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Patrice Lumumba

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Patrice Lumumba

Patrice Émery Lumumba ( pə-TREESS luu-MUUM-bə; born Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa; 2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then known as the Republic of the Congo) from June until September 1960, following the May 1960 election. Lumumba was the leader of the Congolese National Movement (MNC) from 1958 until his assassination in 1961. Ideologically an African nationalist and pan-Africanist, he played a significant role in the transformation of the Congo from a colony of Belgium into an independent republic. Shortly after Congolese independence in June 1960, a mutiny broke out in the army, marking the beginning of the Congo Crisis. After a coup, Lumumba attempted to escape to Stanleyville to join his supporters who had established a new anti-Mobutu state called the Free Republic of the Congo. Lumumba was captured en route by state authorities under Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, sent to the State of Katanga and, with the help of Belgian mercenaries, tortured and executed by the separatist Katangan authorities of Moïse Tshombe. In 2002, Belgium formally apologised for its role in the execution, admitting "moral responsibility", and in 2022, it returned Lumumba’s tooth to his family. He is seen as a martyr for the pan-African movement.

Infobox

President
Joseph Kasa-Vubu
Deputy
Antoine Gizenga
Preceded by
Office established
Succeeded by
Ferdinand Kazadi[b]
Prime Minister
Himself
Born
Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa(1925-07-02)2 July 1925Katakokombe, Congo-Kasaï, Belgian Congo[c]
Died
17 January 1961(1961-01-17) (aged 35)near Élisabethville, State of Katanga[d]
Manner of death
Assassination by firing squad
Political party
MNC
Spouse
mw- Pauline Opango (m. 1951)
Children
mw- François LumumbaGuy-Patrice LumumbaRoland-Gilbert LumumbaJuliana LumumbaMarie-Christine Lumumba
Party
MNC

Tables

· External links
Preceded byPosition created on independence from Belgium
Preceded byPosition created on independence from Belgium
Political offices
Preceded byPosition created on independence from Belgium
Political offices
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 24 June – 5 September 1960
Political offices
Succeeded byJoseph Iléo
Political offices
Preceded byPosition created on independence from Belgium
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 24 June – 5 September 1960
Succeeded byJoseph Iléo

References

  1. Though Lumumba was dismissed from his post on 5 September 1960 by President Kasa-Vubu, Parliament continued to recognise
  2. As Commissioner-General for National Defence.
  3. Now Sankuru, Democratic Republic of the Congo
  4. Now Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
  5. Alternatively found as Patrice Hemery Lumumba.
  6. Kanza later said, "[Lumumba] didn't care ... as long as an American presented this contract. People like us tried to tel
  7. When Lumumba left the Congo Parliament went into recess. Upon his return, he recommended that the body remain in recess
  8. According to Govender, "Lumumba had always been reluctant to declare a state of emergency, but with the intensification
  9. Govender wrote that except for the Belga case, "Lumumba took no steps against [foreign correspondents]. He allowed them
  10. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that Lumumba was growing impatient with the Parliamentary system and was seeking
  11. Article 22 of the Loi Fondamentale reads, "The President names and revokes the Prime Minister." There was no elaboration
  12. Lumumba denied having authorised the arrests and issued an apology before the Chamber.
  13. According to de Witte, the vote was tallied as 41 to two with six abstentions.[citation needed]
  14. De Witte described Kasa-Vubu's dismissal order as "clearly not constitutional" and labelled the invoked Article 22 as a
  15. Various sources state Mobutu's action was encouraged and supported by Belgium and the United States.
  16. Journalist Russell Warren Howe listed multiple popular "illusions" about Lumumba in 1968: "Lumumba was a radical revolut
  17. Anthropologist Yolanda Covington-Ward wrote that, though Lumumba was "privileged in the historical literature on nationa
  18. Zeilig 2015, Section: Wives, lovers and children.
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