(84)
Climate data for Qatar
31(88)
Climate data for Qatar
31(88)
Climate data for Qatar
29(84)
Climate data for Qatar
25(77)
Climate data for Qatar
21(70)
Climate data for Qatar
16(61)
Climate data for Qatar
23(74)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Qatar
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Qatar
12.7(0.50)
Climate data for Qatar
17.8(0.70)
Climate data for Qatar
15.2(0.60)
Climate data for Qatar
7.6(0.30)
Climate data for Qatar
2.5(0.10)
Climate data for Qatar
0(0)
Climate data for Qatar
0(0)
Climate data for Qatar
0(0)
Climate data for Qatar
0(0)
Climate data for Qatar
0(0)
Climate data for Qatar
2.5(0.10)
Climate data for Qatar
12.7(0.50)
Climate data for Qatar
71(2.8)
Source: .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }"Doha Annual Weather Averages". World Weather Online. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
Source: .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }"Doha Annual Weather Averages". World Weather Online. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
Climate data for Qatar
Source: .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }"Doha Annual Weather Averages". World Weather Online. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
Climate data for Qatar
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
22(72)
23(73)
27(81)
33(91)
39(102)
42(108)
42(108)
42(108)
39(102)
35(95)
30(86)
25(77)
33(92)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
14(57)
15(59)
17(63)
21(70)
27(81)
29(84)
31(88)
31(88)
29(84)
25(77)
21(70)
16(61)
23(74)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
12.7(0.50)
17.8(0.70)
15.2(0.60)
7.6(0.30)
2.5(0.10)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
2.5(0.10)
12.7(0.50)
71(2.8)
Source: .mw- .mw- .mw- body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }"Doha Annual Weather Averages". World Weather Online. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
· Geography › Climate
Month
Month
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Month
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Jan
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Feb
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Mar
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Apr
Sea Climate Data For Doha
May
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Jun
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Jul
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Aug
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Sep
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Oct
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Nov
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Dec
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F)
Average sea temperature °C (°F)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Average sea temperature °C (°F)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
21.0(69.8)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
19.4(66.9)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
20.9(69.6)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
23.3(73.9)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
27.8(82)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
30.5(86.9)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
32.4(90.3)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
33.6(92.5)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
32.8(91)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
30.8(87.4)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
27.5(81.5)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
23.5(74.3)
Sea Climate Data For Doha
26.9(80.5)
Source:
Source:
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Source:
Sea Climate Data For Doha
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F)
21.0(69.8)
19.4(66.9)
20.9(69.6)
23.3(73.9)
27.8(82)
30.5(86.9)
32.4(90.3)
33.6(92.5)
32.8(91)
30.8(87.4)
27.5(81.5)
23.5(74.3)
26.9(80.5)
Source:

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  2. The English pronunciation is commonly /kəˈtɑːr/ ⓘ kə-TAR or, approximating Arabic, /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ KAH-tar; other variants in
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