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Paul von Hindenburg

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Paul von Hindenburg

Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German military officer and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany from 1925 until his death in 1934. He played a key role in the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 through his appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. Paul von Hindenburg was born to a family of minor Prussian nobility in the Grand Duchy of Posen. Upon completing his education as a cadet, he enlisted in the Third Regiment of Foot Guards. In this unit, Hindenburg saw combat during the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian wars. In 1873, he was admitted to the prestigious War Academy in Berlin, where he studied before being appointed to the General Staff Corps. In 1885, he was promoted to major and became a member of the German General Staff. After teaching at the War Academy, Hindenburg rose to become a lieutenant general by 1900. In 1911, he retired from the military. After World War I began in 1914, Hindenburg was recalled and achieved fame on the Eastern Front as the victor of the Battle of Tannenberg. His continued success with battling the Russians in the east made him a national hero and the center of a pervasive cult of personality. By 1916, his popularity had risen to the point that he replaced General Erich von Falkenhayn as Chief of the Great General Staff. Thereafter, he and his deputy, General Erich Ludendorff, exploited Kaiser Wilhelm II's immense delegation of power to the Supreme Army Command to establish a de facto military dictatorship. Under their leadership, Germany secured Russia's defeat and achieved the largest advance on the Western Front since the early days of the war. However, after the United States entered the war on the side of the Allies, Germany's fortunes were sharply reversed after its army was decisively defeated in the Second Battle of the Marne and the Allies' Hundred Days Offensive. Following the armistice, Hindenburg stepped down as Chief of Staff, before retiring again in 1919. In 1925, Hindenburg returned to public life to become the second elected president of the Weimar Republic. Opposed to Hitler and the Nazi Party, Hindenburg nonetheless played a major role in the instability that resulted in their rise to power. After twice dissolving the Reichstag in 1932, Hindenburg agreed in January 1933 to appoint Hitler as chancellor in coalition with the German National People's Party. In response to the February 1933 Reichstag fire, Hindenburg approved the Reichstag Fire Decree which suspended various civil liberties. He likewise signed the Enabling Act of 1933 which gave the Nazi regime emergency powers. After Hindenburg died the following year, Hitler combined the presidency with the chancellery before declaring himself Führer (lit. 'Leader') of Germany and transforming the country into a totalitarian dictatorship.

Infobox

Chancellor
See list Hans LutherWilhelm MarxHermann MüllerHeinrich BrüningFranz von PapenKurt von SchleicherAdolf Hitler
Preceded by
Erich von Falkenhayn
Succeeded by
Wilhelm Groener
Deputy
Erich Ludendorff (as First Quartermaster-General)
Born
Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg(1847-10-02)2 October 1847Posen, Prussia
Died
2 August 1934(1934-08-02) (aged 86)Neudeck, Germany
Resting place
St. Elizabeth's Church, Marburg
Political party
Independent
Spouse
mw- Gertrud von Sperling (m. 1879; died 1921)
Children
3, including Oskar
Relatives
Erich von Manstein (nephew)
Allegiance
mw- li German Empire Kingdom of Prussia
Branch/service
Imperial German Army Prussian Army
Years of service
1866–19111914–1918
Rank
Generalfeldmarschall
Battles/wars
mw- }Expand list: Austro-Prussian War Battle of Königgrätz Franco-Prussian War Battle of Gravelotte World War I Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914) Battle of Tannenberg First Battle of the Masurian Lakes Battle of Augustów Battle of the Vistula River Battle of Łódź Battle of the Four Rivers Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes First Battle of Przasnysz Battle of Humin-Bolimów Battle of Łomża German summer offensive (1915) Attack of the Dead Men Bug–Narew offensive Siege of Novogeorgievsk Riga–Schaulen offensive Vilno-Dvinsk offensive Lake Naroch offensive Battle of Verdun Baranovichi offensive Brusilov offensive Second Brusilov offensive German spring offensive
Awards
Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron CrossPour le Mérite
Party
Independent

Tables

· External links
Preceded byMaximilian von Prittwitz
Preceded byMaximilian von Prittwitz
Military offices
Preceded byMaximilian von Prittwitz
Military offices
Commander, 8th Army 1914
Military offices
Succeeded byRichard von Schubert
New title
New title
Military offices
New title
Military offices
Commander, 9th Army 1914
Military offices
Succeeded byAugust von Mackensen
Oberbefehlshaber Ost 1914–1916
Oberbefehlshaber Ost 1914–1916
Military offices
Oberbefehlshaber Ost 1914–1916
Military offices
Succeeded byPrince Leopold of Bavaria
Preceded byErich von Falkenhayn
Preceded byErich von Falkenhayn
Military offices
Preceded byErich von Falkenhayn
Military offices
Chief of the General Staff 1916–1919
Military offices
Succeeded byWilhelm Groener
Preceded byFriedrich Ebert
Preceded byFriedrich Ebert
Military offices
Preceded byFriedrich Ebert
Military offices
Supreme Commander of the Reichswehr 1925–1934
Military offices
Succeeded byAdolf Hitler
Political offices
Political offices
Military offices
Political offices
Preceded byFriedrich Ebert
Preceded byFriedrich Ebert
Military offices
Preceded byFriedrich Ebert
Military offices
President of Germany 1925–1934
Military offices
Succeeded byAdolf Hitleras Führer of Germany
Military offices
Preceded byMaximilian von Prittwitz
Commander, 8th Army 1914
Succeeded byRichard von Schubert
New title
Commander, 9th Army 1914
Succeeded byAugust von Mackensen
Oberbefehlshaber Ost 1914–1916
Succeeded byPrince Leopold of Bavaria
Preceded byErich von Falkenhayn
Chief of the General Staff 1916–1919
Succeeded byWilhelm Groener
Preceded byFriedrich Ebert
Supreme Commander of the Reichswehr 1925–1934
Succeeded byAdolf Hitler
Political offices
Preceded byFriedrich Ebert
President of Germany 1925–1934
Succeeded byAdolf Hitleras Führer of Germany

References

  1. German pronunciation: [paʊl ˈluːtvɪç hans ˈʔantoːn fɔn ˈbɛnəkn̩dɔʁf ʔʊnt fɔn ˈhɪndn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ.
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