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Potash

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Potash

Potash ( POT-ash) are mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form. The term potash derives from pot ash, either plant ashes or wood ashes that were soaked in water in a pot, which was the primary means of manufacturing potash before the Industrial Era; the word potassium derives from the term potash. In 2021, the worldwide production of potash exceeded 71.9 million tonnes (~45.4 million tonnes K2O equivalent), and Canada is the greatest producer of potash as fertilizer. Potassium was first derived in 1807 by electrolysis of caustic potash (potassium hydroxide).

Tables

· Terminology
Potash fertilizer
Potash fertilizer
Common name
Potash fertilizer
Chemical name (Formula)
To the early 20th century: potassium carbonate (K2CO3); from the late-19th century: one or more compounds of potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), or potassium nitrate (KNO3). Does not contain potassium oxide (K2O), which plants do not take up; the amount of potassium is reported as K2O equivalent (i.e. if in K2O form), however, to allow direct comparison between different fertilizers using different types of potash.
Caustic potash or potash lye
Caustic potash or potash lye
Common name
Caustic potash or potash lye
Chemical name (Formula)
potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Carbonate of potash, salts of tartar, or pearl ash
Carbonate of potash, salts of tartar, or pearl ash
Common name
Carbonate of potash, salts of tartar, or pearl ash
Chemical name (Formula)
potassium carbonate (K2CO3)
Chlorate of potash
Chlorate of potash
Common name
Chlorate of potash
Chemical name (Formula)
potassium chlorate (KClO3)
Muriate of potash (MOP)
Muriate of potash (MOP)
Common name
Muriate of potash (MOP)
Chemical name (Formula)
potassium chloride (KCl:NaCl = 95:5 or higher)
Nitrate of potash or saltpeter
Nitrate of potash or saltpeter
Common name
Nitrate of potash or saltpeter
Chemical name (Formula)
potassium nitrate (KNO3)
Sulfate of potash (SOP)
Sulfate of potash (SOP)
Common name
Sulfate of potash (SOP)
Chemical name (Formula)
potassium sulfate (K2SO4)
Permanganate of potash
Permanganate of potash
Common name
Permanganate of potash
Chemical name (Formula)
potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
Common name
Chemical name (Formula)
Potash fertilizer
To the early 20th century: potassium carbonate (K2CO3); from the late-19th century: one or more compounds of potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), or potassium nitrate (KNO3). Does not contain potassium oxide (K2O), which plants do not take up; the amount of potassium is reported as K2O equivalent (i.e. if in K2O form), however, to allow direct comparison between different fertilizers using different types of potash.
Caustic potash or potash lye
potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Carbonate of potash, salts of tartar, or pearl ash
potassium carbonate (K2CO3)
Chlorate of potash
potassium chlorate (KClO3)
Muriate of potash (MOP)
potassium chloride (KCl:NaCl = 95:5 or higher)
Nitrate of potash or saltpeter
potassium nitrate (KNO3)
Sulfate of potash (SOP)
potassium sulfate (K2SO4)
Permanganate of potash
potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
List of countries by potash production · Production
2016
2016
Rank
2016
Country
2017
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2018
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2019
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2020
1
1
Rank
1
Country
Canada
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
10,789,662
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
12,562,695
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
14,023,931
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
12,643,318
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
13,881,665
2
2
Rank
2
Country
Russia
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
6,480,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
7,300,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
7,055,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
7,368,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
8,167,300
3
3
Rank
3
Country
Belarus
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
6,180,100
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
7,101,800
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
7,346,096
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
7,348,293
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
7,562,153
4
4
Rank
4
Country
China
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
5,783,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
5,534,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
5,452,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
5,902,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
5,530,000
5
5
Rank
5
Country
Germany
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,750,841
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,963,561
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,754,085
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,615,284
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,874,026
6
6
Rank
6
Country
Israel
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,093,100
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,126,700
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,149,300
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,043,500
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2,415,600
7
7
Rank
7
Country
Jordan
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
1,222,140
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
1,415,260
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
1,485,960
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
1,516,460
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
1,598,200
8
8
Rank
8
Country
Chile
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
1,303,840
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
1,238,630
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
991,180
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
683,540
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
966,680
9
9
Rank
9
Country
United States
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
510,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
480,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
520,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
510,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
460,000
10
10
Rank
10
Country
Spain
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
672,246
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
557,468
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
635,490
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
547,100
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
455,000
11
11
Rank
11
Country
Laos
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
198,600
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
307,600
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
343,500
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
286,900
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
442,500
12
12
Rank
12
Country
Brazil
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
316,429
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
306,296
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
201,181
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
269,300
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
276,600
13
13
Rank
13
Country
Uzbekistan
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
83,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
114,900
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
176,900
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
198,400
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
210,000
14
14
Rank
14
Country
United Kingdom
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
482,800
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
297,400
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
291,100
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
84,000
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
99,260
15
15
Rank
15
Country
Iran
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
10,500
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
15,300
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
32,900
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
37,200
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
37,000
16
16
Rank
16
Country
Turkmenistan
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
0
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
0
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
15,200
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
11,100
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
16,000
17
17
Rank
17
Country
Bolivia
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
0
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
0
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
1,700
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
17,800
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
4,400
Rank
Country
Extraction in metric tons K2O equivalent
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
1
Canada
10,789,662
12,562,695
14,023,931
12,643,318
13,881,665
2
Russia
6,480,000
7,300,000
7,055,000
7,368,000
8,167,300
3
Belarus
6,180,100
7,101,800
7,346,096
7,348,293
7,562,153
4
China
5,783,000
5,534,000
5,452,000
5,902,000
5,530,000
5
Germany
2,750,841
2,963,561
2,754,085
2,615,284
2,874,026
6
Israel
2,093,100
2,126,700
2,149,300
2,043,500
2,415,600
7
Jordan
1,222,140
1,415,260
1,485,960
1,516,460
1,598,200
8
Chile
1,303,840
1,238,630
991,180
683,540
966,680
9
United States
510,000
480,000
520,000
510,000
460,000
10
Spain
672,246
557,468
635,490
547,100
455,000
11
Laos
198,600
307,600
343,500
286,900
442,500
12
Brazil
316,429
306,296
201,181
269,300
276,600
13
Uzbekistan
83,000
114,900
176,900
198,400
210,000
14
United Kingdom
482,800
297,400
291,100
84,000
99,260
15
Iran
10,500
15,300
32,900
37,200
37,000
16
Turkmenistan
0
0
15,200
11,100
16,000
17
Bolivia
0
0
1,700
17,800
4,400
Total
38,876,258
42,321,610
43,475,523
42,082,195
44,996,384
Production of potash and reserves at some current mines (being <2% of global reserves)(both }} equivalent)(2021, in million tonnes)[33] · Use
Canada
Canada
Country
Canada
Production
14.2 (28.57%)
Reserves
1,100 (33.33%)
Russia
Russia
Country
Russia
Production
9.1 (17.14%)
Reserves
400 (12.12%)
Belarus
Belarus
Country
Belarus
Production
7.6 (16.48%)
Reserves
750 (22.73%)
China
China
Country
China
Production
6.0 (14.76%)
Reserves
170 (5.15%)
Germany
Germany
Country
Germany
Production
2.8 (6.90%)
Reserves
150 (4.55%)
Israel
Israel
Country
Israel
Production
2.4 (5.14%)
Reserves
Large (?%)
Jordan
Jordan
Country
Jordan
Production
1.6 (3.37%)
Reserves
Large (?%)
Chile
Chile
Country
Chile
Production
0.9 (1.85%)
Reserves
100 (3.03%)
United States
United States
Country
United States
Production
0.5 (1.04%)
Reserves
220 (6.67%)
Spain
Spain
Country
Spain
Production
0.4 (0.79%)
Reserves
68 (2.06%)
Brazil
Brazil
Country
Brazil
Production
0.3 (0.58%)
Reserves
2.3 (0.01%)
Other countries
Other countries
Country
Other countries
Production
0.4 (0.76%)
Reserves
300 (9.09%)
World total
World total
Country
World total
Production
46.3 (100.00%)
Reserves
>3,300 (100.00%)
Country
Production
Reserves
Canada
14.2 (28.57%)
1,100 (33.33%)
Russia
9.1 (17.14%)
400 (12.12%)
Belarus
7.6 (16.48%)
750 (22.73%)
China
6.0 (14.76%)
170 (5.15%)
Germany
2.8 (6.90%)
150 (4.55%)
Israel
2.4 (5.14%)
Large (?%)
Jordan
1.6 (3.37%)
Large (?%)
Chile
0.9 (1.85%)
100 (3.03%)
United States
0.5 (1.04%)
220 (6.67%)
Spain
0.4 (0.79%)
68 (2.06%)
Brazil
0.3 (0.58%)
2.3 (0.01%)
Other countries
0.4 (0.76%)
300 (9.09%)
World total
46.3 (100.00%)
>3,300 (100.00%)

References

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