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Python (programming language)

Updated: Wikipedia source

Python (programming language)

Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. Python is dynamically type-checked and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC programming language. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision and not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Beginning with Python 3.5, capabilities and keywords for typing were added to the language, allowing optional static typing. As of 2025, the Python Software Foundation supports Python 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, and 3.14, following the projects annual release cycle and five-year support policy. Earlier versions in the 3.x series have reached end-of-life and no longer receive security updates. Python has gained widespread use in the machine learning community. It is widely taught as an introductory programming language. Since 2003, Python has consistently ranked in the top ten of the most popular programming languages in the TIOBE Programming Community Index, which ranks based on searches in 24 platforms.

Infobox

Paradigm
Multi-paradigm: object-oriented, procedural (imperative), functional, structured, reflective
Designed by
Guido van Rossum
Developer
Python Software Foundation
First appeared
20 February 1991; 34 years ago (1991-02-20)
Stable release
3.14.2 / 5 December 2025; 6 days ago (5 December 2025)
Typing discipline
Duck, dynamic, strong; optional type annotations[a]
OS
Cross-platform including 32-bit Windows 10 and e.g. for mobile; Android and iOS (both 64-bit)[b]
License
Python Software Foundation License
Filename extensions
py, , , , ,
Website
python.org
Memory management
Garbage-collected

Tables

Summary of Python 3's built-in types · Syntax and semantics › Typing
bool
bool
Type
bool
Mutability
immutable
Description
Boolean value
Syntax examples
TrueFalse
bytearray
bytearray
Type
bytearray
Mutability
mutable
Description
Sequence of bytes
Syntax examples
bytearray(b'Some ASCII')bytearray(b"Some ASCII")bytearray([119, 105, 107, 105])
bytes
bytes
Type
bytes
Mutability
immutable
Description
Sequence of bytes
Syntax examples
b'Some ASCII'b"Some ASCII"bytes([119, 105, 107, 105])
complex
complex
Type
complex
Mutability
immutable
Description
Complex number with real and imaginary parts
Syntax examples
3+2.7j3 + 2.7j5j
dict
dict
Type
dict
Mutability
mutable
Description
Associative array (or dictionary) of key and value pairs; can contain mixed types (keys and values); keys must be a hashable type
Syntax examples
{'key1': 1
types.EllipsisType
types.EllipsisType
Type
types.EllipsisType
Mutability
immutable
Description
An ellipsis placeholder to be used as an index in NumPy arrays
Syntax examples
Ellipsis
float
float
Type
float
Mutability
immutable
Description
Double-precision floating-point number. The precision is machine-dependent, but in practice it is generally implemented as a 64-bit IEEE 754 number with 53 bits of precision.
Syntax examples
1.33333
frozenset
frozenset
Type
frozenset
Mutability
immutable
Description
Unordered set, contains no duplicates; can contain mixed types, if hashable
Syntax examples
frozenset({4.0, 'string', True}) frozenset()
int
int
Type
int
Mutability
immutable
Description
Integer of unlimited magnitude
Syntax examples
42
list
list
Type
list
Mutability
mutable
Description
List, can contain mixed types
Syntax examples
[4.0, 'string', True][]
types.NoneType
types.NoneType
Type
types.NoneType
Mutability
immutable
Description
An object representing the absence of a value, often called null in other languages
Syntax examples
None
types.NotImplementedType
types.NotImplementedType
Type
types.NotImplementedType
Mutability
immutable
Description
A placeholder that can be returned from overloaded operators to indicate unsupported operand types.
Syntax examples
NotImplemented
range
range
Type
range
Mutability
immutable
Description
An immutable sequence of numbers, commonly used for iterating a specific number of times in for loops
Syntax examples
range(−1, 10)range(10, −5, −2)
set
set
Type
set
Mutability
mutable
Description
Unordered set, contains no duplicates; can contain mixed types, if hashable
Syntax examples
{4.0, 'string', True}set()
str
str
Type
str
Mutability
immutable
Description
A character string: sequence of Unicode codepoints
Syntax examples
'Wikipedia'"Wikipedia""""Spanning multiple lines"""
tuple
tuple
Type
tuple
Mutability
immutable
Description
Tuple, can contain mixed types
Syntax examples
(4.0, 'string', True)('single element',)()
Type
Mutability
Description
Syntax examples
bool
immutable
Boolean value
TrueFalse
bytearray
mutable
Sequence of bytes
bytearray(b'Some ASCII')bytearray(b"Some ASCII")bytearray([119, 105, 107, 105])
bytes
immutable
Sequence of bytes
b'Some ASCII'b"Some ASCII"bytes([119, 105, 107, 105])
complex
immutable
Complex number with real and imaginary parts
3+2.7j3 + 2.7j5j
dict
mutable
Associative array (or dictionary) of key and value pairs; can contain mixed types (keys and values); keys must be a hashable type
{'key1': 1
types.EllipsisType
immutable
An ellipsis placeholder to be used as an index in NumPy arrays
Ellipsis
float
immutable
Double-precision floating-point number. The precision is machine-dependent, but in practice it is generally implemented as a 64-bit IEEE 754 number with 53 bits of precision.
1.33333
frozenset
immutable
Unordered set, contains no duplicates; can contain mixed types, if hashable
frozenset({4.0, 'string', True}) frozenset()
int
immutable
Integer of unlimited magnitude
42
list
mutable
List, can contain mixed types
string', True][]
types.NoneType
immutable
An object representing the absence of a value, often called null in other languages
None
types.NotImplementedType
immutable
A placeholder that can be returned from overloaded operators to indicate unsupported operand types.
NotImplemented
range
immutable
An immutable sequence of numbers, commonly used for iterating a specific number of times in for loops
range(−1, 10)range(10, −5, −2)
set
mutable
Unordered set, contains no duplicates; can contain mixed types, if hashable
string', True}set()
str
immutable
A character string: sequence of Unicode codepoints
'Wikipedia Wikipedia Spanning multiple lines "
tuple
immutable
Tuple, can contain mixed types
string', True)('single element',)()

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