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Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives

Updated: Wikipedia source

Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives

Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives, also known as floor leaders, are congresspeople who coordinate legislative initiatives and serve as the chief spokespersons for their parties on the House floor. These leaders are elected every two years in secret balloting of their party caucuses or conferences: the House Democratic Caucus and the House Republican Conference. Depending on which party is in power, one party leader serves as majority leader and the other as minority leader. Unlike the Senate majority leader, the House majority leader is the second highest-ranking member of their party's House caucus, behind the speaker of the House. The majority leader is responsible for setting the annual legislative agenda, scheduling legislation for consideration, and coordinating committee activity. The minority leader serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the minority counterpart to the speaker. The minority leader also speaks for the minority party in the House and its policies, and works to protect the minority party's rights. The assistant majority leader and assistant minority leader of the House, commonly called whips, are the second-ranking members of each party's leadership. The main function of the majority and minority whips is to gather votes of their respective parties on major issues.

Tables

· Party whips and assistant party leaders › Chief deputy whips › List of Republican chief deputy whips
97th
1981
1981–1993
97th
Congress
97th
Officeholder
David F. Emery
District
ME-01
Term
1981–1993
Party whip
Trent Lott
Speaker
Tip O'Neill— Dem majority –
98th
1983
1983–1987
98th
Congress
98th
Officeholder
Tom Loeffler
District
TX-21
Term
1983–1987
99th
99th
Congress
99th
100th
1987
1987–1989
100th
Congress
100th
Officeholder
Edward Rell Madigan
District
IL-15
Term
1987–1989
Party whip
Jim WrightTom Foley— Dem majority –
101st
1989
1989–1995
101st
Congress
101st
Officeholder
Robert Smith Walker
District
PA-16
Term
1989–1995
Party whip
Dick CheneyNewt Gingrich
Newt Gingrich
Newt Gingrich
Congress
Newt Gingrich
Officeholder
Tom Foley— Dem majority –
102nd
102nd
Congress
102nd
103rd
103rd
Congress
103rd
104th
1995
1995–1999
104th
Congress
104th
Officeholder
Dennis Hastert
District
IL-14
Term
1995–1999
Party whip
Tom DeLay
Speaker
Newt Gingrich— GOP majority —
105th
105th
Congress
105th
106th
1999
1999–2003
106th
Congress
106th
Officeholder
Roy Blunt
District
MO-07
Term
1999–2003
Party whip
Dennis Hastert— GOP majority —
107th
107th
Congress
107th
108th
2003
2003–2009
108th
Congress
108th
Officeholder
Eric Cantor
District
VA-07
Term
2003–2009
Party whip
Roy Blunt
109th
109th
Congress
109th
110th
110th
Congress
110th
Officeholder
Nancy Pelosi— Dem majority –
111th
2009
2009–2011
111th
Congress
111th
Officeholder
Kevin McCarthy
District
CA-22
Term
2009–2011
Party whip
Eric Cantor
112th
2011
2011–2014
112th
Congress
112th
Officeholder
Peter Roskam
District
IL-06
Term
2011–2014
Party whip
Kevin McCarthy
Speaker
John Boehner— GOP majority —
113th
113th
Congress
113th
Patrick McHenry
Patrick McHenry
Congress
Patrick McHenry
Officeholder
NC-10
District
2014–2019
Term
Steve Scalise
114th
114th
Congress
114th
Officeholder
Paul Ryan— GOP majority —
115th
115th
Congress
115th
116th
2019
2019–2023
116th
Congress
116th
Officeholder
Drew Ferguson
District
GA-03
Term
2019–2023
Party whip
Nancy Pelosi— Dem majority –
117th
117th
Congress
117th
118th
118th
Congress
118th
Officeholder
Guy Reschenthaler
District
PA-14
Term
2023–present
Party whip
Tom Emmer
Speaker
Kevin McCarthy
Patrick McHenry
Patrick McHenry
Congress
Patrick McHenry
Mike Johnson— GOP majority —
Mike Johnson— GOP majority —
Congress
Mike Johnson— GOP majority —
119th
119th
Congress
119th
Congress
Officeholder
District
Term
Party whip
Speaker
97th
David F. Emery
ME-01
1981–1993
Trent Lott
Tip O'Neill— Dem majority –
98th
Tom Loeffler
TX-21
1983–1987
99th
100th
Edward Rell Madigan
IL-15
1987–1989
Jim WrightTom Foley— Dem majority –
101st
Robert Smith Walker
PA-16
1989–1995
Dick CheneyNewt Gingrich
Newt Gingrich
Tom Foley— Dem majority –
102nd
103rd
104th
Dennis Hastert
IL-14
1995–1999
Tom DeLay
Newt Gingrich— GOP majority —
105th
106th
Roy Blunt
MO-07
1999–2003
Dennis Hastert— GOP majority —
107th
108th
Eric Cantor
VA-07
2003–2009
Roy Blunt
109th
110th
Nancy Pelosi— Dem majority –
111th
Kevin McCarthy
CA-22
2009–2011
Eric Cantor
112th
Peter Roskam
IL-06
2011–2014
Kevin McCarthy
John Boehner— GOP majority —
113th
Patrick McHenry
NC-10
2014–2019
Steve Scalise
114th
Paul Ryan— GOP majority —
115th
116th
Drew Ferguson
GA-03
2019–2023
Nancy Pelosi— Dem majority –
117th
118th
Guy Reschenthaler
PA-14
2023–present
Tom Emmer
Kevin McCarthy
Patrick McHenry
Mike Johnson— GOP majority —
119th
· Party whips and assistant party leaders › Chief deputy whips › List of Democratic senior chief deputy whips
108th
2003
2003–2020
108th
Congress
108th
Officeholder 1
John Lewis
District
GA-05
Term
2003–2020
Officeholder 2
2nd position not established
District
Steny Hoyer
Term
Dennis Hastert— GOP majority —
109th
109th
Congress
109th
110th
110th
Congress
110th
Officeholder 1
Jim Clyburn
District
Nancy Pelosi— Dem majority –
111th
111th
Congress
111th
112th
112th
Congress
112th
Officeholder 1
Steny Hoyer
District
John Boehner— GOP majority —
113th
113th
Congress
113th
114th
114th
Congress
114th
Officeholder 1
John BoehnerPaul Ryan— GOP majority —
115th
115th
Congress
115th
Officeholder 1
Paul Ryan— GOP majority —
116th
116th
Congress
116th
Officeholder 1
Jan Schakowsky
District
IL-09
Term
2019–present
Officeholder 2
Jim Clyburn
District
Nancy Pelosi— Dem majority –
117th
2021
2021–2022
117th
Congress
117th
Officeholder 1
G. K. Butterfield
District
NC-01
Term
2021–2022
118th
118th
Congress
118th
Officeholder 1
Position abolished
District
Katherine Clark
Term
Kevin McCarthyPatrick McHenryMike Johnson— GOP majority —
119th
119th
Congress
119th
Officeholder 1
Mike Johnson— GOP majority —
Congress
Officeholder 1
District
Term
Officeholder 2
District
Term
Party whip
Speaker
108th
John Lewis
GA-05
2003–2020
2nd position not established
Steny Hoyer
Dennis Hastert— GOP majority —
109th
110th
Jim Clyburn
Nancy Pelosi— Dem majority –
111th
112th
Steny Hoyer
John Boehner— GOP majority —
113th
114th
John BoehnerPaul Ryan— GOP majority —
115th
Paul Ryan— GOP majority —
116th
Jan Schakowsky
IL-09
2019–present
Jim Clyburn
Nancy Pelosi— Dem majority –
117th
G. K. Butterfield
NC-01
2021–2022
118th
Position abolished
Katherine Clark
Kevin McCarthyPatrick McHenryMike Johnson— GOP majority —
119th
Mike Johnson— GOP majority —
· Party whips and assistant party leaders › Chief deputy whips › List of Democratic chief deputy whips
84th
1955
1955–1962
84th
Congress
84th
Officeholder
Hale Boggs
District
LA-02
Term
1955–1962
Party whip
Carl Albert
Speaker
Sam Rayburn— Dem majority –
85th
85th
Congress
85th
86th
86th
Congress
86th
87th
87th
Congress
87th
87th
1962
1962–1971
87th
Congress
87th
Officeholder
Tip O'Neill
District
MA-08
Term
1962–1971
Party whip
Hale Boggs
Speaker
John W. McCormack— Dem majority –
88th
88th
Congress
88th
89th
89th
Congress
89th
90th
90th
Congress
90th
91st
91st
Congress
91st
92nd
1971
1971–1973
92nd
Congress
92nd
Officeholder
John Brademas
District
IN-03
Term
1971–1973
Party whip
Tip O'Neill
Speaker
Carl Albert— Dem majority –
John J. McFall
John J. McFall
Congress
John J. McFall
Officeholder
CA-15
93rd
1973
1973–1977
93rd
Congress
93rd
Officeholder
John Brademas
District
IN-03
Term
1973–1977
Party whip
John J. McFall
94th
94th
Congress
94th
95th
1977
1977–1981
95th
Congress
95th
Officeholder
Dan Rostenkowski
District
IL-08
Term
1977–1981
Party whip
John Brademas
Speaker
Tip O'Neill— Dem majority –
96th
96th
Congress
96th
97th
1981
1981–1987
97th
Congress
97th
Officeholder
Bill Alexander
District
AR-01
Term
1981–1987
Party whip
Tom Foley
98th
98th
Congress
98th
99th
99th
Congress
99th
100th
1987
1987–1991
100th
Congress
100th
Officeholder
David Bonior
District
MI-12
Term
1987–1991
Party whip
Tony Coelho
Speaker
Jim Wright— Dem majority –
101st
101st
Congress
101st
Officeholder
Tony CoelhoWilliam H. Gray III
District
Jim WrightTom Foley — Dem majority –
Congress
Officeholder
District
Term
Party whip
Speaker
84th
Hale Boggs
LA-02
1955–1962
Carl Albert
Sam Rayburn— Dem majority –
85th
86th
87th
87th
Tip O'Neill
MA-08
1962–1971
Hale Boggs
John W. McCormack— Dem majority –
88th
89th
90th
91st
92nd
John Brademas
IN-03
1971–1973
Tip O'Neill
Carl Albert— Dem majority –
John J. McFall
CA-15
93rd
John Brademas
IN-03
1973–1977
John J. McFall
94th
95th
Dan Rostenkowski
IL-08
1977–1981
John Brademas
Tip O'Neill— Dem majority –
96th
97th
Bill Alexander
AR-01
1981–1987
Tom Foley
98th
99th
100th
David Bonior
MI-12
1987–1991
Tony Coelho
Jim Wright— Dem majority –
101st
Tony CoelhoWilliam H. Gray III
Jim WrightTom Foley — Dem majority –
· Party whips and assistant party leaders › Chief deputy whips › List of Democratic chief deputy whips
Congress(Years)
Congress(Years)
Col 1
Congress(Years)
Officeholders
Position 1
Officeholders
Position 2
Officeholders
Position 3
Officeholders
Position 4
Officeholders
Position 5
Officeholders
Position 6
Officeholders
Position 7
Col 9
Speaker(majority)
102nd(1991–1993)
102nd(1991–1993)
Col 1
102nd(1991–1993)
Officeholders
John Lewis(GA-05)
Officeholders
Barbara B. Kennelly(CT-02)
Officeholders
Butler Derrick(SC-03)
Officeholders
Position not established
Officeholders
Positions not established
Officeholders
Tom Foley(Dem majority)
103rd(1993–1995)
103rd(1993–1995)
Col 1
103rd(1993–1995)
Officeholders
Bill Richardson(NM-03)
104th(1995–1997)
104th(1995–1997)
Col 1
104th(1995–1997)
Officeholders
Rosa DeLauro(CT-03)
Officeholders
Vacant
Officeholders
Newt Gingrich(GOP majority)
105th(1997–1999)
105th(1997–1999)
Col 1
105th(1997–1999)
Officeholders
Bob Menendez(NJ-13)
Officeholders
Chet Edwards(TX-11)
106th(1999–2001)
106th(1999–2001)
Col 1
106th(1999–2001)
Officeholders
Vacant
Officeholders
Maxine Waters(CA-35)Ed Pastor(AZ-02,04, 07)
Officeholders
Dennis Hastert(GOP majority)
107th(2001–2003)
107th(2001–2003)
Col 1
107th(2001–2003)
Officeholders
Max Sandlin(TX-01)
108th(2003–2005)
108th(2003–2005)
Col 1
108th(2003–2005)
Officeholders
Jan Schakowsky(IL-09)
Officeholders
Joe Crowley(NY-07)
Officeholders
Ron Kind(WI-03)
Officeholders
Baron Hill(IN-09)
109th(2005–2007
109th(2005–2007
Col 1
109th(2005–2007
Officeholders
Diana DeGette(CO-01)
Officeholders
John Tanner(TN-08)
110th(2007–2009)
110th(2007–2009)
Col 1
110th(2007–2009)
Officeholders
G. K. Butterfield(NC-01)
Officeholders
Debbie Wasserman Schultz(FL-25)
Officeholders
Nancy Pelosi(Dem majority)
111th(2009–2011)
111th(2009–2011)
Col 1
111th(2009–2011)
112th(2011–2013)
112th(2011–2013)
Col 1
112th(2011–2013)
Officeholders
Debbie Wasserman Schultz(FL-25)Peter Welch(VT at-large)
Officeholders
Jim Matheson(UT-02, 04)
Officeholders
John Boehner(GOP majority)
113th(2013–2015)
113th(2013–2015)
Col 1
113th(2013–2015)
Officeholders
Terri Sewell(AL-07)
Officeholders
Keith Ellison(MN-05)Ben Ray Luján(NM-03)
114th(2015–2017)
114th(2015–2017)
Col 1
114th(2015–2017)
Officeholders
Keith Ellison(MN-05)
Officeholders
Joaquin Castro(TX-20)Kyrsten Sinema(AZ-09)
Officeholders
John BoehnerPaul Ryan(GOP majority)
115th(2017–2019)
115th(2017–2019)
Col 1
115th(2017–2019)
116th(2019–2021)
116th(2019–2021)
Col 1
116th(2019–2021)
Officeholders
Henry Cuellar(TX-28)
Officeholders
Sheila Jackson Lee(TX-18)Dan Kildee(MI-05)
Officeholders
Pete Aguilar(CA-33)
Officeholders
Vacant
Officeholders
Nancy Pelosi(Dem majority)
117th(2021–2023)
117th(2021–2023)
Col 1
117th(2021–2023)
Officeholders
Jimmy Panetta(CA-19)
Officeholders
Stephanie Murphy(FL-07)
118th(2023–2025)
118th(2023–2025)
Col 1
118th(2023–2025)
Officeholders
Sheila Jackson Lee(TX-18)
Officeholders
Sharice Davids(KS-03)Deborah Ross(NC-02)
Officeholders
Linda Sánchez(CA-38)Marilyn Strickland(WA-10)
Officeholders
Colin Alred(TX-32)
Officeholders
Kevin McCarthyPatrick McHenryMike Johnson(GOP majority)
119th(2025–2027)
119th(2025–2027)
Col 1
119th(2025–2027)
Officeholders
Vacant
Officeholders
Vacant
Officeholders
Mike Johnson(GOP majority)
Officeholders
Congress(Years)
Position 1
Position 2
Position 3
Position 4
Position 5
Position 6
Position 7
Speaker(majority)
102nd(1991–1993)
John Lewis(GA-05)
Barbara B. Kennelly(CT-02)
Butler Derrick(SC-03)
Position not established
Positions not established
Tom Foley(Dem majority)
103rd(1993–1995)
Bill Richardson(NM-03)
104th(1995–1997)
Rosa DeLauro(CT-03)
Vacant
Newt Gingrich(GOP majority)
105th(1997–1999)
Bob Menendez(NJ-13)
Chet Edwards(TX-11)
106th(1999–2001)
Vacant
Maxine Waters(CA-35)Ed Pastor(AZ-02,04, 07)
Dennis Hastert(GOP majority)
107th(2001–2003)
Max Sandlin(TX-01)
108th(2003–2005)
Jan Schakowsky(IL-09)
Joe Crowley(NY-07)
Ron Kind(WI-03)
Baron Hill(IN-09)
109th(2005–2007
Diana DeGette(CO-01)
John Tanner(TN-08)
110th(2007–2009)
G. K. Butterfield(NC-01)
Debbie Wasserman Schultz(FL-25)
Nancy Pelosi(Dem majority)
111th(2009–2011)
112th(2011–2013)
Debbie Wasserman Schultz(FL-25)Peter Welch(VT at-large)
Jim Matheson(UT-02, 04)
John Boehner(GOP majority)
113th(2013–2015)
Terri Sewell(AL-07)
Keith Ellison(MN-05)Ben Ray Luján(NM-03)
114th(2015–2017)
Keith Ellison(MN-05)
Joaquin Castro(TX-20)Kyrsten Sinema(AZ-09)
John BoehnerPaul Ryan(GOP majority)
115th(2017–2019)
116th(2019–2021)
Henry Cuellar(TX-28)
Sheila Jackson Lee(TX-18)Dan Kildee(MI-05)
Pete Aguilar(CA-33)
Vacant
Nancy Pelosi(Dem majority)
117th(2021–2023)
Jimmy Panetta(CA-19)
Stephanie Murphy(FL-07)
118th(2023–2025)
Sheila Jackson Lee(TX-18)
Sharice Davids(KS-03)Deborah Ross(NC-02)
Linda Sánchez(CA-38)Marilyn Strickland(WA-10)
Colin Alred(TX-32)
Kevin McCarthyPatrick McHenryMike Johnson(GOP majority)
119th(2025–2027)
Vacant
Vacant
Mike Johnson(GOP majority)
· Party whips and assistant party leaders › Assistant party leaders
Rosa DeLauro
1999
1999–2003
Rosa DeLauro
Congress
106th
Name
Rosa DeLauro
District
CT-03
Title
House Democratic Assistant to the Leader
Term start
January 3, 1999
Term end
January 3, 2003
Party leader
Dick Gephardt
John Spratt
John Spratt
Congress
108th
Name
John Spratt
District
SC-05
Title
January 3, 2003
Term start
January 3, 2007
Term end
Nancy Pelosi
Xavier Becerra
Xavier Becerra
Congress
110th
Name
Xavier Becerra
District
CA-31
Title
January 3, 2007
Term start
January 3, 2009
Chris Van Hollen
Chris Van Hollen
Congress
111th
Name
Chris Van Hollen
District
MD-08
Title
January 3, 2009
Term start
January 3, 2011
Jim Clyburn
2011
2011–2019
Jim Clyburn
Congress
112th
Name
Jim Clyburn
District
SC-06
Title
House Assistant Democratic Leader
Term start
January 3, 2011
Term end
January 3, 2019
Katherine Clark
Katherine Clark
Congress
117th
Name
Katherine Clark
District
MA-05
Title
January 3, 2021
Term start
January 3, 2023
Jim Clyburn
2023
2023–2024
Jim Clyburn
Congress
118th
Name
Jim Clyburn
District
SC-06
Title
House Assistant Democratic Leader
Term start
January 3, 2023
Term end
March 20, 2024
Party leader
Hakeem Jeffries
CO-02
CO-02
Congress
Joe Neguse
Name
CO-02
District
March 20, 2024
Title
present
Congress
Name
District
Title
Term start
Term end
Party leader
106th
Rosa DeLauro
CT-03
House Democratic Assistant to the Leader
January 3, 1999
January 3, 2003
Dick Gephardt
107th
108th
John Spratt
SC-05
January 3, 2003
January 3, 2007
Nancy Pelosi
109th
110th
Xavier Becerra
CA-31
January 3, 2007
January 3, 2009
111th
Chris Van Hollen
MD-08
January 3, 2009
January 3, 2011
112th
Jim Clyburn
SC-06
House Assistant Democratic Leader
January 3, 2011
January 3, 2019
113th
114th
115th
116th
Ben Ray Luján
NM-03
Assistant Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
January 3, 2019
January 3, 2021
117th
Katherine Clark
MA-05
January 3, 2021
January 3, 2023
118th
Jim Clyburn
SC-06
House Assistant Democratic Leader
January 3, 2023
March 20, 2024
Hakeem Jeffries
Joe Neguse
CO-02
March 20, 2024
present
118th
119th
· List of party leaders and whips
56th
56th
Congress
56th
Years
1899–1901
Democratic whip
Oscar Underwood(Alabama)
Democratic leader
James D. Richardson(Tennessee)
Speaker
— GOP majority –David B. Henderson(Iowa)
Republican leader
Sereno E. Payne(New York)
Republican whip
James Albertus Tawney(Minnesota)
Col 8
William McKinley(Republican)
57th
57th
Congress
57th
Years
1901–1903
Democratic whip
James Tilghman Lloyd(Missouri)
Democratic leader
Theodore Roosevelt(Republican)
58th
58th
Congress
58th
Years
1903–1905
Democratic whip
John Sharp Williams(Mississippi)
Democratic leader
— GOP majority –Joe Cannon(Illinois)
59th
59th
Congress
59th
Years
1905–1907
Democratic whip
James E. Watson(Indiana)
60th
60th
Congress
60th
Years
1907–1908
1908–1909
1908–1909
Congress
1908–1909
61st
61st
Congress
61st
Years
1909–1911
Democratic whip
None
Democratic leader
Champ Clark(Missouri)
Speaker
John W. Dwight(New York)
Republican leader
William Howard Taft(Republican)
62nd
62nd
Congress
62nd
Years
1911–1913
Democratic whip
Oscar Underwood(Alabama)
Democratic leader
— Dem majority –Champ Clark(Missouri)
Speaker
James Mann(Illinois)
63rd
63rd
Congress
63rd
Years
1913–1915
Democratic whip
Thomas M. Bell(Georgia)
Democratic leader
Charles H. Burke(South Dakota)
Speaker
Woodrow Wilson(Democratic)
64th
64th
Congress
64th
Years
1915–1917
Democratic whip
None
Democratic leader
Claude Kitchin(North Carolina)
Speaker
Charles M. Hamilton(New York)
65th
65th
Congress
65th
Years
1917–1919
66th
66th
Congress
66th
Years
1919–1921
Democratic whip
Champ Clark(Missouri)
Democratic leader
— GOP majority –Frederick H. Gillett(Massachusetts)
Speaker
Frank W. Mondell(Wyoming)
Republican leader
Harold Knutson(Minnesota)
67th
67th
Congress
67th
Years
1921–1923
Democratic whip
William A. Oldfield(Arkansas)
Democratic leader
Claude Kitchin(North Carolina)
Speaker
Warren G. Harding(Republican)
68th
68th
Congress
68th
Years
1923–1925
Democratic whip
Finis J. Garrett(Tennessee)
Democratic leader
Nicholas Longworth(Ohio)
Speaker
Albert H. Vestal(Indiana)
Republican leader
Calvin Coolidge(Republican)
69th
69th
Congress
69th
Years
1925–1927
Democratic whip
— GOP majority –Nicholas Longworth(Ohio)
Democratic leader
John Q. Tilson(Connecticut)
70th
70th
Congress
70th
Years
1927–1929
71st
71st
Congress
71st
Years
1929–1931
Democratic whip
John McDuffie(Alabama)
Democratic leader
John Nance Garner(Texas)
Speaker
Herbert Hoover(Republican)
72nd
72nd
Congress
72nd
Years
1931–1933
Democratic whip
Henry T. Rainey(Illinois)
Democratic leader
— Dem majority –John Nance Garner(Texas)
Speaker
Bertrand Snell(New York)
Republican leader
Carl G. Bachmann(West Virginia)
73rd
73rd
Congress
73rd
Years
1933–1935
Democratic whip
Arthur H. Greenwood(Indiana)
Democratic leader
Jo Byrns(Tennessee)
Speaker
— Dem majority –Henry T. Rainey(Illinois)
Republican leader
Harry L. Englebright(California)
Republican whip
Franklin D. Roosevelt(Democratic)
74th
74th
Congress
74th
Years
1935–1936
Democratic whip
Patrick J. Boland(Pennsylvania)
Democratic leader
William B. Bankhead(Alabama)
Speaker
— Dem majority –Jo Byrns(Tennessee)
1936–1937
1936–1937
Congress
1936–1937
Years
Sam Rayburn(Texas)
Democratic whip
— Dem majority –William B. Bankhead(Alabama)
75th
75th
Congress
75th
Years
1937–1939
76th
76th
Congress
76th
Years
1939–1940
Democratic whip
Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
1940–1941
1940–1941
Congress
1940–1941
Years
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
Democratic whip
— Dem majority –Sam Rayburn(Texas)
77th
77th
Congress
77th
Years
1941–1942
1942–1943
1942–1943
Congress
1942–1943
Years
Robert Ramspeck(Georgia)
78th
78th
Congress
78th
Years
1943
1943–1945
1943–1945
Congress
1943–1945
Years
Leslie Arends(Illinois)
79th
79th
Congress
79th
Years
1945
Democratic whip
Harry S. Truman(Democratic)
1946–1947
1946–1947
Congress
1946–1947
Years
John Sparkman(Alabama)
80th
80th
Congress
80th
Years
1947–1949
Democratic whip
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
Democratic leader
Sam Rayburn(Texas)
Speaker
— GOP majority –Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
Republican leader
Charles A. Halleck(Indiana)
81st
81st
Congress
81st
Years
1949–1951
Democratic whip
Percy Priest(Tennessee)
Democratic leader
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
Speaker
— Dem majority –Sam Rayburn(Texas)
Republican leader
Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
82nd
82nd
Congress
82nd
Years
1951–1953
83rd
83rd
Congress
83rd
Years
1953–1955
Democratic whip
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
Democratic leader
Sam Rayburn(Texas)
Speaker
— GOP majority –Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
Republican leader
Charles A. Halleck(Indiana)
Republican whip
Dwight D. Eisenhower(Republican)
84th
84th
Congress
84th
Years
1955–1957
Democratic whip
Carl Albert(Oklahoma)
Democratic leader
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
Speaker
— Dem majority –Sam Rayburn(Texas)
Republican leader
Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
85th
85th
Congress
85th
Years
1957–1959
86th
86th
Congress
86th
Years
1959–1961
Democratic whip
Charles A. Halleck(Indiana)
87th
87th
Congress
87th
Years
1961–1962
Democratic whip
John F. Kennedy(Democratic)
1962–1963
1962–1963
Congress
1962–1963
Years
Hale Boggs(Louisiana)
Democratic whip
Carl Albert(Oklahoma)
Democratic leader
— Dem majority –John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
88th
88th
Congress
88th
Years
1963–1965
Democratic whip
Lyndon B. Johnson(Democratic)
89th
89th
Congress
89th
Years
1965–1967
Democratic whip
Gerald Ford(Michigan)
90th
90th
Congress
90th
Years
1967–1969
91st
91st
Congress
91st
Years
1969–1971
Democratic whip
Richard Nixon(Republican)
92nd
92nd
Congress
92nd
Years
1971–1973
Democratic whip
Tip O'Neill(Massachusetts)
Democratic leader
Hale Boggs(Louisiana)
Speaker
— Dem majority –Carl Albert(Oklahoma)
93rd
93rd
Congress
93rd
Years
1973
Democratic whip
John J. McFall(California)
Democratic leader
Tip O'Neill(Massachusetts)
1973–1975
1973–1975
Congress
1973–1975
Years
John Rhodes(Arizona)
94th
94th
Congress
94th
Years
1975–1977
Democratic whip
Bob Michel(Illinois)
Democratic leader
Gerald Ford(Republican)
95th
95th
Congress
95th
Years
1977–1979
Democratic whip
John Brademas(Indiana)
Democratic leader
Jim Wright(Texas)
Speaker
— Dem majority –Tip O'Neill(Massachusetts)
Republican leader
Jimmy Carter(Democratic)
96th
96th
Congress
96th
Years
1979–1981
97th
97th
Congress
97th
Years
1981–1983
Democratic whip
Tom Foley(Washington)
Democratic leader
Bob Michel(Illinois)
Speaker
Trent Lott(Mississippi)
Republican leader
Ronald Reagan(Republican)
98th
98th
Congress
98th
Years
1983–1985
99th
99th
Congress
99th
Years
1985–1987
100th
100th
Congress
100th
Years
1987–1989
Democratic whip
Tony Coelho(California)
Democratic leader
Tom Foley(Washington)
Speaker
— Dem majority –Jim Wright(Texas)
101st
101st
Congress
101st
Years
1989
Democratic whip
Dick Cheney(Wyoming)
Democratic leader
George H. W. Bush(Republican)
1989–1991
1989–1991
Congress
1989–1991
Years
William H. Gray III(Pennsylvania)
Democratic whip
Dick Gephardt(Missouri)
Democratic leader
— Dem majority –Tom Foley(Washington)
Speaker
Newt Gingrich(Georgia)
102nd
102nd
Congress
102nd
Years
1991
1991–1993
1991–1993
Congress
1991–1993
Years
David Bonior(Michigan)
103rd
103rd
Congress
103rd
Years
1993–1995
Democratic whip
Bill Clinton(Democratic)
104th
104th
Congress
104th
Years
1995–1997
Democratic whip
— GOP majority –Newt Gingrich(Georgia)
Democratic leader
Dick Armey(Texas)
Speaker
Tom DeLay(Texas)
105th
105th
Congress
105th
Years
1997–1999
106th
106th
Congress
106th
Years
1999–2001
Democratic whip
— GOP majority –Dennis Hastert(Illinois)
107th
107th
Congress
107th
Years
2001–2002
Democratic whip
George W. Bush(Republican)
2002–2003
2002–2003
Congress
2002–2003
Years
Nancy Pelosi(California)
108th
108th
Congress
108th
Years
2003–2005
Democratic whip
Steny Hoyer(Maryland)
Democratic leader
Nancy Pelosi(California)
Speaker
Tom DeLay(Texas)
Republican leader
Roy Blunt(Missouri)
109th
109th
Congress
109th
Years
2005
2005–2006
2005–2006
Congress
2005–2006
Years
Roy Blunt(Missouri, Acting)
2006–2007
2006–2007
Congress
2006–2007
Years
John Boehner(Ohio)
110th
110th
Congress
110th
Years
2007–2009
Democratic whip
Jim Clyburn(South Carolina)
Democratic leader
Steny Hoyer(Maryland)
Speaker
— Dem majority –Nancy Pelosi(California)
111th
111th
Congress
111th
Years
2009–2011
Democratic whip
Eric Cantor(Virginia)
Democratic leader
Barack Obama(Democratic)
112th
112th
Congress
112th
Years
2011–2013
Democratic whip
Steny Hoyer(Maryland)
Democratic leader
Nancy Pelosi(California)
Speaker
— GOP majority –John Boehner(Ohio)
Republican leader
Eric Cantor(Virginia)
Republican whip
Kevin McCarthy(California)
113th
113th
Congress
113th
Years
2013–2014
2014–2015
2014–2015
Congress
2014–2015
Years
Kevin McCarthy(California)
Democratic whip
Steve Scalise(Louisiana)
114th
114th
Congress
114th
Years
2015
2015–2017
2015–2017
Congress
2015–2017
Years
— GOP majority –Paul Ryan(Wisconsin)
115th
115th
Congress
115th
Years
2017–2019
Democratic whip
Donald Trump(Republican)
116th
116th
Congress
116th
Years
2019–2021
Democratic whip
Jim Clyburn(South Carolina)
Democratic leader
Steny Hoyer(Maryland)
Speaker
— Dem majority –Nancy Pelosi(California)
117th
117th
Congress
117th
Years
2021–2023
Democratic whip
Joe Biden(Democratic)
118th
118th
Congress
118th
Years
2023
Democratic whip
Katherine Clark(Massachusetts)
Democratic leader
Hakeem Jeffries(New York)
Speaker
— GOP majority –Kevin McCarthy(California)
Republican leader
Steve Scalise(Louisiana)
Republican whip
Tom Emmer(Minnesota)
2023–2025
2023–2025
Congress
2023–2025
Years
— GOP majority –Mike Johnson(Louisiana)
119th
119th
Congress
119th
Years
2025–present
Democratic whip
Donald Trump(Republican)
Congress
Congress
Congress
Congress
Years
Years
Democratic whip
Democratic whip
Democratic leader
Democratic leader
Speaker
Speaker
Republican leader
Republican leader
Republican whip
Republican whip
Col 8
U.S. president
Congress
Years
Democratic whip
Democratic leader
Speaker
Republican leader
Republican whip
president
56th
1899–1901
Oscar Underwood(Alabama)
James D. Richardson(Tennessee)
— GOP majority –David B. Henderson(Iowa)
Sereno E. Payne(New York)
James Albertus Tawney(Minnesota)
William McKinley(Republican)
57th
1901–1903
James Tilghman Lloyd(Missouri)
Theodore Roosevelt(Republican)
58th
1903–1905
John Sharp Williams(Mississippi)
— GOP majority –Joe Cannon(Illinois)
59th
1905–1907
James E. Watson(Indiana)
60th
1907–1908
1908–1909
61st
1909–1911
None
Champ Clark(Missouri)
John W. Dwight(New York)
William Howard Taft(Republican)
62nd
1911–1913
Oscar Underwood(Alabama)
— Dem majority –Champ Clark(Missouri)
James Mann(Illinois)
63rd
1913–1915
Thomas M. Bell(Georgia)
Charles H. Burke(South Dakota)
Woodrow Wilson(Democratic)
64th
1915–1917
None
Claude Kitchin(North Carolina)
Charles M. Hamilton(New York)
65th
1917–1919
66th
1919–1921
Champ Clark(Missouri)
— GOP majority –Frederick H. Gillett(Massachusetts)
Frank W. Mondell(Wyoming)
Harold Knutson(Minnesota)
67th
1921–1923
William A. Oldfield(Arkansas)
Claude Kitchin(North Carolina)
Warren G. Harding(Republican)
68th
1923–1925
Finis J. Garrett(Tennessee)
Nicholas Longworth(Ohio)
Albert H. Vestal(Indiana)
Calvin Coolidge(Republican)
69th
1925–1927
— GOP majority –Nicholas Longworth(Ohio)
John Q. Tilson(Connecticut)
70th
1927–1929
71st
1929–1931
John McDuffie(Alabama)
John Nance Garner(Texas)
Herbert Hoover(Republican)
72nd
1931–1933
Henry T. Rainey(Illinois)
— Dem majority –John Nance Garner(Texas)
Bertrand Snell(New York)
Carl G. Bachmann(West Virginia)
73rd
1933–1935
Arthur H. Greenwood(Indiana)
Jo Byrns(Tennessee)
— Dem majority –Henry T. Rainey(Illinois)
Harry L. Englebright(California)
Franklin D. Roosevelt(Democratic)
74th
1935–1936
Patrick J. Boland(Pennsylvania)
William B. Bankhead(Alabama)
— Dem majority –Jo Byrns(Tennessee)
1936–1937
Sam Rayburn(Texas)
— Dem majority –William B. Bankhead(Alabama)
75th
1937–1939
76th
1939–1940
Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
1940–1941
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
— Dem majority –Sam Rayburn(Texas)
77th
1941–1942
1942–1943
Robert Ramspeck(Georgia)
78th
1943
1943–1945
Leslie Arends(Illinois)
79th
1945
Harry S. Truman(Democratic)
1946–1947
John Sparkman(Alabama)
80th
1947–1949
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
Sam Rayburn(Texas)
— GOP majority –Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
Charles A. Halleck(Indiana)
81st
1949–1951
Percy Priest(Tennessee)
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
— Dem majority –Sam Rayburn(Texas)
Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
82nd
1951–1953
83rd
1953–1955
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
Sam Rayburn(Texas)
— GOP majority –Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
Charles A. Halleck(Indiana)
Dwight D. Eisenhower(Republican)
84th
1955–1957
Carl Albert(Oklahoma)
John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
— Dem majority –Sam Rayburn(Texas)
Joseph W. Martin Jr.(Massachusetts)
85th
1957–1959
86th
1959–1961
Charles A. Halleck(Indiana)
87th
1961–1962
John F. Kennedy(Democratic)
1962–1963
Hale Boggs(Louisiana)
Carl Albert(Oklahoma)
— Dem majority –John W. McCormack(Massachusetts)
88th
1963–1965
Lyndon B. Johnson(Democratic)
89th
1965–1967
Gerald Ford(Michigan)
90th
1967–1969
91st
1969–1971
Richard Nixon(Republican)
92nd
1971–1973
Tip O'Neill(Massachusetts)
Hale Boggs(Louisiana)
— Dem majority –Carl Albert(Oklahoma)
93rd
1973
John J. McFall(California)
Tip O'Neill(Massachusetts)
1973–1975
John Rhodes(Arizona)
94th
1975–1977
Bob Michel(Illinois)
Gerald Ford(Republican)
95th
1977–1979
John Brademas(Indiana)
Jim Wright(Texas)
— Dem majority –Tip O'Neill(Massachusetts)
Jimmy Carter(Democratic)
96th
1979–1981

References

  1. These strategic options have been modified to a degree and come from Jones, The Minority Party in Congress, p. 20.
  2. Jim Wright resigned due to an federal investigation financial issues on June 6, 1989; he was succeeded by Majority Leade
  3. Steve Gunderson served alongside Robert Smith Walker from 1989–1993 during the 101st and 102nd Congresses.
  4. Cheney resigned on March 20, 1989, to become Secretary of Defense and was succeeded by Gingrich the same day.
  5. On August 1, 2014, there was a Republican Leadership change after House Republican Majority Leader, Eric Cantor, lost hi
  6. Elected House Speaker on January 7, 2023, after numerous votes and removed by a vote on October 3, 2023.
  7. Selected to serve as Speaker Pro Tempore from October 3 to October 25, 2023.
  8. Elected 56th Speaker on October 25, 2023.
  9. Served in this role until his death on July 17, 2020.
  10. Boehner stepped down as House Speaker on October 29, 2015; he was succeeded by Ryan the same day.
  11. Resigned December 30, 2022, to take on a lobbyist job.
  12. Resigned to become House Majority Whip.
  13. Tony Coelho resigned on June 15, 1989, after press reports of a financial scandal surfaced. On the same day he was succe
  14. Served in this role until her death on July 19, 2024.
  15. "Democratic Whips"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111011042018/http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/dem_whips.html
  16. Congressional Institute
    https://www.congressionalinstitute.org/leadership/
  17. United States Senate
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230306111249/https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_index_subjects/Leadership_vrd.htm
  18. Voice of America
    https://www.voanews.com/a/house-of-representatives-hierarchy/4674319.html
  19. MasterClass
    https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-a-whip-in-congress
  20. pressgallery.house.gov
    https://pressgallery.house.gov/member-data/leadership
  21. Party Leaders in the House: Election, Duties, and Responsibilities
    https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS20881.pdf
  22. msa.maryland.gov
    https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshallfame/html/pelosi.html
  23. bioguide.congress.gov
    https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/g000132
  24. www.house.gov
    https://www.house.gov/feature-stories/2017-3-15-honoring-leader-michel
  25. Historical League
    https://historicalleague.org/projects/john-jacob-rhodes-jr/
  26. The Green Papers
    https://www.thegreenpapers.com/Hx/CongressionalLeadership.html
  27. Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019
    https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RL30567.pdf
  28. Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019
    https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RL30567.pdf
  29. U.S. House History, Art & Archives
    https://history.house.gov/People/Office/Majority-Leaders/
  30. Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia
    https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/u-s-congress-1790-1800/
  31. www.ohiosos.gov
    https://www.ohiosos.gov/elections/election-results-and-data/historical-election-comparisons/polical-composition-of-the-united-states-senate-and-house-of-representatives-1855-34th-congress-present/
  32. Washingtonian
    https://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/6366.html
  33. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-nov-17-la-pn-democratic-leadership-20101118-story.html
  34. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2014/06/11/politics/cantor-resign-majority-leader/index.html?hpt=hp_c2
  35. ABC News
    https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/eric-cantor-step-house-majority-leader/story?id=24092285
  36. MSNBC
    https://www.msnbc.com/the-last-word/eric-cantor-loses-gop-primary-dave-brat
  37. The Atlantic
    https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/eric-cantor-loses-in-stunning-upset/372550/
  38. Smart Politics
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140612023955/http://blog.lib.umn.edu/cspg/smartpolitics/2014/06/eric_cantor_1st_house_majority.php
  39. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/eric-cantor-faces-tea-party-challenge-tuesday/2014/06/10/17da5d20-f092-11e3-bf76-447a5df6411f_story.html
  40. NBC News
    http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/eric-cantor-tells-virginia-newspaper-hell-resign-august-n170201
  41. Congressional Procedure
  42. Capitol Studies
  43. The Washington Community, 1800-1828
  44. The Washington Community, 1800-1828
  45. Capitol Studies
  46. Party Leaders in the House of Representatives
  47. Party Leaders in the House of Representatives
  48. 1883 Congressional Record, Vol. 29, Page 4-5 (December 3, 1883)
    https://www.govinfo.gov/link/crec/29/4/-5
  49. Forge of Democracy: The House of Representatives
  50. Herbert Bruce Fuller, The Speakers of the House (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1909), p. 208.
  51. DeAlva Stanwood Alexander, History and Procedure of the House of Representatives (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916), p. 13
  52. Capitol Studies
  53. Randall Strahan, "Thomas Brackett Reed and the Rise of Party Government," in Roger Davidson, et al., eds., Masters of th
  54. American Political Science Review
  55. History, Art & Archives
    https://history.house.gov/People/Office/Minority-Leaders/
  56. Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019
    https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RL30567.pdf
  57. Fighting for the Speakership: The House and the Rise of Party Government
  58. Our Campaigns
    https://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerHistory.html?ContainerID=16625
  59. Charles O. Jones, The Minority Party in Congress (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1970), p. 31.
  60. Party Leaders in the House of Representatives
  61. Lewis Deschler, Deschler's Precedents of the United States House of Representatives, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Gove
  62. Guy Gugliotta, "For Minority Leader, A Matter of Consensus; Inquiry Vote Tests Gephardt's Skills," The Washington Post,
  63. National Journal
  64. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
  65. Roll Call
  66. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
  67. 1989 Congressional Record, Vol. 135, Page E3000 (September 12, 1989)
    https://www.govinfo.gov/link/crec/135/E/3000
  68. William F. Connelly Jr. and John J. Pitney Jr., Congress' Permanent Minority? Republicans in the U.S. House (Lanham, Mar
  69. Dorothy Collin, "Michel Plays to Peoria -- and U.S.," Chicago Tribune, August 16, 1982, p. 2.
  70. See Jim Vande Hei, "White House Sidesteps Gephardt's Leadership," Roll Call, July 7, 1997, p. 1.
  71. James M. Cannon, "Minority Leaders of the United States House of Representatives, 1965-1973," in Masters of the House, p
  72. James M. Cannon, "Minority Leaders of the United States House of Representatives, 1965-1973," in Masters of the House, p
  73. Burdette Loomis, "The Consummate Minority Leader: Everette M. Dirksen," in Richard Baker and Roger Davidson, eds., First
  74. Eliza Newlin Carney, "Don't Count Us Out," National Journal, April 29, 1995, p. 1024.
  75. Davidson, et al., Masters of the House, pp.323.
  76. Legislators, Leaders, and Lawmaking: The U.S. House of Representatives in the Postreform Era
    https://books.google.com/books?id=WgCRY4avb8YC&q=%22Chief+Deputy+Whip%22+1972&pg=PA118
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