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Psycho (1960 film)

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Psycho (1960 film)

Psycho is a 1960 American horror film produced and directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The screenplay, written by Joseph Stefano, was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Bloch. The film stars Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, Vera Miles, John Gavin and Martin Balsam. The plot centers on an encounter between on-the-run embezzler Marion Crane (Leigh), shy motel proprietor Norman Bates (Perkins) and his disturbed mother. A private investigator (Balsam), Marion's lover Sam Loomis (Gavin) and her sister Lila (Miles) investigate her disappearance. Psycho was seen as a departure from Hitchcock's previous film, North by Northwest (1959), as it was filmed on a small budget in black-and-white by the crew of his television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents. Initially, the film divided critics due to its controversial subject matter, but audience interest and outstanding box-office returns prompted a major critical re-evaluation. Psycho was a massive commercial success; from a budget of $806,947 ($6.2 million with 2025 inflation), the film gained $50 million ($384.5 million with 2025 inflation) at the box office, worldwide, not including the money made with rentals. Psycho was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Director for Hitchcock and Best Supporting Actress for Leigh. Psycho is now considered one of Hitchcock's best films, and is arguably his most famous and influential work. It has been hailed as a major work of cinematic art by international film critics and scholars who praise its slick direction, tense atmosphere, impressive camerawork, memorable score and iconic performances. Additionally, the shower scene has become one of the best-known in all of cinema. It is regarded as "the most heavily analyzed film in the long career of the most investigated director in the history of American film" and often ranked among the greatest films of all time. It set a new level of acceptability for violence, deviant behavior and sexuality in American films, and has been considered to be one of the earliest examples of the slasher film genre. After Hitchcock's death in 1980, Universal Pictures produced follow-ups: three sequels, a remake, a made-for-television spin-off and a television series. In 1992, the Library of Congress deemed the film "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected it for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Infobox

Directed by
Alfred Hitchcock
Screenplay by
Joseph Stefano
Based on
Psycho by Robert Bloch
Produced by
Alfred Hitchcock
Starring
mw- Anthony Perkins Vera Miles John Gavin Martin Balsam John McIntire Janet Leigh
Cinematography
John L. Russell
Edited by
George Tomasini
Music by
Bernard Herrmann
Productioncompany
Shamley Productions
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures[a]
Release dates
June 16, 1960 (1960-06-16) (New York City) September 8, 1960 (1960-09-08) (United States)
Running time
109 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$806,947
Box office
$50 million

Tables

· Accolades
Academy Awards
Academy Awards
Award
Academy Awards
Category
Best Director
Nominee(s)
Alfred Hitchcock
Result
Nominated
Best Supporting Actress
Best Supporting Actress
Award
Best Supporting Actress
Category
Janet Leigh
Nominee(s)
Nominated
Best Art Direction – Black-and-White
Best Art Direction – Black-and-White
Award
Best Art Direction – Black-and-White
Category
Art Direction: Joseph Hurley and Robert Clatworthy; Set Decoration: George Milo
Nominee(s)
Nominated
Best Cinematography – Black-and-White
Best Cinematography – Black-and-White
Award
Best Cinematography – Black-and-White
Category
John L. Russell
Nominee(s)
Nominated
Bambi Awards
Bambi Awards
Award
Bambi Awards
Category
Best Actor – International
Nominee(s)
Anthony Perkins
Result
Nominated
Cahiers du cinéma
Cahiers du cinéma
Award
Cahiers du cinéma
Category
Best Film
Nominee(s)
Alfred Hitchcock
Result
Nominated
Directors Guild of America Awards
Directors Guild of America Awards
Award
Directors Guild of America Awards
Category
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures
Nominee(s)
Nominated
Edgar Allan Poe Awards
Edgar Allan Poe Awards
Award
Edgar Allan Poe Awards
Category
Best Motion Picture
Nominee(s)
Joseph Stefano (screenwriter) and Robert Bloch (author)
Result
Won
Golden Globe Awards
Golden Globe Awards
Award
Golden Globe Awards
Category
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
Nominee(s)
Janet Leigh
Result
Won
Laurel Awards
Laurel Awards
Award
Laurel Awards
Category
Top Drama
Nominee(s)
Nominated
Top Female Supporting Performance
Top Female Supporting Performance
Award
Top Female Supporting Performance
Category
Janet Leigh
Nominee(s)
Nominated
National Film Preservation Board
National Film Preservation Board
Award
National Film Preservation Board
Category
National Film Registry
Nominee(s)
Inducted
Satellite Awards (2005)
Satellite Awards (2005)
Award
Satellite Awards (2005)
Category
Best Classic DVD
Nominee(s)
Psycho (Part of the Alfred Hitchcock: The Masterpiece Collection)
Result
Nominated
Satellite Awards (2008)
Satellite Awards (2008)
Award
Satellite Awards (2008)
Category
Psycho
Nominee(s)
Nominated
Saturn Awards (2008)
Saturn Awards (2008)
Award
Saturn Awards (2008)
Category
Best Classic Film Release
Nominee(s)
Psycho (Universal Legacy Series)
Result
Won
Saturn Awards (2010)
Saturn Awards (2010)
Award
Saturn Awards (2010)
Category
Psycho (The 50th Anniversary Edition)
Nominee(s)
Nominated
Saturn Awards (2012)
Saturn Awards (2012)
Award
Saturn Awards (2012)
Category
Best DVD or Blu-ray Collection
Nominee(s)
Psycho (Part of the Alfred Hitchcock: The Masterpiece Collection)
Result
Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards
Writers Guild of America Awards
Award
Writers Guild of America Awards
Category
Best Written American Drama
Nominee(s)
Joseph Stefano
Result
Nominated
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
Academy Awards
Best Director
Alfred Hitchcock
Nominated
Best Supporting Actress
Janet Leigh
Nominated
Best Art Direction – Black-and-White
Art Direction: Joseph Hurley and Robert Clatworthy; Set Decoration: George Milo
Nominated
Best Cinematography – Black-and-White
John L. Russell
Nominated
Bambi Awards
Best Actor – International
Anthony Perkins
Nominated
Cahiers du cinéma
Best Film
Alfred Hitchcock
Nominated
Directors Guild of America Awards
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures
Nominated
Edgar Allan Poe Awards
Best Motion Picture
Joseph Stefano (screenwriter) and Robert Bloch (author)
Won
Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
Janet Leigh
Won
Laurel Awards
Top Drama
Nominated
Top Female Supporting Performance
Janet Leigh
Nominated
National Film Preservation Board
National Film Registry
Inducted
Satellite Awards (2005)
Best Classic DVD
Psycho (Part of the Alfred Hitchcock: The Masterpiece Collection)
Nominated
Satellite Awards (2008)
Psycho
Nominated
Saturn Awards (2008)
Best Classic Film Release
Psycho (Universal Legacy Series)
Won
Saturn Awards (2010)
Psycho (The 50th Anniversary Edition)
Nominated
Saturn Awards (2012)
Best DVD or Blu-ray Collection
Psycho (Part of the Alfred Hitchcock: The Masterpiece Collection)
Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards
Best Written American Drama
Joseph Stefano
Nominated

References

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  133. These are from (in order): Daily News (New York), New York Daily Mirror, and The Village Voice
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  135. alumnus.caltech.edu
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  137. St. Petersburg Times
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  138. The Washington Post
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  139. The Evening Star
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  140. The Washington Daily News
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  141. Chicago Daily Tribune
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  142. Buffalo Evening News
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  143. Boston Globe
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  144. Detroit Free Press
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  145. Psycho
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  146. Rocky Mountain News
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  149. Evening Standard
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  150. Daily Mirror
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  151. Sunday Mirror
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  152. Sunday People
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  153. Sunday Dispatch
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  154. The Daily Telegraph
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  155. The Daily Telegraph
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  156. The Observer
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  157. The Guardian
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