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As head of government.
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The position was created by an independent revolutionary state, the "Malolos Republic", but was not recognized internati
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From an international standpoint at that time, the First Philippine Republic never existed but rather, Spain ceded its S
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The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) has indicated on their website that the president's salary grade is the 33
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The four vice presidents who succeeded to the presidency upon their predecessor's death or resignation and finished-out
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