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Paul Kagame

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Paul Kagame

Paul Kagame ( kə-GAH-may; born 23 October 1957) is a Rwandan politician and former military officer who has been the President of Rwanda since 2000. He was previously considered Rwanda's de facto leader between 1994 and 2000, while Vice President and Minister of Defence under President Pasteur Bizimungu, until assuming the Presidency in 2000. He was previously a commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a rebel armed force which invaded Rwanda in 1990. The RPF was one of the main belligerents of the Rwandan Civil War and was the armed force which ended the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Born to a Tutsi family in southern Rwanda that fled to Uganda when he was two years old, Kagame spent the rest of his childhood there during the Rwandan Revolution, which ended Tutsi political dominance. In the 1980s, Kagame fought in Yoweri Museveni's rebel army becoming a senior Ugandan army officer after many military victories led Museveni to the Ugandan presidency. Kagame joined the RPF, taking control of the group when previous leader Fred Rwigyema died on the second day of the 1990 invasion. By 1993, the RPF controlled significant territory in Rwanda and a ceasefire was negotiated. The assassination of Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana set off the genocide, in which Hutu extremists killed an estimated 500,000 to 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu. Kagame resumed the civil war and ended the genocide with a military victory. During his vice presidency, Kagame controlled the national army and was responsible for maintaining the government's power, while other officials began rebuilding the country. Many RPF soldiers carried out retribution killings. Kagame said he did not support these killings but failed to stop them. Hutu refugee camps formed in Zaire and other countries and the RPF attacked the camps in 1996, but insurgents continued to attack Rwanda. As part of the invasion, Kagame sponsored two rebel wars in Zaire. Rwandan- and Ugandan-backed rebels won the first war (1996–97), installing Laurent-Désiré Kabila as president in place of dictator Mobutu Sese Seko and returning Zaire to its former pre-Mobutu name, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The second war was launched in 1998 against Kabila, and later his son Joseph, following the DRC government's expulsion of Rwandan and Ugandan military forces from the country. The war escalated into a conflict that lasted until a 2003 peace deal and ceasefire. Bizimungu resigned in 2000, most likely having been forced to do so, following a falling out with the RPF. He was replaced by Kagame. Bizimungu was later imprisoned for corruption and inciting ethnic violence, charges that human rights groups described as politically motivated. Kagame's rule is considered authoritarian, and human rights groups accuse him of political repression. Overall opinion on the regime by foreign observers is mixed, and as president, Kagame has prioritised national development, launching programmes which have led to development on key indicators including healthcare, education and economic growth. Kagame has had mostly good relations with the East African Community and the United States; his relations with France were poor until 2009. Relations with the DRC remain tense despite the 2003 ceasefire; human rights groups and a leaked United Nations report allege Rwandan support for two insurgencies in the country, a charge Kagame denies. Several countries suspended aid payments in 2012 following these allegations. Since coming to power, Kagame has won four presidential elections, but none of these have been rated free or fair by international observers. His role in the assassination of exiled political opponents has been controversial.

Infobox

Prime Minister
mw- Bernard MakuzaPierre HabumuremyiAnastase MurekeziÉdouard NgirenteJustin Nsengiyumva
Preceded by
Augustin Bizimana
Succeeded by
Emmanuel Habyarimana
President
Pasteur Bizimungu
Born
(1957-10-23) 23 October 1957 (age 68)Tambwe, Gitarama Province, Ruanda-Urundi(now Nyarutovu, Rwanda)
Political party
Rwandan Patriotic Front
Spouse
mw- Jeannette Nyiramongi (m. 1989)
Children
4
Alma mater
Command and General Staff College
Website
Official website
Allegiance
National Resistance Army (1979–1990) Rwandan Patriotic Front (since 1990) Rwanda (since 1994)
Years of service
1979–2000
Battles/wars
Ugandan Bush WarWar in Uganda (1986–1994)Rwandan Civil War
Party
Rwandan Patriotic Front

Tables

· External links
Preceded byFred Rwigyema
Preceded byFred Rwigyema
Political offices
Preceded byFred Rwigyema
Political offices
Chief of Defence Staff of the Rwandan Patriotic Armyas Commander-in-chief of the Rwandan Patriotic Front until 1994 October 1990 – 1998
Political offices
Succeeded byFaustin Kayumba Nyamwasa
Preceded byAugustin Bizimana
Preceded byAugustin Bizimana
Political offices
Preceded byAugustin Bizimana
Political offices
Minister of Defence 19 July 1994 – 22 April 2000
Political offices
Succeeded byEmmanuel Habyarimana
New office
New office
Political offices
New office
Political offices
Vice President of Rwanda 19 July 1994 – 22 April 2000
Political offices
Position abolished
Preceded byAlexis Kanyarengwe
Preceded byAlexis Kanyarengwe
Political offices
Preceded byAlexis Kanyarengwe
Political offices
President of the Rwandan Patriotic Front 15 February 1998 – present
Political offices
Incumbent
Preceded byPasteur Bizimungu
Preceded byPasteur Bizimungu
Political offices
Preceded byPasteur Bizimungu
Political offices
President of Rwanda 22 April 2000–presentActing President: 24 March 2000 – 22 April 2000
Political offices
Preceded byFred Rwigyema
Chief of Defence Staff of the Rwandan Patriotic Armyas Commander-in-chief of the Rwandan Patriotic Front until 1994 October 1990 – 1998
Succeeded byFaustin Kayumba Nyamwasa
Preceded byAugustin Bizimana
Minister of Defence 19 July 1994 – 22 April 2000
Succeeded byEmmanuel Habyarimana
New office
Vice President of Rwanda 19 July 1994 – 22 April 2000
Position abolished
Preceded byAlexis Kanyarengwe
President of the Rwandan Patriotic Front 15 February 1998 – present
Incumbent
Preceded byPasteur Bizimungu
President of Rwanda 22 April 2000–presentActing President: 24 March 2000 – 22 April 2000

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    https://x.com/APFfrancophonie/status/1545864051569328141
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