Topzle Topzle

Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher

Updated: Wikipedia source

Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher

Pinaka (lit. 'Bow of Lord Shiva') is a multiple rocket launcher produced in India and developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for the Indian Army. The system has a maximum range of 45 km (28 mi) for Mark-I Enhanced and 90 km (56 mi) for Mark-II ER version, and can fire a salvo of 12 HE rockets per launcher in 44 seconds. The system is mounted on a Tatra truck frame. Pinaka saw service during the Kargil War, where it was successful in neutralising Pakistani positions on the mountain tops. It has since been inducted into the Indian Army in large numbers. In April 2013, ₹1,388.80 crore (equivalent to ₹24 billion or US$280 million in 2023) was sanctioned for increasing the production capacity of Pinaka rockets from then 1,000 to 5,000 per year. Unutilised land of the Yantra India Limited was also being considered for further capacity expansion when production of advanced variants would commence. The expansion was completed by 2014.

Infobox

Type
Multiple launch rocket system
Place of origin
India
Used by
See Operators
Wars
Kargil War
Designer
Armament Research and Development Establishment
Designed
1986-present
Manufacturer
Rocket & Ammunition Yantra India Solar Industries Launchers & other vehicles Tata Advanced Systems Larsen & Toubro
Unit cost
₹430 crore (equivalent to ₹506 crore or US$60 million in 2023) per regiment
Produced
1994-present
Variants
See Specifications
Barrels
12
Rate of fire
12 rockets per launcher or 72 rockets per battery under 44 seconds
Muzzle velocity
mach 4.7
Effective firing range
45 - 90 km
Maximum firing range
90 km
Warhead
HMX (high explosive fragmentation, cluster munition–incendiary, anti-personnel, anti-tank, mine-laying)
Engine
T-930 multi-fuel turbocharged V8 engine with intercooler
Payload capacity
22 tonne
Suspension
Leaf spring and air suspension with telescopic shock absorbers
Propellant
High-energy composite solid fuel
Operationalrange
800 km
Flight altitude
40 km (25 mi)
mw- Maximum speed
Rocket: Mach 4 Launcher: 80 km/h (50 mph)
Transport
BEML-Tatra T813 8WD BEML-Tatra T815 8WD

Tables

Range
Range
Col 1
Range
Pinaka Mk-I
37.5 km (23.3 mi)
Pinaka ADM
45–50 km (28–31 mi)
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
60 km (37 mi)
Pinaka Mk-II
75–80 km (47–50 mi)
Guided Pinaka
90 km (56 mi)
Pinaka Mk-II ER
40 km (25 mi)
ERR 122
120–150 km (75–93 mi)
Pinaka Mk-III
200–300 km (120–190 mi)
Length
Length
Col 1
Length
Pinaka Mk-I
4.88 m (16.0 ft)
Pinaka ADM
4.72 m (15.5 ft)
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
5.17 m (17.0 ft)
Pinaka Mk-II
Unknown
Guided Pinaka
2.91 m (9 ft 7 in)
Pinaka Mk-II ER
7.2 m (24 ft)
ERR 122
Unknown
Rocket Diameter
Rocket Diameter
Col 1
Rocket Diameter
Pinaka Mk-I
214 mm (8.4 in)
Pinaka ADM
122 mm (4.8 in)
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
214 mm (8.4 in)
Warhead weight
Warhead weight
Col 1
Warhead weight
Pinaka Mk-I
100 kg (220 lb)
Pinaka ADM
100 kg (220 lb) + additional 15 kg (33 lb) for guidance, navigation and control kit
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
Unknown
Pinaka Mk-II
21 kg (46 lb)
Guided Pinaka
250 kg (550 lb)
Rocket Weight
Rocket Weight
Col 1
Rocket Weight
Pinaka Mk-I
277.4 kg (612 lb)
Pinaka ADM
280 kg (620 lb)
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
325 kg (717 lb)
Pinaka Mk-II
66.5 kg (147 lb)
Guided Pinaka
Unknown
Propellant Weight
Propellant Weight
Col 1
Propellant Weight
Pinaka Mk-I
100 kg (220 lb)
Pinaka ADM
111 kg (245 lb)
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
131.5 kg (290 lb)
Pinaka Mk-II
26.8 kg (59 lb)
Rate of fire
Rate of fire
Col 1
Rate of fire
Pinaka Mk-I
Approximately 44 seconds.
Pinaka ADM
40 rockets in 20 seconds
Accuracy
Accuracy
Col 1
Accuracy
Pinaka Mk-I
≤1.5% range. <60m CEP at 30 km (19 mi) with Trajectory Correction System.
Pinaka ADM
≤1.5% range.
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
<30m CEP at 20–75 km (12–47 mi). Achieved <10m CEP in 2017. Enhanced to 2-3m CEP.
Pinaka Mk-II
≤1.5% range.
Salvo reload time
Salvo reload time
Col 1
Salvo reload time
Pinaka Mk-I
4 minutes.
Pinaka ADM
Unknown
Warheads
Warheads
Col 1
Warheads
Pinaka Mk-I
PF, RHE
Pinaka ADM
DPICM, Anti-tank mines
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
HEPF, RHE
Pinaka Mk-II
HEPF, RHE
Detonation mechanism
Detonation mechanism
Col 1
Detonation mechanism
Pinaka Mk-I
Contact + Delay, Electronic time and Proximity fuze
Pinaka ADM
Contact and Proximity fuze
Guidance
Guidance
Col 1
Guidance
Pinaka Mk-I
Free flight
Pinaka ADM
Unknown
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
RLG-INS + MEMS-IMU + multi-GNSS
Pinaka Mk-II
Free flight
Flight stabilization
Flight stabilization
Col 1
Flight stabilization
Pinaka Mk-I
4 curved wrapped around fins
Pinaka ADM
6 flat wrapped around fins
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
6 flat wrapped around fins (without fin cant)
Pinaka Mk-II
4 curved wrapped around fins
Launching pod
Launching pod
Col 1
Launching pod
Pinaka Mk-I
2 detachable pods, each carrying 6 rockets
Pinaka ADM
Fixed cluster of 40 rockets
Launcher
Launcher
Col 1
Launcher
Pinaka Mk-I
Based on a Kolos Tatra truck for high mobility licence produced in India by BEML. The truck features a central type regulation system; the driver can adjust the tyre pressure to suit the terrain for optimum mobility. Six launchers per battery. Launchers are NBC protected, have their own computerized fire control system, and automatic positioning system. Designed for shoot and scoot fire missions by using inertial navigation system. A battery (six launchers) can neutralize an area of roughly 1,000 × 800 m at 40 km range. The launcher assembly has electro-magnetic elevation and traverse, with traverse being 90° left and right of the centreline and elevation up to 55°.
Pinaka ADM
Upgraded BM-21 Grad by Larsen & Toubro. Based on Ashok Leyland Super Stallion chassis.
Status (as of June 2025)
Status (as of June 2025)
Col 1
Status (as of June 2025)
Pinaka Mk-I
Inducted; mass production.
Pinaka ADM
Order placed for production.
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
Inducted; mass production.
Pinaka Mk-II
Under trials.
Guided Pinaka
Inducted; mass production.
Pinaka Mk-II ER
Under trials.
ERR 122
Under trials.
Pinaka Mk-III
Under development.
Pinaka Mk-III ER/ Mk-IV
Under development.
Pinaka Mk-I
Pinaka ADM
Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
Pinaka Mk-II
Guided Pinaka
Pinaka Mk-II ER
ERR 122
Pinaka Mk-III
Pinaka Mk-III ER/ Mk-IV
Range
37.5 km (23.3 mi)
45–50 km (28–31 mi)
60 km (37 mi)
75–80 km (47–50 mi)
90 km (56 mi)
40 km (25 mi)
120–150 km (75–93 mi)
200–300 km (120–190 mi)
Length
4.88 m (16.0 ft)
4.72 m (15.5 ft)
5.17 m (17.0 ft)
Unknown
2.91 m (9 ft 7 in)
7.2 m (24 ft)
Unknown
Rocket Diameter
214 mm (8.4 in)
122 mm (4.8 in)
214 mm (8.4 in)
Warhead weight
100 kg (220 lb)
100 kg (220 lb) + additional 15 kg (33 lb) for guidance, navigation and control kit
Unknown
21 kg (46 lb)
250 kg (550 lb)
Rocket Weight
277.4 kg (612 lb)
280 kg (620 lb)
325 kg (717 lb)
66.5 kg (147 lb)
Unknown
Propellant Weight
100 kg (220 lb)
111 kg (245 lb)
131.5 kg (290 lb)
26.8 kg (59 lb)
Rate of fire
Approximately 44 seconds.
40 rockets in 20 seconds
Accuracy
range. <60m CEP at 30 km (19 mi) with Trajectory Correction System.
range.
<30m CEP at 20–75 km (12–47 mi). Achieved <10m CEP in 2017. Enhanced to 2-3m CEP.
range.
Salvo reload time
4 minutes.
Unknown
Warheads
PF, RHE
DPICM, Anti-tank mines
HEPF, RHE
HEPF, RHE
Detonation mechanism
Contact + Delay, Electronic time and Proximity fuze
Contact and Proximity fuze
Guidance
Free flight
Unknown
RLG-INS + MEMS-IMU + multi-GNSS
Free flight
Flight stabilization
4 curved wrapped around fins
6 flat wrapped around fins
6 flat wrapped around fins (without fin cant)
4 curved wrapped around fins
Launching pod
2 detachable pods, each carrying 6 rockets
Fixed cluster of 40 rockets
Launcher
Based on a Kolos Tatra truck for high mobility licence produced in India by BEML. The truck features a central type regulation system; the driver can adjust the tyre pressure to suit the terrain for optimum mobility. Six launchers per battery. Launchers are NBC protected, have their own computerized fire control system, and automatic positioning system. Designed for shoot and scoot fire missions by using inertial navigation system. A battery (six launchers) can neutralize an area of roughly 1,000 × 800 m at 40 km range. The launcher assembly has electro-magnetic elevation and traverse, with traverse being 90° left and right of the centreline and elevation up to 55°.
Upgraded BM-21 Grad by Larsen & Toubro. Based on Ashok Leyland Super Stallion chassis.
Status (as of June 2025)
Inducted; mass production.
Order placed for production.
Inducted; mass production.
Under trials.
Inducted; mass production.
Under trials.
Under trials.
Under development.
Under development.

References

  1. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/pvt-co-psu-test-firepower-of-pinaka-rocket-new-versions/articleshow/88214856.cms
  2. The Hindu
    https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tata-group-lt-to-build-six-pinaka-rocket-regiments-for-army/article32488946.ece/
  3. Janes.com
    https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-mod-orders-six-regiments-worth-of-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launchers
  4. "Pinaka Multibarrel Rocket Launcher"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141223201044/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/pinaka.htm
  5. Press Information Bureau
    https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1670104
  6. ANI News
    https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/pinaka-missile-successfully-test-fired-extended-range-version-hit-targets-at-90-kms20191220122212/
  7. Business Standard India
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180214173105/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/india-to-increase-production-of-indigenously-developed-rocket-pinaka-115040500033_1.html
  8. Sakaal Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220531/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5055142784656506184&SectionId=5171561142064258099SectionName%3DPune&NewsTitle=Pinaka%20rocket%20system%20wins%20DRDO%20award
  9. Jagran Josh
    http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/union-government-cleared-1500-crore-rupees-proposal-for-pinaka-rockets-1364198034-1
  10. PIB, Govt of India
    http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=112681
  11. spslandforces.com
    https://www.spslandforces.com/experts-speak/?id=594&h=Upgraded-Pinaka-Rocket-System
  12. Bharat Rakshak
    https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/army/equipment/artillery/214mm-pinaka-mbrl/
  13. armyrecognition.com
    https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2013/india-2-february-2013-news-uk
  14. "TCS"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081020112540/http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/artillery/tcs/TCS.html
  15. "DRDO::Electronics"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081210053255/http://www.drdo.org/Electronics/antenna.html
  16. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/first-rockets-produced-by-private-sector-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/77646051.cms
  17. ndtv.com
    https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/defence-ministry-signs-over-rs-10-000-crore-deal-for-pinaka-rocket-system-7650280
  18. PIB
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170827222003/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157988
  19. defaiya.com
    https://defaiya.com/news/Products/Products/2010/06/16/sagem-developed-and-produced-sigma-30-for-artillery-navigation
  20. defaiya.com
    https://brahmand.com/news/Sagem-delivers-Sigma-30-for-Pinaka-rocket-launchers/4306/1/10.html
  21. "India orders SIGMA 95 and SIGMA 30 systems from Sagem Défense Sécurité"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081121062252/http://frontierindia.net/india-orders-sigma-95-and-sigma-30-systems-from-sagem-defense-securite
  22. The Hindu
    https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lac-standoff-army-deploys-entire-range-of-medium-range-artillery-and-long-range-rockets-as-part-of-reorientation/article65941417.ece
  23. Press Information Bureau
    https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2073384
  24. The Hindu
    https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/drdo-successfully-completes-flight-tests-of-75km-guided-pinaka-rocket-system/article68869058.ece
  25. Shephard
    https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/india-ignites-production-pinaka-ii-rocket-systems/
  26. www.domain-b.com
    https://www.domain-b.com/aviation-aerospace/military-aviation/missiles-munition/indigenously-developed-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher-test-fired-successfully
  27. www.rediff.com
    https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/aug/13pinaka.htm
  28. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/drdo-rushes-to-build-200km-rockets-with-china-in-mind/articleshow/106907081.cms
  29. India Today
    https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-drdo-rockets-pinaka-system-capable-hitting-enemy-targets-at-200-km-distance-2489821-2024-01-17
  30. The Defense Post
    https://thedefensepost.com/2024/01/26/india-multi%E2%80%90barrel-rocket/
  31. Janes
    https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/weapons/indian-army-approves-advanced-rocket-development
  32. Deccan Herald
    https://www.deccanherald.com/india/new-howitzers-firing-ranges-near-the-lac-for-army-amidst-china-boundary-dispute-3209983
  33. The Indian Express
    https://indianexpress.com/article/india/155mm-ammunition-locally-buying-new-gun-systems-army-supply-chain-issues-russia-ukraine-war-9591276/#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17274409229046&csi=0&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/155mm-ammunition-locally-buying-new-gun-systems-army-supply-chain-issues-russia-ukraine-war-9591276/
  34. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/drdo-expands-pinaka-rocket-system-for-naval-air-force-applications/articleshow/118155286.cms
  35. Janes Information Services
    https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/weapons/aero-india-2025-drdo-develops-new-pinaka-rocket-variant
  36. ANI News
    https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/indian-army-moves-proposal-for-acquiring-120-km-long-range-guided-pinaka-rockets20251212191802/
  37. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-moves-proposal-for-acquiring-120-km-long-range-guided-pinaka-rockets/articleshow/125935613.cms
  38. india.com
    https://www.india.com/news/india/bad-news-for-pakistan-china-as-pinaka-rocket-launched-range-to-increase-three-times-the-team-working-on-it-is-from-its-not-drdo-7408156/
  39. ThePrint
    https://theprint.in/opinion/ramjet-technology-can-counter-chinas-long-range-missiles-beat-himalayan-terrain-limitation/1143131/
  40. Defence News India
    https://defence.in/threads/drdo-eyes-to-adapt-pinaka-rockets-with-air-launched-capabilities-potentially-revolutionizing-a2g-and-a2a-combat-for-iaf.13100/
  41. The Indian Express
    https://indianexpress.com/article/india/drdo-test-fires-pinaka-rocket-system-6946881/
  42. English.Mathrubhumi
    https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/how-pinaka-weapon-system-is-evolving-1.9802428
  43. The New Indian Express
    https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2013/Mar/01/pinaka-rockets-test-fired-successfully-from-odisha-coast-454616.html
  44. "Successful Test of Pinaka 214mm MBRL"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113608/http://asiandefencenewstoday.blogspot.com/2013/02/successfully-test-fired-for-indian-made.html
  45. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/second-generation-pinaka-multi-rocket-system-successfully-test-fired-in-pokhran/articleshow/21411000.cms
  46. The New Indian Express
    https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2014/May/30/pinaka-mark-ii-rocket-hits-target-619216.html
  47. Defence News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110603/http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=2740
  48. The New Indian Express
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160522172915/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Advanced-Pinaka-with-new-technology-test-fired/2016/05/21/article3444037.ece
  49. The New Indian Express
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160525142608/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Pinaka-rockets-test-fired/2016/05/24/article3448142.ece
  50. The Times of India
    http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/guided-pinaka-test-fired-successfully-again/articleshow/56759830.cms
  51. The Economic Times
    http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/guided-pinaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/56759013.cms
  52. International Business Times, India Edition
    http://www.ibtimes.co.in/india-tests-new-improved-guided-pinaka-rockets-ahead-republic-day-2017-713469
  53. hindustantimes.com/
    https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/upgraded-pinaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired-range-now-70km/story-3oo3H7g7CWImmbbP4B7fiM.html
  54. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/upgraded-pinaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/64383582.cms
  55. "Boost to Indian Army artillery capability! Pinaka guided weapons system successfully test fired"
    https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/boost-to-indian-army-artillery-capability-pinaka-guided-weapons-system-successfully-test-fired/1512518/
  56. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/pinaka-missile-system-successfully-flight-tested-for-2nd-day/articleshow/72902536.cms
  57. PIB
    https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1597051
  58. News Nation English
    https://english.newsnationtv.com/india/news/pinaka-missile-system-with-extended-90-km-range-successfully-testfired-off-odisha-coast-248163.html
  59. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/drdo-successfully-test-fires-pinaka-missile-system-at-pokhran/articleshow/77684236.cms
  60. DefenceXP - Indian Defence Network
    https://www.defencexp.com/first-rockets-produced-by-private-sector-successfully-test-fired/
  61. "DRDO successfully test-fires advanced Pinaka rockets"
    https://www.rediff.com/news/report/drdo-successfully-test-fires-advanced-pinaka-rockets/20201104.htm
  62. "India test-fires long range Pinaka rocket system, will be deployed to counter China"
    https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-enhanced-version-of-pinaka-rocket-system/story-waLts08Nqlq01cwHhACqjN.html
  63. Hindustan Times
    https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-agni-p-a-new-missile-in-agni-series-101624863307818.html
  64. Press Information Bureau
    https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1730350
  65. Hindustan Times
    https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-pinaka-rockets-can-destroy-targets-up-to-45km-101624664939787.html
  66. Press Information Bureau
    https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1780412
  67. The Indian Express
    https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-drdo-pinaka-er-missile-ancillary-systems-tested-7675366/
  68. Press Information Bureau
    https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1815236
  69. The Indian Express
    https://indianexpress.com/article/india/enhanced-pinaka-ready-for-user-trials-after-tests-in-pokhran-7861962/
  70. ANI
    https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/drdo-confirms-successful-trials-of-enhanced-range-pinaka-rockets-in-pokhran-balasore20220829154405/
  71. Hindustan Times
    https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/watch-indigenous-pinaka-extended-range-rockets-running-through-trials-101661315929246.html
  72. "Trials of the Pinaka extended range rocket are going on in the Pokharan firing ranges in Rajasthan & multiple successful test firings have been carried out during these tests..."
    https://x.com/ANI/status/1562280799747309569
  73. India Today
    https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-army-successful-trial-indigenous-pinaka-rockets-1994163-2022-08-29
  74. www.ndtv.com
    https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pinaka-mbrl-system-latest-pinaka-system-tested-as-france-armenia-line-up-to-buy-indian-rockets-7020634
  75. India Today
    https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/trials-of-extended-range-pinaka-launchers-conclude-rockets-to-be-inducted-soon-2766666-2025-08-05
  76. "Bang on target"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20101218102814/http://flonnet.com/fl2621/stories/20091023262110900.htm
  77. The Economic Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20161209133821/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-looking-at-increasing-pinaka-rocket-regiments-to-22-within-a-decade/articleshow/55852579.cms
  78. "Ministry of Defence Government of India"
    http://www.mod.nic.in
  79. Pinaka MRLS at Indian-Military.org Archived 2 August 2012 at archive.today
    http://www.indian-military.org/army/artillery/multi-barrel-rocket-launcher/251-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher.html
  80. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/hell-of-fire-india-to-get-new-300-km-range-pinaka-missile-system-soon-that-can-fire-12-missiles-in-44-seconds/articleshow/121951537.cms?from=mdr
  81. Tata Advanced Systems
    https://www.tataadvancedsystems.com/pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher
  82. ANI
    https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/drdo-signs-licensing-agreement-with-nibe-ltd-for-pinaka-mbrl-and-battery-command-post20250530173155/
  83. "Tata, L&T bag orders for Pinaka rocket launcher"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071217004437/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/1662.html
  84. Business Standard
    https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/drdo-successfully-completes-flight-tests-of-guided-pinaka-rocket-system-124111501404_1.html
  85. The Times of India
    http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Big-boost-Army-to-get-ammo-worth-Rs-15000-cr/articleshow/51465947.cms
  86. The Economic Times
    https://archive.today/20241118102207/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/tata-power-sed-wins-rs-200-crore-order-from-defence/articleshow/55815917.cms?from=mdr
  87. Defense News
    https://www.defensenews.com/land/2016/12/07/india-orders-homemade-rocket-launchers-despite-its-faulty-ammo/
  88. The New Indian Express
    https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Mar/09/army-to-raise-2-pinaka-regiments
  89. TheWire.in
    https://thewire.in/security/defence-ministry-inks-rs-2580-crore-deal-to-procure-pinaka-rocket-launchers
  90. Press Information Bureau
    https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1650038
  91. Janes.com
    https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-mod-orders-six-regiments-worth-of-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launchers
  92. NDTV
    https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/government-signs-rs-2-580-crore-pact-for-pinaka-rocket-launcher-systems-2288218
  93. The New Indian Express
    https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Jun/23/indian-army-boosts-firepower-with-two-deep-strike-pinaka-rocket-regiments
  94. ANI
    https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/defence-ministry-approves-rs-2800-crore-rockets-for-pinaka-weapon-system20231213195825/
  95. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ccs-clears-heavy-duty-ammo-worth-rs-10200-crore-for-pinaka-artillery-rocket-systems/articleshow/117701763.cms
  96. ThePrint
    https://theprint.in/india/ccs-approves-rs-10000-cr-army-pinaka-rocket-deal-solar-industries-mil-to-work-on-project/2469013/?amp
  97. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-pushes-for-desi-pinaka-rockets-to-ink-rs-10200-crore-deals-within-this-fiscal/articleshow/117381351.cms
  98. Financialexpress
    https://www.financialexpress.com/business/ministry-of-defence-signs-contracts-worth-rs-10147-crore-to-enhance-indian-armys-firepower-with-pinaka-system-3739940/
  99. ThePrint
    https://theprint.in/defence/mod-inks-contracts-totalling-rs-10147-cr-for-two-types-of-ammo-for-pinaka-rocket-launchers/2482719/
  100. "Defense19"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141223202710/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3961
  101. The New Indian Express
    https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Mar/09/army-to-raise-2-pinaka-regiments
  102. Financialexpress
    https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-strengthening-artillery-power-indias-pinaka-rocket-system-expansion-3420021/
  103. Firstpost
    https://www.firstpost.com/india/indian-army-practises-long-range-pinaka-missile-firing-in-pokhran-13885688.html
  104. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/will-india-finally-have-a-dedicated-rocket-force/articleshow/100291322.cms
  105. Observer Research Foundation
    https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/integrated-rocket-force/
  106. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-starts-exporting-pinaka-weapon-systems-to-armenia/articleshow/115628185.cms
  107. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/arming-armenia-india-to-export-missiles-rockets-and-ammunition/articleshow/94518414.cms
  108. ThePrint
    https://theprint.in/defence/azerbaijan-protests-after-reports-suggesting-indian-made-weapons-entered-armenia-through-iran/1689155/
  109. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nagpurs-nagastra-beats-global-munition-biggies/articleshow/99654468.cms
  110. ANI
    https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/armenia-to-get-pinaka-rockets-nigeria-indonesia-too-shown-interest-defence-firm-solar-industries20221018190911/
  111. Firstpost
    https://www.firstpost.com/india/defexpo-2022-india-to-export-pinaka-rocket-launcher-to-armenia-nigeria-indonesia-show-interest-11472521.html
  112. ANI News
    https://www.aninews.in/news/world/europe/made-in-india-netra-pinaka-systems-attract-european-southeast-asian-interest20240619200642/
  113. Asian News International
    https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/france-evaluating-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher-system-for-its-requirements-top-french-army-officer20241109133301/-army-officer/videoshow/115116732.cms
  114. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/france-evaluating-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher-system-for-its-requirements-top-french-army-officer/videoshow/115116732.cms
  115. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/french-army-chief-keen-on-indian-long-range-weapons/articleshow/124534920.cms?from=mdr
  116. The Week
    https://www.theweek.in/news/defence/2025/10/14/france-impressed-by-india-pinaka-rocket-launcher-could-india-score-its-next-big-defence-deal.html
  117. janes.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20181112181846/https://www.janes.com/article/84450/rocket-science-id18d3
  118. Business Standard
    http://web.archive.org/web/20220915012509/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/homegrown-firepower-deadly-pinaka-rocket-gives-army-cross-border-options-120111102049_1.html
  119. "The Guided Pinaka rocket with 75km range is in service from Nov - Dec 2024..."
    https://x.com/AdithyaKM_/status/1951504160991383821
  120. Ministry of Defence, Government of India
    https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR_2023-24-new-23-9-2025.pdf
  121. Press Information Bureau
    https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2100335
  122. "India orders SIGMA 95 and SIGMA 30 systems from Sagem Défense Sécurité"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081121062252/http://frontierindia.net/india-orders-sigma-95-and-sigma-30-systems-from-sagem-defense-securite
  123. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/army-trucks-ashok-leyland-lt-consortium-emerges-lowest-bidder-for-rs-100-cr-contract/articleshow/19407966.cms
  124. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/subhash-bhamre-flags-off-larsen-toubros-defence-systems/articleshow/65882553.cms
  125. www.facebook.com
    https://www.facebook.com/NextGenerationWeapons/photos/indian-army-grad-bm21-upgradethe-vehicle-platform-for-grad-bm21-multi-barrel-roc/2900866403282173/?_rdr
  126. "IA's upgraded BM-21 Grad on an Ashok Leyland Super Stallion truck. The older Russian truck(Pic4) was replaced..."
    https://x.com/strategicfront/status/1307552618424807426
  127. Janes
    https://www.janes.com/defence-news/india-tests-enhanced-version-of-rocket-used-by-pinaka-mrl/
  128. ThePrint
    https://theprint.in/defence/bought-by-armenia-being-studied-by-france-pinaka-rocket-system-becomes-more-powerful/2356947/
  129. India Today
    https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-drdo-rockets-pinaka-system-capable-hitting-enemy-targets-at-200-km-distance-2489821-2024-01-17
  130. ANI
    https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-developing-hypersonic-missiles-army-looking-to-induct-long-range-rockets-loitering-munitions-pralay-nirbhay-missiles-top-official20240927190725/
  131. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-pushes-for-desi-pinaka-rockets-to-ink-rs-10200-crore-deals-within-this-fiscal/articleshow/117381351.cms
  132. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/first-pinaka-export-private-companies-to-lead-from-front/articleshow/94542885.cms
  133. "The Geopolitical Implications of India's Arms Sale to Armenia"
    https://armenianweekly.com/2023/08/09/the-geopolitical-implications-of-indias-arms-sale-to-armenia/
  134. ANI
    https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-starts-exporting-pinaka-weapon-systems-to-armenia20241124182633/
  135. The Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/drdo-expands-pinaka-rocket-system-for-naval-air-force-applications/articleshow/118155286.cms
Image
Source:
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.