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Pope John XII

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Pope John XII

Pope John XII (Latin: Ioannes XII; c. 930/937 – 14 May 964), born Octavian, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 16 December 955 to his death in 964. He was related to the counts of Tusculum, a powerful Roman family which had dominated papal politics for over half a century. He became Pope somewhere between the ages of 17 and 25. If he was 17 then he may have been the youngest Pope in history; if not, that title may belong to Benedict IX, who was between the ages of 11 and 20 when elected. In 960, he clashed with the Lombards to the south. Unable to control Rome easily, he sought help from King Otto I of Germany and crowned him emperor. John XII's pontificate became infamous for the alleged depravity and worldliness with which he conducted his office. He soon fell out with Otto who, in 963, convened a synod in Rome which purported to depose John XII for his crimes and elect Leo VIII as his successor. John XII died several months after the synod declared him to be deposed.

Infobox

Church
Catholic Church
Papacy began
16 December 955
Papacy ended
14 May 964
Predecessor
Agapetus II
Successor
Benedict V
Born
Octavian of Tusculum (Italian: Ottaviano di Toscolo)c. 930/937Rome, Papal States
Died
14 May 964 (aged c. 27–34)Rome, Papal States
Parents
Alberic II of SpoletoAlda of Vienne (?)

Tables

· External links
Preceded byAgapetus II
Preceded byAgapetus II
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byAgapetus II
Catholic Church titles
Pope 955–964
Catholic Church titles
Succeeded byLeo VIII
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byAgapetus II
Pope 955–964
Succeeded byLeo VIII

References

  1. Encyclopædia Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-XII
  2. PopeHistory.com
    https://popehistory.com/popes/pope-john-xii/
  3. Mann 1910, pp. 243–244.
  4. Gregorovius 1895, pp. 328–329.
  5. Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Pope John XII." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 4 Janu
    http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08426b.htm
  6. Mann 1910, p. 230.
  7. Mann 1910, pp. 244–245.
  8. Norwich 2011, p. 76.
  9. Mann 1910, p. 245.
  10. Gregorovius 1895, p. 330.
  11. Mann 1910, pp. 246–247.
  12. Gregorovius 1895, p. 331.
  13. Mann 1910, p. 247.
  14. Mann 1910, p. 248.
  15. Gregorovius 1895, pp. 332–333.
  16. Mann 1910, p. 250.
  17. Mann 1910, p. 252.
  18. Gregorovius 1895, p. 338.
  19. Mann 1910, p. 246.
  20. Mann 1910, pp. 265–266.
  21. Mann 1910, pp. 253–254.
  22. Mann 1910, p. 235.
  23. Mann 1910, p. 254.
  24. Gregorovius 1895, p. 340.
  25. Mann 1910, pp. 255–256.
  26. Gregorovius 1895, pp. 341–342.
  27. Norwich 2011, p. 79.
  28. Mann 1910, p. 256.
  29. Gregorovius 1895, p. 347.
  30. Norwich 2011, p. 80.
  31. Luttwak 2009, p. 150.
  32. Gregorovius 1895, pp. 349–350.
  33. Norwich 2011, pp. 80–81.
  34. Mann 1910, pp. 262–264.
  35. Mann 1910, p. 264.
  36. Gregorovius 1895, p. 329.
  37. Mann 1910, p. 242.
  38. DeCormenin & Gihon 1857, pp. 296–298.
  39. Gregorovius 1895, pp. 329–330, 351–352.
  40. Mann 1910, pp. 241–242.
  41. Freeman, Thomas S., The Myth of the Female Pope in Early Modern England in Religious Politics in Post-Reformation Englan
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