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Permanent time observation in the United States

Updated: Wikipedia source

Permanent time observation in the United States

Establishing either permanent standard or daylight saving time (DST) eliminates the practice of semi-annual clock changes, specifically the advancement of clocks by one hour from standard time to DST on the second Sunday in March (commonly called "spring forward") and the retardation of clocks by one hour from DST to standard time on the first Sunday in November ("fall back"). The existing practice of switching the clocks twice a year is unpopular, with only about 20% of Americans preferring it. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 formalized the specification of time zones and the dates of DST observation in the United States. Prior to this law, time zones and DST observation in America were independent and erratic across states and cities. The law requires states to change clocks semiannually between standard time and DST on federally mandated dates, and it permits states to opt out of DST observation altogether and remain on permanent standard time, but does not permit observation of permanent DST. Arizona (with the exception of the Navajo Nation), Hawaii, and all permanently inhabited territories observe permanent standard time. Studies have shown the semi-annual clock changes result in sleep disturbances, ultimately resulting in more health problems and traffic accidents. Legislators in 25 states have attempted to switch to either permanent standard time or permanent DST. As of 2023 more states are pursuing permanent DST.

Tables

· Legislative action by state
Alabama
Alabama
State
Alabama
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Success
Alaska
Alaska
State
Alaska
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
American Samoa
American Samoa
State
American Samoa
Legislation for permanent standard time
Success
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Arizona
Arizona
State
Arizona
Legislation for permanent standard time
Success
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Notes
Has observed permanent standard time since 1968; see also Time in Arizona. (A.R.S. § 1-242, in effect since January 1, 1969)
Arkansas
Arkansas
State
Arkansas
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Notes
One bill for permanent standard time, two for permanent DST.
California
California
State
California
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Notes
In 2018, Proposition 7 passed, allowing the state legislature to change the periods of DST through another bill. Subsequent bills for permanent DST failed in 2020 and 2022. In 2023, a bill was proposed that would establish permanent standard time.
Colorado
Colorado
State
Colorado
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Partial success
Notes
Requires at least four other states in the Mountain Time Zone pass laws to adopt permanent DST.
Connecticut
Connecticut
State
Connecticut
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Delaware
Delaware
State
Delaware
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Partial success
Notes
Establishes permanent Atlantic Standard Time. Requires Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland to do the same.
District of Columbia
District of Columbia
State
District of Columbia
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Florida
Florida
State
Florida
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Success
Georgia
Georgia
State
Georgia
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Success (OCGA § 50-1-10)
Notes
Two simultaneous bills were introduced in 2021. One for permanent standard time, the other for permanent DST.
Guam
Guam
State
Guam
Legislation for permanent standard time
Success
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Hawaii
Hawaii
State
Hawaii
Legislation for permanent standard time
Success
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Notes
Has observed permanent standard time since 1967; see also Time in Hawaii.(H.R.S. §1-31, in effect since March 30, 1967)
Idaho
Idaho
State
Idaho
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Partial success
Notes
If Washington implements permanent daylight saving time, the northern part of the state in Pacific Time will follow. A bill to do the same for the part of the state in Mountain Time if Utah implements permanent daylight saving time has not passed.
Illinois
Illinois
State
Illinois
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Pending
Indiana
Indiana
State
Indiana
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Iowa
Iowa
State
Iowa
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Kansas
Kansas
State
Kansas
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Kentucky
Kentucky
State
Kentucky
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Louisiana
Louisiana
State
Louisiana
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Success
Maine
Maine
State
Maine
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Partial success
Notes
Requires all states in the eastern time zone, and the District of Columbia, to do the same.
Maryland
Maryland
State
Maryland
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
State
Massachusetts
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Pending
Notes
Establishes Atlantic Standard Time in substitute for permanent DST or permanent standard time.
Michigan
Michigan
State
Michigan
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Pending
Notes
Requires Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania to observe daylight saving time year-round.
Minnesota
Minnesota
State
Minnesota
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Success
Mississippi
Mississippi
State
Mississippi
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Success
Missouri
Missouri
State
Missouri
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Montana
Montana
State
Montana
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Partial success
Notes
Requires at least three of the states of Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming to go on permanent DST.
Nebraska
Nebraska
State
Nebraska
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Nevada
Nevada
State
Nevada
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
State
New Hampshire
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
New Jersey
New Jersey
State
New Jersey
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Pending
New Mexico
New Mexico
State
New Mexico
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
New York
New York
State
New York
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Pending
Notes
Bills for permanent DST, Atlantic Time, or permanent standard time.
North Carolina
North Carolina
State
North Carolina
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Pending
North Dakota
North Dakota
State
North Dakota
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Mariana Islands
State
Northern Mariana Islands
Legislation for permanent standard time
Success
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Ohio
Ohio
State
Ohio
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Pending
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
State
Oklahoma
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Success
Oregon
Oregon
State
Oregon
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure (2024)
Legislation for permanent DST
Partial success
Notes
Requires participation of California and Washington. Bill for permanent standard time failed in early 2024.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
State
Pennsylvania
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Pending
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
State
Puerto Rico
Legislation for permanent standard time
Success
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
State
Rhode Island
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
South Carolina
South Carolina
State
South Carolina
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
Success
South Dakota
South Dakota
State
South Dakota
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Tennessee
Tennessee
State
Tennessee
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Success
Texas
Texas
State
Texas
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
U.S. Virgin Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands
State
U.S. Virgin Islands
Legislation for permanent standard time
Success
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Utah
Utah
State
Utah
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Partial success
Notes
Requires at least four of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming to adopt permanent DST.
Vermont
Vermont
State
Vermont
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Pending
Virginia
Virginia
State
Virginia
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Washington
Washington
State
Washington
Legislation for permanent standard time
Pending
Legislation for permanent DST
Success
Notes
A bill is planned for early 2025 that includes legislation for permanent standard time.
West Virginia
West Virginia
State
West Virginia
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Failure
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
State
Wisconsin
Legislation for permanent standard time
No attempt
Legislation for permanent DST
No attempt
Wyoming
Wyoming
State
Wyoming
Legislation for permanent standard time
Failure
Legislation for permanent DST
Partial success
Notes
Requires three or more of Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Utah to adopt permanent DST.
State
Legislation for permanent standard time
Legislation for permanent DST
Notes
Alabama
No attempt
Success
Alaska
Failure
Failure
American Samoa
Success
No attempt
Arizona
Success
No attempt
Has observed permanent standard time since 1968; see also Time in Arizona. (A.R.S. § 1-242, in effect since January 1, 1969)
Arkansas
Failure
Failure
One bill for permanent standard time, two for permanent DST.
California
Pending
Failure
In 2018, Proposition 7 passed, allowing the state legislature to change the periods of DST through another bill. Subsequent bills for permanent DST failed in 2020 and 2022. In 2023, a bill was proposed that would establish permanent standard time.
Colorado
Failure
Partial success
Requires at least four other states in the Mountain Time Zone pass laws to adopt permanent DST.
Connecticut
Failure
Failure
Delaware
No attempt
Partial success
Establishes permanent Atlantic Standard Time. Requires Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland to do the same.
District of Columbia
No attempt
No attempt
Florida
No attempt
Success
Georgia
Failure
Success (OCGA § 50-1-10)
Two simultaneous bills were introduced in 2021. One for permanent standard time, the other for permanent DST.
Guam
Success
No attempt
Hawaii
Success
No attempt
Has observed permanent standard time since 1967; see also Time in Hawaii.(H.R.S. §1-31, in effect since March 30, 1967)
Idaho
Failure
Partial success
If Washington implements permanent daylight saving time, the northern part of the state in Pacific Time will follow. A bill to do the same for the part of the state in Mountain Time if Utah implements permanent daylight saving time has not passed.
Illinois
Failure
Pending
Indiana
No attempt
No attempt
Iowa
Failure
Failure
Kansas
Pending
Failure
Kentucky
No attempt
Failure
Louisiana
No attempt
Success
Maine
Pending
Partial success
Requires all states in the eastern time zone, and the District of Columbia, to do the same.
Maryland
No attempt
Failure
Massachusetts
Pending
Pending
Establishes Atlantic Standard Time in substitute for permanent DST or permanent standard time.
Michigan
No attempt
Pending
Requires Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania to observe daylight saving time year-round.
Minnesota
Pending
Success
Mississippi
Failure
Success
Missouri
Failure
Failure
Montana
Failure
Partial success
Requires at least three of the states of Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming to go on permanent DST.
Nebraska
Failure
Failure
Nevada
Failure
No attempt
New Hampshire
No attempt
Failure
New Jersey
No attempt
Pending
New Mexico
Failure
Failure
New York
Pending
Pending
Bills for permanent DST, Atlantic Time, or permanent standard time.
North Carolina
No attempt
Pending
North Dakota
Failure
No attempt
Northern Mariana Islands
Success
No attempt
Ohio
Failure
Pending
Oklahoma
Failure
Success
Oregon
Failure (2024)
Partial success
Requires participation of California and Washington. Bill for permanent standard time failed in early 2024.
Pennsylvania
Pending
Pending
Puerto Rico
Success
No attempt
Rhode Island
No attempt
No attempt
South Carolina
No attempt
Success
South Dakota
No attempt
No attempt
Tennessee
Pending
Success
Texas
Failure
Failure
Virgin Islands
Success
No attempt

References

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  82. San Francisco Chronicle
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  83. Insight
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  84. "New Bill Would End Daylight Savings Time in California"
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  85. "Standard Time In Colorado"
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  86. "Colorado Movement to Abolish Daylight Saving Time Remains Hopeful Despite Loss"
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  87. Colorado General Assembly
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  88. The Gazette
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  89. "Connecticut HB06071 | 2023 | General Assembly"
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  90. trackbill.com
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  91. "Connecticut HB06074 | 2023 | General Assembly"
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  92. Delaware General Assembly
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  93. "SB 100"
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  94. "HB 44"
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  95. "SLH 1967 Act 4"
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  97. Idaho State Legislature
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  99. "Bill Status of HB2609"
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  100. "Bill Status of HB3321"
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  101. Iowa Legislature
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  102. The Gazette
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  104. The Gazette
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  105. Iowa Legislature
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  106. Iowa Legislature
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  107. Iowa Legislature
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  108. Iowa Legislature
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  109. KSNT 27 News
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  110. Kansas State Legislature
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  111. Kentucky General Assembly
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  113. "Maine HP 659 / LD 885 - An Act To Adopt Eastern Daylight Time Year-round"
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  114. "HB 126"
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  115. Massachusetts State Legislature
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  116. The Daily Beast
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  117. "HF 500"
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  118. "SF 692"
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  119. Minnesota Legislature, Office of the Revisor of Statutes
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  120. Mississippi Legislature Bill Status
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  121. Mississippi Legislature Bill Status
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  122. Missouri House of Representatives
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  123. Missouri House of Representatives
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  124. Montana Legislature Bill Lookup
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  127. General Court of New Hampshire - Bill Status System
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  128. New Jersey Legislature
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  129. New Jersey Legislature
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  130. North Dakota Monitor
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  131. The Ohio Legislature
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  132. Oklahoma Voice
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  133. Oklahoma Legislature
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  134. "SB1548 2024 Regular Session - Oregon Legislative Information System"
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  135. New York Times
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  137. Texas Legislature Online
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  140. www.ksl.com
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  141. Utah State Legislature
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  142. Virginia General Assembly Legislative Information System
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  143. Washington State Legislature
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  144. Washington State Legislature
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  145. West Virginia Legislature
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  146. West Virginia Legislature
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  147. State of Wyoming Legislature
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  148. State of Wyoming Legislature
    https://www.wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2020/HB0044
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