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Puerto Rico

Updated: Wikipedia source

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico (abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a self-governing Caribbean archipelago and island organized as an unincorporated territory of the United States under the designation of commonwealth. Located about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida, between the Dominican Republic in the Greater Antilles and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Lesser Antilles, it consists of the eponymous main island and numerous smaller islands, including Vieques, Culebra, and Mona. With approximately 3.2 million residents, it is divided into 78 municipalities, of which the most populous is the capital municipality of San Juan, followed by those within the San Juan metropolitan area. Spanish and English are the official languages of the government, though Spanish predominates. Puerto Rico was settled by a succession of Amerindian peoples beginning 2,000 to 4,000 years ago; these included the Ortoiroid, Saladoid, and Taíno. It was claimed by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 and subsequently colonized by Juan Ponce de León in 1508. Puerto Rico was contested by other European powers into the 18th century but remained a Spanish possession for the next 400 years. The decline of the Indigenous population, followed by an influx of Spanish settlers, primarily from the Canary Islands and Andalusia, and African slaves vastly changed the cultural and demographic landscape of the archipelago. Within the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategically significant role compared to larger and wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain. By the late 19th century, a distinct Puerto Rican identity began to emerge, centered on a fusion of European, African, and Indigenous elements. In 1898, following the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was acquired by the United States. Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917 and can move freely between the archipelago and the mainland. However, residents of Puerto Rico are disenfranchised from federal elections and generally do not pay federal income tax. In common with four other territories, Puerto Rico sends a nonvoting representative to the U.S. Congress, called a Resident Commissioner, and participates in presidential primaries; as it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the U.S. Congress, which oversees it under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. Congress approved a territorial constitution in 1952, allowing residents of the archipelago to elect a governor in addition to a senate and house of representatives. The political status of Puerto Rico is an ongoing debate. Beginning in the mid-20th century, the U.S. government, together with the Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company, launched a series of economic projects to develop Puerto Rico into an industrial high-income economy. It is classified by the International Monetary Fund as a developed jurisdiction with an advanced, high-income economy; it ranks 47th on the Human Development Index. The major sectors of Puerto Rico's economy are manufacturing, primarily pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and electronics, followed by services, namely tourism and hospitality.

Infobox

Sovereign state
United States[a]
Before annexation by the United States
Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
Cession from Spain
December 10, 1898
Current constitution
July 25, 1952
Capital and largest municipality
San Juan 18°27′N 66°6′W / 18.450°N 66.100°W / 18.450; -66.100
Largest metropolitan area
San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area
Official languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li SpanishEnglish
Ethnic groups (2020)
mw- By race: 49.78% Mixed 17.06% White 6.96% Black 0.54% Native 0.12% Asian 0.02% Pacific Islander 25.51% Other By origin: 98.9% Hispanic or Latino 1.1% non-Hispanic or Latino
Demonym(s)
Puerto Rican (Spanish: puertorriqueño -a)boricua (neutral)[c]borinqueño -a borincano -apuertorro -a[d]
Government
Devolved presidential constitutional dependency
• President
Donald Trump (R)
• Governor
Jenniffer González-Colón (PNP) (R)
• Secretary of State
Rosachely Rivera Santana (PNP) (D)
Legislature
Legislative Assembly
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
Judiciary
Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
• Resident Commissioner
Pablo Hernández Rivera (PPD) (D)
• Total
$120.970 billion (64th)
• Land
8,868 km2 (3,424 sq mi)
• Water
4,924 km2 (1,901 sq mi)
• Water (%)
35.6
• Length
177[f] km (110 mi)
• Width
65 km (40 mi)
Highest elevation
1,338 m (4,390 ft)
• 2024 estimate
3,203,295[h] (33rd), (136th)
• 2020 census
3,285,874
• Density
361.4/km2 (936.0/sq mi) (36th)
GDP (PPP)
2024 estimate
• Per capita
$37,930 (27th)
GDP (nominal)
2024 estimate
Gini (2024)
58 } }high
HDI (2022)
0.868very high · 47th
Currency
United States dollar (US$) (USD)
Time zone
UTC−04:00 (AST)
Date format
dd/mm/yyyymm/dd/yyyy
Driving side
Right
Calling code
1
USPS abbreviation
PR
ISO 3166 code
PRUS-PR
Internet TLD
pr
Website
pr.gov

Tables

· Demographics › Immigration and emigration
Year
Year
Racial groups
Year
Racial groups
Population
Racial groups
White
Racial groups
Mixed (mainly biracial white European and black African)
Racial groups
Black
Racial groups
Asian
Racial groups
Other
2000
2000
Racial groups
2000
Racial groups
3,808,610
Racial groups
80.5% (3,064,862)
Racial groups
11.0% (418,426)
Racial groups
8.0% (302,933)
Racial groups
0.2% (7,960)
Racial groups
0.4% (14,429)
2010
2010
Racial groups
2010
Racial groups
3,725,789
Racial groups
75.8% (2,824,148)
Racial groups
11.1% (413,563)
Racial groups
12.4% (461,998)
Racial groups
0.2% (7,452)
Racial groups
0.6% (22,355)
2016
2016
Racial groups
2016
Racial groups
3,195,153
Racial groups
68.9% (2,201,460)
Racial groups
n/a (n/a)
Racial groups
9.8% (313,125)
Racial groups
0.2% (6,390)
Racial groups
0.8% (25,561)
Racial groups
Year
Population
White
Mixed (mainly biracial white European and black African)
Black
Asian
Other
2000
3,808,610
80.5% (3,064,862)
11.0% (418,426)
8.0% (302,933)
0.2% (7,960)
0.4% (14,429)
2010
3,725,789
75.8% (2,824,148)
11.1% (413,563)
12.4% (461,998)
0.2% (7,452)
0.6% (22,355)
2016
3,195,153
68.9% (2,201,460)
n/a (n/a)
9.8% (313,125)
0.2% (6,390)
0.8% (25,561)

References

  1. Despite being under the sovereignty of the United States since 1898, Puerto Rico has not been fully incorporated into th
  2. The definition of Commonwealth according to U.S. State Department policy (as codified in the department's Foreign Affair
  3. The term boricua is gender-neutral, whereas the terms puertorriqueño, borinqueño, borincano, and puertorro are male-spec
  4. The term puertorro -a is used popularly, spontaneously, and politely to refer to Puerto Ricans or Puerto Rico. It is occ
  5. The area of the island of Puerto Rico, the main island of the archipelago of the same name, is 5,325 square miles (13,79
  6. Puerto Rico, the main island of the archipelago of the same name, is 178 kilometers long (110 statute miles; 96 nautical
  7. Cerro de Punta in the Cordillera Central mountain range is the highest elevation in Puerto Rico.
  8. Puerto Rico is the 4th most populated island in the Caribbean, 27th most populated island in the world, and 136th most p
  9. English pronunciation: /ˌpɔːrtoʊ ˈriːkoʊ, ˌpwɛərtoʊ -, -tə -/ POR-toh REE-koh, PWAIR-toh -⁠, -⁠tə -⁠Spanish pronunciatio
  10. Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit. 'Free Associated State of Puerto Rico'
  11. Puerto Rico was acquired along with Guam and the Philippines via the 1898 Treaty of Paris ending the Spanish–American Wa
  12. See the Political status of Puerto Rico article for more information.
  13. Proyecto Salón Hogar (in Spanish) "Los españoles le cambiaron el nombre de Borikén a San Juan Bautista y a la capital le
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  17. pr.gov (in Spanish) "Algunas de las industrias más destacadas dentro del sector de la manufactura son: las farmacéuticas
  18. Torrech San Inocencio (2011; in Spanish) "Con los más de $1,500 millones anuales que recibimos en asistencia federal par
  19. Millán Rodriguez (2013; in Spanish) "Los representantes del Pueblo en la Junta de Gobierno de la Autoridad de Energía El
  20. Vera Rosa (2013; in Spanish) "Aunque Puerto Rico mueve entre el sector público y privado $15 billones en el área de salu
  21. Vera Rosado (2013; in Spanish) "Para mejorar la calidad de servicio, que se impacta principalmente por deficiencias admi
  22. González (2012; in Spanish) "[...] al analizarse la deuda pública de la Isla contra el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), se
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  24. Quintero (2013; in Spanish) "Los indicadores de una economía débil son muchos, y la economía en Puerto Rico está sumamen
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