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Party divisions of United States Congresses

Updated: Wikipedia source

Party divisions of United States Congresses

Party divisions of United States Congresses have played a central role on the organization and operations of both chambers of the United States Congress—the Senate and the House of Representatives—since its establishment as the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States in 1789. Political parties had not been anticipated when the U . Constitution was drafted in 1787, nor did they exist at the time the first Senate elections and House elections occurred in 1788 and 1789. Organized political parties developed in the U . in the 1790s, but political factions—from which organized parties evolved—began to appear almost immediately after the 1st Congress convened. Those who supported the Washington administration were referred to as "pro-administration" and would eventually form the Federalist Party, while those in opposition joined the emerging Democratic-Republican Party.

Tables

· Party divisions by Congress
Total
Total
Congress
Total
Years
Anti- Admin
Senate
Pro- Admin
Senate
Others
Senate
Vacancies
Senate
Total
Senate
Anti- Admin
Col 8
Pro- Admin
House of Representatives
Others
House of Representatives
Vacancies
1st
1st
Congress
1st
Years
1789–1791
Senate
26
Senate
8
Senate
18
Senate
Senate
Col 8
65
House of Representatives
28
House of Representatives
37
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
2nd
2nd
Congress
2nd
Years
1791–1793
Senate
30
Senate
13
Senate
16
Senate
Senate
1
Col 8
69
House of Representatives
30
House of Representatives
39
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
3rd
3rd
Congress
3rd
Years
1793–1795
Senate
30
Senate
14
Senate
16
Senate
Senate
Col 8
105
House of Representatives
54
House of Representatives
51
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
Congress
Congress
Congress
Congress
Years
Years
Senate
Total
Senate
Democratic- Republicans
Senate
Federalists
Senate
Others
Senate
Vacancies
Col 8
Total
House of Representatives
Democratic- Republicans
House of Representatives
Federalists
House of Representatives
Others
House of Representatives
Vacancies
4th
4th
Congress
4th
Years
1795–1797
Senate
32
Senate
11
Senate
21
Senate
Senate
Col 8
106
House of Representatives
59
House of Representatives
47
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
5th
5th
Congress
5th
Years
1797–1799
Senate
32
Senate
10
Senate
22
Senate
Senate
Col 8
106
House of Representatives
49
House of Representatives
57
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
6th
6th
Congress
6th
Years
1799–1801
Senate
32
Senate
10
Senate
22
Senate
Senate
Col 8
106
House of Representatives
46
House of Representatives
60
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
7th
7th
Congress
7th
Years
1801–1803
Senate
34
Senate
17
Senate
15
Senate
Senate
2
Col 8
107
House of Representatives
68
House of Representatives
38
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
1
8th
8th
Congress
8th
Years
1803–1805
Senate
34
Senate
25
Senate
9
Senate
Senate
Col 8
142
House of Representatives
103
House of Representatives
39
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
9th
9th
Congress
9th
Years
1805–1807
Senate
34
Senate
27
Senate
7
Senate
Senate
Col 8
142
House of Representatives
114
House of Representatives
28
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
10th
10th
Congress
10th
Years
1807–1809
Senate
34
Senate
28
Senate
6
Senate
Senate
Col 8
142
House of Representatives
116
House of Representatives
26
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
11th
11th
Congress
11th
Years
1809–1811
Senate
34
Senate
27
Senate
7
Senate
Senate
Col 8
142
House of Representatives
92
House of Representatives
50
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
12th
12th
Congress
12th
Years
1811–1813
Senate
36
Senate
30
Senate
6
Senate
Senate
Col 8
143
House of Representatives
107
House of Representatives
36
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
13th
13th
Congress
13th
Years
1813–1815
Senate
36
Senate
28
Senate
8
Senate
Senate
Col 8
182
House of Representatives
114
House of Representatives
68
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
14th
14th
Congress
14th
Years
1815–1817
Senate
38
Senate
26
Senate
12
Senate
Senate
Col 8
183
House of Representatives
119
House of Representatives
64
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
15th
15th
Congress
15th
Years
1817–1819
Senate
42
Senate
30
Senate
12
Senate
Senate
Col 8
185
House of Representatives
146
House of Representatives
39
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
16th
16th
Congress
16th
Years
1819–1821
Senate
46
Senate
37
Senate
9
Senate
Senate
Col 8
186
House of Representatives
160
House of Representatives
26
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
17th
17th
Congress
17th
Years
1821–1823
Senate
48
Senate
44
Senate
4
Senate
Senate
Col 8
187
House of Representatives
155
House of Representatives
32
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
18th
18th
Congress
18th
Years
1823–1825
Senate
48
Senate
43
Senate
5
Senate
Senate
Col 8
213
House of Representatives
189
House of Representatives
24
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
Congress
Congress
Congress
Congress
Years
Years
Senate
Total
Senate
Jacksonian
Senate
Anti-Jackson
Senate
Others
Senate
Vacancies
Col 8
Total
House of Representatives
Jacksonian
House of Representatives
Anti-Jackson
House of Representatives
Others
House of Representatives
Vacancies
19th
19th
Congress
19th
Years
1825–1827
Senate
48
Senate
26
Senate
22
Senate
Senate
Col 8
213
House of Representatives
104
House of Representatives
109
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
20th
20th
Congress
20th
Years
1827–1829
Senate
48
Senate
27
Senate
21
Senate
Senate
Col 8
213
House of Representatives
113
House of Representatives
100
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
21st
21st
Congress
21st
Years
1829–1831
Senate
48
Senate
25
Senate
23
Senate
Senate
Col 8
213
House of Representatives
136
House of Representatives
72
House of Representatives
5
House of Representatives
22nd
22nd
Congress
22nd
Years
1831–1833
Senate
48
Senate
24
Senate
22
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
213
House of Representatives
126
House of Representatives
66
House of Representatives
21
House of Representatives
23rd
23rd
Congress
23rd
Years
1833–1835
Senate
48
Senate
20
Senate
26
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
240
House of Representatives
143
House of Representatives
63
House of Representatives
34
House of Representatives
24th
24th
Congress
24th
Years
1835–1837
Senate
52
Senate
26
Senate
24
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
242
House of Representatives
143
House of Representatives
75
House of Representatives
24
House of Representatives
Congress
Congress
Congress
Congress
Years
Years
Senate
Total
Senate
Democrats
Senate
Whigs
Senate
Others
Senate
Vacancies
Col 8
Total
House of Representatives
Democrats
House of Representatives
Whigs
House of Representatives
Others
House of Representatives
Vacancies
25th
25th
Congress
25th
Years
1837–1839
Senate
52
Senate
35
Senate
17
Senate
Senate
Col 8
242
House of Representatives
128
House of Representatives
100
House of Representatives
14
House of Representatives
26th
26th
Congress
26th
Years
1839–1841
Senate
52
Senate
30
Senate
22
Senate
Senate
Col 8
242
House of Representatives
125
House of Representatives
109
House of Representatives
8
House of Representatives
27th
27th
Congress
27th
Years
1841–1843
Senate
52
Senate
22
Senate
29
Senate
Senate
1
Col 8
242
House of Representatives
98
House of Representatives
142
House of Representatives
2
House of Representatives
28th
28th
Congress
28th
Years
1843–1845
Senate
52
Senate
23
Senate
29
Senate
Senate
Col 8
223
House of Representatives
147
House of Representatives
72
House of Representatives
4
House of Representatives
29th
29th
Congress
29th
Years
1845–1847
Senate
58
Senate
34
Senate
22
Senate
Senate
2
Col 8
228
House of Representatives
142
House of Representatives
79
House of Representatives
7
House of Representatives
30th
30th
Congress
30th
Years
1847–1849
Senate
60
Senate
38
Senate
21
Senate
1
Senate
Col 8
230
House of Representatives
110
House of Representatives
116
House of Representatives
4
House of Representatives
31st
31st
Congress
31st
Years
1849–1851
Senate
62
Senate
35
Senate
25
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
233
House of Representatives
113
House of Representatives
108
House of Representatives
11
House of Representatives
1
32nd
32nd
Congress
32nd
Years
1851–1853
Senate
62
Senate
36
Senate
23
Senate
3
Senate
Col 8
233
House of Representatives
127
House of Representatives
85
House of Representatives
21
House of Representatives
33rd
33rd
Congress
33rd
Years
1853–1855
Senate
62
Senate
38
Senate
22
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
234
House of Representatives
157
House of Representatives
71
House of Representatives
6
House of Representatives
Congress
Congress
Congress
Congress
Years
Years
Senate
Total
Senate
Democrats
Senate
Opposition
Senate
Others
Senate
Vacancies
Col 8
Total
House of Representatives
Democrats
House of Representatives
Opposition
House of Representatives
Others
House of Representatives
Vacancies
34th
34th
Congress
34th
Years
1855–1857
Senate
62
Senate
39
Senate
21
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
234
House of Representatives
83
House of Representatives
100
House of Representatives
51
House of Representatives
Congress
Congress
Congress
Congress
Years
Years
Senate
Total
Senate
Democrats
Senate
Republicans
Senate
Others
Senate
Vacancies
Col 8
Total
House of Representatives
Democrats
House of Representatives
Republicans
House of Representatives
Others
House of Representatives
Vacancies
35th
35th
Congress
35th
Years
1857–1859
Senate
64
Senate
39
Senate
20
Senate
5
Senate
Col 8
237
House of Representatives
131
House of Representatives
94
House of Representatives
13
House of Representatives
36th
36th
Congress
36th
Years
1859–1861
Senate
66
Senate
38
Senate
26
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
237
House of Representatives
101
House of Representatives
113
House of Representatives
23
House of Representatives
37th
37th
Congress
37th
Years
1861–1863
Senate
50
Senate
11
Senate
31
Senate
7
Senate
1
Col 8
178
House of Representatives
42
House of Representatives
106
House of Representatives
28
House of Representatives
2
38th
38th
Congress
38th
Years
1863–1865
Senate
51
Senate
12
Senate
29
Senate
Senate
Col 8
183
House of Representatives
80
House of Representatives
103
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
39th
39th
Congress
39th
Years
1865–1867
Senate
52
Senate
10
Senate
42
Senate
Senate
Col 8
191
House of Representatives
46
House of Representatives
145
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
40th
40th
Congress
40th
Years
1867–1869
Senate
53
Senate
11
Senate
42
Senate
Senate
Col 8
193
House of Representatives
49
House of Representatives
143
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
1
41st
41st
Congress
41st
Years
1869–1871
Senate
74
Senate
11
Senate
61
Senate
Senate
2
Col 8
243
House of Representatives
73
House of Representatives
170
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
42nd
42nd
Congress
42nd
Years
1871–1873
Senate
74
Senate
17
Senate
57
Senate
Senate
Col 8
243
House of Representatives
104
House of Representatives
136
House of Representatives
3
House of Representatives
43rd
43rd
Congress
43rd
Years
1873–1875
Senate
74
Senate
19
Senate
54
Senate
Senate
1
Col 8
293
House of Representatives
88
House of Representatives
203
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
2
44th
44th
Congress
44th
Years
1875–1877
Senate
76
Senate
29
Senate
46
Senate
Senate
1
Col 8
293
House of Representatives
181
House of Representatives
107
House of Representatives
3
House of Representatives
2
45th
45th
Congress
45th
Years
1877–1879
Senate
76
Senate
36
Senate
39
Senate
1
Senate
Col 8
293
House of Representatives
156
House of Representatives
137
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
46th
46th
Congress
46th
Years
1879–1881
Senate
76
Senate
43
Senate
33
Senate
Senate
Col 8
293
House of Representatives
150
House of Representatives
128
House of Representatives
14
House of Representatives
1
47th
47th
Congress
47th
Years
1881–1883
Senate
76
Senate
37
Senate
37
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
293
House of Representatives
130
House of Representatives
152
House of Representatives
11
House of Representatives
48th
48th
Congress
48th
Years
1883–1885
Senate
76
Senate
36
Senate
40
Senate
Senate
Col 8
325
House of Representatives
200
House of Representatives
119
House of Representatives
6
House of Representatives
49th
49th
Congress
49th
Years
1885–1887
Senate
76
Senate
34
Senate
41
Senate
Senate
1
Col 8
325
House of Representatives
182
House of Representatives
140
House of Representatives
2
House of Representatives
1
50th
50th
Congress
50th
Years
1887–1889
Senate
76
Senate
37
Senate
39
Senate
Senate
Col 8
325
House of Representatives
170
House of Representatives
151
House of Representatives
4
House of Representatives
51st
51st
Congress
51st
Years
1889–1891
Senate
84
Senate
37
Senate
47
Senate
Senate
Col 8
330
House of Representatives
156
House of Representatives
173
House of Representatives
1
House of Representatives
52nd
52nd
Congress
52nd
Years
1891–1893
Senate
88
Senate
39
Senate
47
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
333
House of Representatives
231
House of Representatives
88
House of Representatives
14
House of Representatives
53rd
53rd
Congress
53rd
Years
1893–1895
Senate
88
Senate
44
Senate
38
Senate
3
Senate
3
Col 8
356
House of Representatives
220
House of Representatives
126
House of Representatives
10
House of Representatives
54th
54th
Congress
54th
Years
1895–1897
Senate
88
Senate
39
Senate
44
Senate
5
Senate
Col 8
357
House of Representatives
104
House of Representatives
246
House of Representatives
7
House of Representatives
55th
55th
Congress
55th
Years
1897–1899
Senate
90
Senate
34
Senate
46
Senate
10
Senate
Col 8
357
House of Representatives
134
House of Representatives
206
House of Representatives
16
House of Representatives
1
56th
56th
Congress
56th
Years
1899–1901
Senate
90
Senate
26
Senate
53
Senate
11
Senate
Col 8
357
House of Representatives
163
House of Representatives
185
House of Representatives
9
House of Representatives
57th
57th
Congress
57th
Years
1901–1903
Senate
90
Senate
29
Senate
56
Senate
3
Senate
2
Col 8
357
House of Representatives
153
House of Representatives
198
House of Representatives
5
House of Representatives
1
58th
58th
Congress
58th
Years
1903–1905
Senate
90
Senate
32
Senate
58
Senate
Senate
Col 8
386
House of Representatives
178
House of Representatives
207
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
1
59th
59th
Congress
59th
Years
1905–1907
Senate
90
Senate
32
Senate
58
Senate
Senate
Col 8
386
House of Representatives
136
House of Representatives
250
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
60th
60th
Congress
60th
Years
1907–1909
Senate
92
Senate
29
Senate
61
Senate
Senate
2
Col 8
386
House of Representatives
164
House of Representatives
222
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
61st
61st
Congress
61st
Years
1909–1911
Senate
92
Senate
32
Senate
59
Senate
Senate
1
Col 8
391
House of Representatives
172
House of Representatives
219
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
62nd
62nd
Congress
62nd
Years
1911–1913
Senate
92
Senate
42
Senate
49
Senate
Senate
1
Col 8
391
House of Representatives
228
House of Representatives
162
House of Representatives
1
House of Representatives
63rd
63rd
Congress
63rd
Years
1913–1915
Senate
96
Senate
51
Senate
44
Senate
1
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
290
House of Representatives
127
House of Representatives
18
House of Representatives
64th
64th
Congress
64th
Years
1915–1917
Senate
96
Senate
56
Senate
39
Senate
1
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
231
House of Representatives
193
House of Representatives
8
House of Representatives
3
65th
65th
Congress
65th
Years
1917–1919
Senate
96
Senate
53
Senate
42
Senate
1
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
210
House of Representatives
216
House of Representatives
9
House of Representatives
66th
66th
Congress
66th
Years
1919–1921
Senate
96
Senate
47
Senate
49
Senate
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
191
House of Representatives
237
House of Representatives
7
House of Representatives
67th
67th
Congress
67th
Years
1921–1923
Senate
96
Senate
37
Senate
59
Senate
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
132
House of Representatives
300
House of Representatives
1
House of Representatives
2
68th
68th
Congress
68th
Years
1923–1925
Senate
96
Senate
43
Senate
51
Senate
2
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
207
House of Representatives
225
House of Representatives
3
House of Representatives
69th
69th
Congress
69th
Years
1925–1927
Senate
96
Senate
40
Senate
54
Senate
1
Senate
1
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
183
House of Representatives
247
House of Representatives
5
House of Representatives
70th
70th
Congress
70th
Years
1927–1929
Senate
96
Senate
47
Senate
48
Senate
1
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
195
House of Representatives
237
House of Representatives
3
House of Representatives
71st
71st
Congress
71st
Years
1929–1931
Senate
96
Senate
39
Senate
56
Senate
1
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
163
House of Representatives
267
House of Representatives
1
House of Representatives
4
72nd
72nd
Congress
72nd
Years
1931–1933
Senate
96
Senate
47
Senate
48
Senate
1
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
217
House of Representatives
217
House of Representatives
1
House of Representatives
73rd
73rd
Congress
73rd
Years
1933–1935
Senate
96
Senate
59
Senate
36
Senate
1
Senate
Col 8
435
House of Representatives
313
House of Representatives
117
House of Representatives
5
House of Representatives
Congress
Years
Senate
House of Representatives
President
Trifecta
Total
Anti- Admin
Pro- Admin
Others
Vacancies
Total
Anti- Admin
Pro- Admin
Others
Vacancies
1st
1789–1791
26
8
18
65
28
37
2nd
1791–1793
30
13
16
1
69
30
39
3rd
1793–1795
30
14
16
105
54
51
Congress
Years
Total
Democratic- Republicans
Federalists
Others
Vacancies
Total
Democratic- Republicans
Federalists
Others
Vacancies
4th
1795–1797
32
11
21
106
59
47
5th
1797–1799
32
10
22
106
49
57
6th
1799–1801
32
10
22
106
46
60
7th
1801–1803
34
17
15
2
107
68
38
1
8th
1803–1805
34
25
9
142
103
39
9th
1805–1807
34
27
7
142
114
28
10th
1807–1809
34
28
6
142
116
26
11th
1809–1811
34
27
7
142
92
50
12th
1811–1813
36
30
6
143
107
36
13th
1813–1815
36
28
8
182
114
68
14th
1815–1817
38
26
12
183
119
64
15th
1817–1819
42
30
12
185
146
39
16th
1819–1821
46
37
9
186
160
26
17th
1821–1823
48
44
4
187
155
32
18th
1823–1825
48
43
5
213
189
24
Congress
Years
Total
Jacksonian
Anti-Jackson
Others
Vacancies
Total
Jacksonian
Anti-Jackson
Others
Vacancies
19th
1825–1827
48
26
22
213
104
109
20th
1827–1829
48
27
21
213
113
100
21st
1829–1831
48
25
23
213
136
72
5
22nd
1831–1833
48
24
22
2
213
126
66
21
23rd
1833–1835
48
20
26
2
240
143
63
34
24th
1835–1837
52
26
24
2
242
143
75
24
Congress
Years
Total
Democrats
Whigs
Others
Vacancies
Total
Democrats
Whigs
Others
Vacancies
25th
1837–1839
52
35
17
242
128
100
14
26th
1839–1841
52
30
22
242
125
109
8
27th
1841–1843
52
22
29
1
242
98
142
2
28th
1843–1845
52
23
29
223
147
72
4
29th
1845–1847
58
34
22
2
228
142
79
7
30th
1847–1849
60
38
21
1
230
110
116
4
31st
1849–1851
62
35
25
2
233
113
108
11
1
32nd
1851–1853
62
36
23
3
233
127
85
21
33rd
1853–1855
62
38
22
2
234
157
71
6
Congress
Years
Total
Democrats
Opposition
Others
Vacancies
Total
Democrats
Opposition
Others
Vacancies
34th
1855–1857
62
39
21
2
234
83
100
51
Congress
Years
Total
Democrats
Republicans
Others
Vacancies
Total
Democrats
Republicans
Others
Vacancies
35th
1857–1859
64
39
20
5
237
131
94
13
36th
1859–1861
66
38
26
2
237
101
113
23
37th
1861–1863
50
11
31
7
1
178
42
106
28
2
38th
1863–1865
51
12
29
183
80
103
39th
1865–1867
52
10
42
191
46
145
40th
1867–1869
53
11
42
193
49
143
1
41st
1869–1871
74
11
61
2
243
73
170
42nd
1871–1873
74
17
57
243
104
136
3
43rd
1873–1875
74
19
54
1
293
88
203
2
· Partisan control of Congress
Democratic
Democratic
Party
Democratic
Senate
51
House
59
Presidency
45
Trifecta
30
Republican
Republican
Party
Republican
Senate
43
House
36
Presidency
46
Trifecta
22
Democratic- Republican
Democratic- Republican
Party
Democratic- Republican
Senate
12
House
13
Presidency
14
Trifecta
12
Federalist
Federalist
Party
Federalist
Senate
3
House
2
Presidency
2
Trifecta
2
Pro- Administration
Pro- Administration
Party
Pro- Administration
Senate
3
House
2
Presidency
0
Trifecta
2
Whig
Whig
Party
Whig
Senate
2
House
2
Presidency
2
Trifecta
0
National Republican
National Republican
Party
National Republican
Senate
1
House
1
Presidency
0
Trifecta
0
Anti- Administration
Anti- Administration
Party
Anti- Administration
Senate
0
House
1
Presidency
0
Trifecta
0
Opposition
Opposition
Party
Opposition
Senate
0
House
1
Presidency
0
Trifecta
0
National Union
National Union
Party
National Union
Senate
0
House
0
Presidency
2
Trifecta
0
Split control
Split control
Party
Split control
Senate
2
House
0
Presidency
1
Trifecta
49
Independent
Independent
Party
Independent
Senate
0
House
0
Presidency
5
Trifecta
-
Party
Senate
House
Presidency
Trifecta
Democratic
51
59
45
30
Republican
43
36
46
22
Democratic- Republican
12
13
14
12
Federalist
3
2
2
2
Pro- Administration
3
2
0
2
Whig
2
2
2
0
National Republican
1
1
0
0
Anti- Administration
0
1
0
0
Opposition
0
1
0
0
National Union
0
0
2
0
Split control
2
0
1
49
Independent
0
0
5
-

References

  1. U . Senate: Party Divisions
    https://www.senate.gov/history/partydiv.htm
  2. The Anti-Administration Party was not a formal political party but rather a faction opposed to the policies of Treasury
  3. The Pro-Administration Party was not a formal political party but rather a faction supportive of the policies of Treasur
  4. Though Washington never formally joined a party, he was broadly sympathetic to what was later called the “Pro-Administra
  5. Washington disapproved of formal political parties and refused to join either party, though he became a symbol of the Fe
  6. Congressional Record
    https://www.congress.gov/senate-journal/congress-7-special-1.pdf
  7. The Democratic-Republican Party broke up into two competing parties during the 1820s, but there is no official date of d
  8. Adams won election as a Democratic-Republican, but he sought re-election as a National Republican.
  9. Jacksonian control of the Senate was through plurality.
  10. Jackson had a trifecta through a Senate that was controlled by plurality.
  11. In the first congressional session the Senate remained under control of “National Republicans” for one year; before the
  12. Jackson did not have a trifecta during the first congressional session when the Senate remained under control of “Nation
  13. Whig president William Henry Harrison died April 4, 1841, one month into his term, and was succeeded by John Tyler, who
  14. Whigs held their only trifecta from March 4, 1841, until later that year when the Whigs expelled Tyler from the party on
  15. Whigs controlled the House through a plurality in the 2nd half of the 1st congressional session; for the remainder of th
  16. The Democrats held the House through a plurality.
  17. President Taylor died July 9, 1850, about one year and four months into the term, and was succeeded by Millard Fillmore,
  18. The "Opposition Party" was the congressional coalition formed by former Whigs and members of the nascent Republican Part
  19. The Republicans controlled the House through a coalition with other Opposition parties.
  20. President Lincoln was assassinated and died April 15, 1865, about a month after beginning his second term as president.
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