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Pope Pius IX

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Pope Pius IX

Pope Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX; born Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. His reign of nearly 32 years is the longest verified of any pope in history and second only to Saint Peter according to Catholic tradition. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868 which defined the dogma of papal infallibility before taking a break in summer of 1870. The council never reconvened. At the same time, France started the French-Prussian War and removed the troops that protected the Papal States, which allowed the Capture of Rome by the Kingdom of Italy on 20 September 1870. Thereafter, he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a "prisoner in the Vatican". At the time of his election, he was a liberal reformer, and during his early papacy, he enacted progressive reforms, but his approach changed after the Revolutions of 1848. When his prime minister, Pellegrino Rossi, was assassinated and Pius himself was made prisoner in his own palace, he fled Rome and excommunicated all participants in the short-lived Roman Republic. After its suppression by the French army and his return in 1850, his policies and doctrinal pronouncements became increasingly conservative. He was responsible for the kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara, a six-year-old taken by force from his Jewish family who went on to become a Catholic priest in his own right and unsuccessfully attempted to convert his Jewish parents. In his 1849 encyclical Ubi primum, he emphasized Mary's role in salvation. In 1854, he promulgated the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, articulating a long-held Catholic belief that Mary, the Mother of God, was conceived without original sin. His 1864 Syllabus of Errors was a strong condemnation of liberalism, modernism, moral relativism, secularization, separation of church and state, and other Enlightenment ideas. His appeal for financial support revived global donations known as Peter's Pence. He strengthened the central power of the Holy See and Roman Curia over the worldwide Catholic Church, while also formalizing the pope's ultimate doctrinal authority (the dogma of papal infallibility defined in 1870). Pope John Paul II beatified him in 2000.

Infobox

Church
Catholic Church
Predecessor
Gregory XVI
Died
7 February 1878(1878-02-07) (aged 85)Apostolic Palace, Rome, Italy
Shrines
San Lorenzo fuori le mura
Ordination
10 April 1819by Fabrizio Sceberras Testaferrata
Feast day
7 February
Ordained by
Fabrizio Sceberras Testaferrata
Co-consecrators
Antonio Luigi PiattiGiovanni Giacomo Sinibaldi
Attributes
Papal vestments Papal tiara
Previous posts
mw- Auditor to Chile and Peru (1823–1825) Head of the Hospital of San Michele (1825–1827) Canon of Santa Maria in Via Lata (1825–1827) Archbishop of Spoleto (1827–1832) Archbishop-Bishop of Imola (1832–1846) Cardinal Priest of Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano (1840–1846)
Rank
Cardinal priest
History
HistoryPriestly ordinationOrdained byFabrizio Sceberras TestaferrataDate10 April 1819Episcopal consecrationPrincipal consecratorFrancesco CastiglioniCo-consecratorsAntonio Luigi PiattiGiovanni Giacomo SinibaldiDate3 June 1827CardinalateElevated byPope Gregory XVIDate23 December 1839 (in pectore)14 December 1840 (revealed)
Papacy ended
7 February 1878
Patronage
Pius Seminary of Rome Senigallia Diocese of Senigallia First Vatican Council
Date
23 December 1839 (in pectore)14 December 1840 (revealed)
Principal consecrator
Francesco Castiglioni
Venerated in
Catholic Church
Successor
Leo XIII
Created cardinal
23 December 1839 (in pectore)14 December 1840 (revealed)by Gregory XVI
Beatified
3 September 2000St. Peter's Square, Vatican Cityby Pope John Paul II
Born
Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti(1792-05-13)13 May 1792Senigallia, Papal States
Papacy began
16 June 1846
Consecration
3 June 1827by Francesco Castiglioni
Elevated by
Pope Gregory XVI

Tables

· External links
Preceded byMario Ancaiani
Preceded byMario Ancaiani
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byMario Ancaiani
Catholic Church titles
Archbishop of Spoleto 21 May 1827 – 17 December 1832
Catholic Church titles
Succeeded byIgnazio Giovanni Cadolino
Preceded byGiacomo Giustiniani
Preceded byGiacomo Giustiniani
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byGiacomo Giustiniani
Catholic Church titles
Bishop of Imola 17 December 1832 – 16 June 1846
Catholic Church titles
Succeeded byGaetano Baluffi
Preceded byGregory XVI
Preceded byGregory XVI
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byGregory XVI
Catholic Church titles
Pope 16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878
Catholic Church titles
Succeeded byLeo XIII
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byMario Ancaiani
Archbishop of Spoleto 21 May 1827 – 17 December 1832
Succeeded byIgnazio Giovanni Cadolino
Preceded byGiacomo Giustiniani
Bishop of Imola 17 December 1832 – 16 June 1846
Succeeded byGaetano Baluffi
Preceded byGregory XVI
Pope 16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878
Succeeded byLeo XIII

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