Parliament of Singapore

References

1. 131,820 of the 2,758,846 voters were registered in uncontested constituencies, leaving 2,627,026 voters able to vote.
2. The Straits Times
   https://web.archive.org/web/20160416151905/http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/presidents-address-to-parliament-singaporeans-must-move-together-to-create-next-chapter
3. CNA
   https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/janil-puthucheary-reappointed-as-pap-party-whip-sim-ann-deputy-13034486
4. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
5. See the Fort Marlborough in India Act 1802 (42 Geo. 3. c. 29) (UK).
6. By the Transfer of Singapore to East India Company, etc. Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 108) (UK).
7. By virtue of the Government of India Act 1800 (39 & 40 Geo. 3. c. 79) (UK).
8. Exercising power given to them by the Indian Salaries and Pensions Act 1825 (6 Geo. 4. c. 85) (UK).
9. A History of Singapore 1819–1988
10. East India Company Act 1813 (53 Geo. 3. c. 155) (UK), also known as the Charter Act 1813.
11. Essays in Singapore Legal History
12. Government of India Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 85) (UK), also known as the Charter Act 1833.
13. By the Straits Settlements Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. 115) (UK)
14. Tan, pp. 35–37.
15. Tan, pp. 37 and 40; Turnbull, p. 78.
16. By the Straits Settlements (Repeal) Act 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. 6. c. 37) and the Singapore Order in Council 1946, S. R. & O.,
17. Singapore Colony (Amendment) Order in Council 1948 (SI 1948/341) (UK), dated 24 February 1948.
18. Tan, pp. 43–44.
19. By Order in Council dated 21 December 1950 (S.I. 1950 No. 2099) (UK).
20. By the Singapore Colony Order in Council 1955, S.I. 1955, No. 187 (UK).
21. Political Development in Singapore, 1945–55
22. Tan, pp. 44–46.
23. Singapore (Constitution) Order in Council 1958 (S.I. 1958 No. 156) (UK).
24. Singapore (Constitution) Order in Council 1958 (UK), Arts. 21 and 34.
25. Tan, pp. 47–48.
26. Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore (State Constitutions) Order in Council 1963 (S.I. 1963 No. 1493) (UK), as published in the
27. Constitution and Malaysia (Singapore Amendment) Act 1965 (No. 53 of 1965) (Malaysia), ss. 4 and 5.
28. Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965 Archived 7 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine (No. 9 of 1965) (1985 Rev. Ed.
    http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-RSI
29. Tan, pp. 48–52.
30. Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1999 Reprint), Art. 39(1)(b).
    https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CONS1963
31. Constitution, Art. 39(1)(c).
32. The Straits Times
    https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/pap-wins-83-of-93-seats-wp-takes-two-grcs
33. PEA, s. 52.
34. CNA
    https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ge2020-psp-hazel-poa-leong-mun-wai-ncmp-seats-12930876
35. TODAY
    https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/explainer-there-potential-conflict-interest-when-mps-hold-full-time-private-sector-jobs-and-what-are-safeguards-2101111
36. Parliamentary Elections (Electoral Divisions — Names and Boundaries) Notification 2020 ([{{{archiverurl}}} No. 158 of 2
    https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/PEA1954-S158-2020?DocDate=20200313
37. Types of electoral divisions
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090317102032/http://www.elections.gov.sg/elections_type_electoral.html
38. PEA, s. 8(1).
39. PEA, s. 8A(1).
40. Constitution, Art. 39A(2)(c).
41. Constitution, Art. 39A(2)(a).
42. PEA, ss. 8A(1)(a) and (b).
43. PEA, s. 8A(1A).
44. PEA, s. 8A(2).
45. PEA, s. 22.
46. Constitution, Art. 39A(1)(a).
47. See, for instance, the PEA, s. 49(7E)(a): "[...] the Returning Officer shall declare the candidate or (as the case may b
48. Constitution, Art. 47.
49. 2020 Parliamentary General Election Results
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200712012306/https://www.eld.gov.sg/finalresults2020.html
50. The Straits Times
    https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/pm-lee-hsien-loong-proposes-changes-to-ncmp-grc-and-elected-presidency-schemes-8-things
51. Parliament of Singapore
    https://www.parliament.gov.sg/parliamentary-business/glossary/Details/nominated-member-of-parliament-(nmp)/Nominated%20Member%20of%20Parliament%20(NMP)
52. Constitution, Art. 39(2).
53. The Constitution, Art. 68, defines a Money Bill as "a Bill which contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the
54. The Legal System of Singapore
55. The Straits Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200705180147/https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/ncmps-to-get-equal-voting-rights-as-mps-number-of-opposition-mps-to-go-up-to-12-from-9-from
56. PEA, s. 52(3A).
57. PEA, s. 52(2).
58. PEA, s. 52(3B).
59. www.instagram.com
    https://www.instagram.com/p/DJ1JMacNaqL/?igsh=MXZ3bWM2MDVxZGIzZQ==
60. Constitution, Art. 39(1)(c); Chan, The Legal System of Singapore, p. 32.
61. Goh Chok Tong (First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defence), speech during the Second Reading of the Constituti
    http://www.parliament.gov.sg/reports/private/hansard/title/19891129/19891129_S0003_T0003.htm
62. Constitution, 4th Sch., para. 1(1), prior to amendment.
63. The change was effected by the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2010 ([{{{archiverurl}}} No. 9
    http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;ident=26425411-6e5c-44f0-b8d3-5c879a32892a;page=0;query=DocId%3Ab44d4bd4-58c6-4305-bf39-828e17499a26%20Depth%3A0%20ValidTime%3A02%2F07%2F2010%20TransactionTime%3A02%2F07%2F2010%20Status%3Apublished;rec=0
64. The Straits Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110622001359/http://www.todayonline.com/Hotnews/EDC100427-0000114/Constitution-debate-draws-lively-exchange
65. Today
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100501001453/http://www.todayonline.com/hotnews/EDC100427-0000113/NMPs-now-permanent-feature
66. Constitution, 4th Sch., paras. 1(3) and 2(1).
67. Constitution, 4th Sch., para. 3(1).
68. Constitution, 4th Sch., para. 3(2).
69. Constitution, 4th Sch., para. 1(4).
70. The Straits Times
71. Constitution, Art. 44(2).
72. Constitution, Art. 45(1).
73. If the conviction is by a court of law in Malaysia, the person shall not be disqualified unless the offence is also one
74. For this purpose, Commonwealth countries and the Republic of Ireland are not considered as "foreign countries": Constitu
75. Constitution, Arts. 45(1)(d) and (e).
76. Constitution, Art. 45(2).
77. Constitution, Art. 45(1)(a), (b), (e) or (g).
78. Constitution, Art. 46(4).
79. Constitution, Art. 46(5). Notwithstanding that provision, where on the determination of an appeal the MP continues to be
80. Constitution, Art. 46(7).
81. Constitution, Art. 46(8)(b).
82. Constitution, Arts. 46(1) and (2).
83. Constitution, Arts. 46(2A) and (2B).
84. Constitution, Art. 46(3).
85. Constitution, Art. 50(1).
86. Constitution, Arts. 46(2)(a) and (e).
87. Constitution, Art. 48. However, Parliament may postpone a decision to allow for the taking or determination of any legal
88. However, in Jeyaretnam's appeal against being struck off the roll of advocates and solicitors, the Privy Council recorde
89. Jeyaretnam J.B. v. Attorney-General.
90. The Constitution, Art. 67, states that "[t]he Legislature may by law make provision for the remuneration of Members of P
91. The latter two components are paid pursuant to the Public Service (Monthly Variable Component and Non-pensionable Annual
    https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/259A
92. Teo Chee Hean (Minister for Defence), "Civil Service Salary Revisions (Statement by the Minister for Defence)", Singapor
    http://www.parliament.gov.sg/reports/public/hansard/title/20070409/20070409_S0005_T0001.html
93. Annexes to Ministerial Statement on Civil Service Salary Revisions
    https://www.webcitation.org/5leMMsdlh?url=http://www.parliament.gov.sg/reports/public/hansard//appendices/20070409/Annex%201-3%20%26%20factsheet.pdf
94. Administrative Officers, Political, Judicial and Statutory Appointment Holders to get 4% to 21% pay increase
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090205235655/http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/Press%20release%20-%2013%20Dec%2007.pdf
95. What do MPs spend their allowances on?
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214430/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120107-320436.html
96. Parliamentary Pensions Act (Cap. 219, 1996 Rev. Ed.) ("PPA"), s. 3.
    https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PPA1978
97. PPA, s. 13.
98. Constitution, Art. 54.
99. Speaker of Parliament
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080508022138/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Org-Speaker.htm
100. Constitution, Art. 40(1).
101. Constitution, Art. 40(2).
102. Constitution, Art. 41.
103. Constitution, Art. 42(1).
104. Constitution, Art. 42(2)(a).
105. Constitution, Art. 42(2)(c).
106. Constitution, Art. 43.
107. Channel NewsAsia
     https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/speaker-parliament-seah-kian-peng-nmps-swearing-3671166
108. Leader of the House
     https://web.archive.org/web/20170625153321/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/leader-house
109. www.parliament.gov.sg
     https://www.parliament.gov.sg/about-us/structure/leader-of-the-house
110. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030809/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryL.htm
111. The Straits Times
112. 1991 Parliamentary General Election results
     https://web.archive.org/web/20091209073340/http://www.elections.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1991.html
113. Wong Kan Seng (Leader of the House), "Election of Speaker (Tribute)", Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (
     http://www.parliament.gov.sg/reports/private/hansard/title/19920106/19920106_S0007_T0021.htm
114. See, for instances, the references to him as such during Parliamentary debates on the imposition of the death penalty on
115. Lee Hsien Loong (Prime Minister), "President's Address: Debate on the Address (Fourth Allotted Day)", Singapore Parliame
     http://www.parliament.gov.sg/reports/public/hansard/title/20061113/20061113_S0005_T0001.html
116. The Straits Times
     https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/pm-lee-pap-will-designate-pritam-as-opposition-leader-urges-all-sporeans-to-put-aside
117. Party Whip
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080122000316/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Org-PartyWhip.htm
118. Today (Singapore newspaper)
     https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/explainer-what-does-whip-do-when-has-it-been-lifted-and-which-countries-have-it
119. Human Organ Transplant Act (Cap. 131A, 2005 Rev. Ed.).
     https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HOTA1987
120. Singapore allows financial payment to organ donors
     https://web.archive.org/web/20100410122529/http://www.asiaone.com/Health/News/Story/A1Story20090325-130932.html
121. Select Committees of Parliament
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080508021014/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Committees.htm
122. Constitution, Art. 39(1)(c) and the 4th Sch., paras. 1(1)–(3).
123. S.O. 99.
124. S.O. 106(2).
125. Committee of Selection
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080508023321/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Committees-Selection.htm
126. Committee of Privileges
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080418045248/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Committees-priv.htm
127. The Constitution, Art. 147(2), sets out certain things that the estimates of expenditure must show.
128. Estimates Committee
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080508015847/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Committees-esti.htm
129. House Committee
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080418042253/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Committees-hse.htm
130. Public Accounts Committee
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080508014204/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Committees-acc.htm
131. Public Petitions Committee
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713041206/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Committees-pett.htm
132. Standing Orders Committee
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080508023155/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Committees-so.htm
133. The Singapore Legal System
134. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030745/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryG.htm
135. Parliamentary Committees: Enhancing Democratic Governance: A Report of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Study Group on Parliamentary Committees and Committee Systems
136. "GPC"
     https://www.pap.org.sg/whos-who/gpc/
137. Parliament Secretariat
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080508015014/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Org-PS.htm
138. www.asgp.co
     http://www.asgp.co/member-detail/2575
139. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030736/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryC.htm
140. Constitution, Art. 51(2).
141. Constitution, Art. 51(4).
142. Constitution, Art. 51(5).
143. Standing Orders of Parliament (as amended on 19 October 2004)
     https://web.archive.org/web/20100509010912/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/SO-merge%20with%20SO%20notes.pdf
144. S.O. 59(1), (3) and (4).
145. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030722/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryS.htm
146. Constitution, Art. 38.
147. Public Prosecutor v. Taw Cheng Kong [1998] 2 S.L.R.(R.) 489 at pp. 499–500, para. 27, Court of Appeal, archived from the
     https://web.archive.org/web/20090413014255/http://www.singaporelaw.sg/rss/judg/8595.html
148. Constitution, Art. 58(1).
149. Constitution, Art. 62.
150. Constitution, Art. 58(2).
151. Roman Catholic Archbishop Act (Cap. 375, 1985 Rev. Ed.).
     https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RCAA1975
152. The Straits Times
153. Maintenance of Parents Act (Cap. 167B, 1996 Rev. Ed.).
     https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MPA1995
154. The Straits Times
155. A Feminist Critique of Domestic Violence Laws in Singapore and Malaysia [Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series No. 6]
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080522130950/http://www.ari.nus.edu.sg/docs/wps/wps03_006.pdf
156. S.O. 67(2) and (3), 69(4) and (6).
157. S.O. 70(2) and (3).
158. S.O. 1(1) (definition of "Committee of the whole Parliament").
159. S.O. 71 and 72.
160. S.O. 77.
161. S.O. 68(1).
162. S.O. 81.
163. Constitution, Art. 57(1). If the MPs' votes are equally divided, the motion is lost: Art. 57(1). If the Speaker of Parli
164. Constitution, Art. 5(2).
165. S.O. 86.
166. Constitution, Arts. 68 and 77.
167. Constitution, Art. 78.
168. Constitution, Art. 78(6)(c).
169. Constitution, Art. 78(7).
170. The term Money Bill is defined in the Constitution, Art. 68. A bill is deemed to be a Money Bill if the Speaker certifie
171. Constitution, Arts. 21(1) and (2).
172. Constitution, Art. 60.
173. Constitution, Art. 21(2)(c).
174. Constitution, Art. 5A. This provision, which has yet to be brought into operation, does not apply to bills seeking to am
175. Constitution, Art. 22H.
176. Constitution, Art. 22E.
177. Constitution, Art. 144(2).
178. Constitution, Art. 148A. In forming his or her opinion, the President is to disregard any amount for any service or purp
179. Constitution, Arts. 5A(2)–(6).
180. Constitution, Arts. 22H(2)–(4).
181. Constitution, Art. 148D(1).
182. Upon an expenditure-authorizing resolution being passed, the Minister for Finance must introduce in Parliament a Supply
183. Constitution, Art. 148A(2).
184. The total amount appropriated for any service or purpose in any financial year is to be ascertained by adding the sums a
185. Constitution, Art. 148A(5).
186. Interpretation Act (Cap. 1, 2002 Rev. Ed.), s. 10(1).
     https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IA1965
187. Constitution, Art. 145.
188. Established by the Development Fund Act (Cap. 80, 1995 Rev. Ed.) ("DFA").
     https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DFA1959
189. DFA, s. 3.
190. DFA, sch., para. 1.
191. DFA, sch., para. 2.
192. DFA, sch., para. 3.
193. DFA, sch., para. 7. Statutory corporation is defined in the Financial Procedure Act (Cap. 109, 1992 Rev. Ed.), s. 7A(5),
     https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FPA1966
194. Constitution, Arts. 146(1)(b) and (4)(b).
195. Financial control
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080508023200/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Func-FC.htm
196. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030638/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryB.htm
197. S.O. 89(1). Where there is a reference to a number of clear days between two events, in calculating the number of days t
198. S.O. 89(3).
199. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070610013334/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryC.htm
200. S.O. 92(4).
201. The S.O. 92(2), provides that seven days are allotted for discussion of the estimates, but that the Speaker may increase
202. Constitution, Art. 148(2).
203. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030722/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryS.htm
204. S.O. 19.
205. The Singapore Legal System
206. S.O. 20.
207. S.O. 20(3).
208. S.O. 21(1)(c).
209. S.O. 21(1)(d).
210. S.O. 21(1)(i).
211. Critical/Inquisitorial
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080418051142/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Func-critical.htm
212. S.O. 22(7).
213. Constitution, Art. 52.
214. S.O. 110.
215. S.O. 1(1) (definition of session).
216. Constitution, Art. 64(1).
217. Sessions of Parliament
     https://web.archive.org/web/20100204061730/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/Sessions.htm
218. S.O. 15(1).
219. Constitution, Art. 65(1).
220. S.O. 1(1): "'Session' means the sittings of Parliament ... terminating when Parliament is prorogued ...".
221. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030546/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryR.htm
222. "Parliament goes on mid-term break, to resume on April 10 with President's Address"
     https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/parliament-goes-on-mid-term-break-to-resume-on-april-10-with-president-s-address
223. S.O. 1(1): "'Session' means the sittings of Parliament ... terminating when Parliament is ... dissolved without having b
224. Constitution, Art. 65(4).
225. Constitution, Art. 65(2).
226. Constitution, Art. 65(3).
227. Constitution, Art. 65(3A).
228. Constitution, Art. 66.
229. Art. 26 of the Constitution does not list the dissolution of Parliament as a ground on which the Prime Minister and Mini
230. S.O. 2(3)(a).
231. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030657/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryM.htm
232. Sir George Oehlers (Speaker), "Mace of the Legislative Assembly", Colony of Singapore, Legislative Assembly Debates, Off
233. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030537/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryT.htm
234. Constitution, Art. 56; S.O. 6.
235. Chamber Seating Plan
     https://web.archive.org/web/20160107064254/https://www.parliament.gov.sg/chamber-seating-plan
236. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030449/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryF.htm
237. Constitution, Arts. 53 and 153A(1), S.O. 47. Malay is also Singapore's national language: Art. 153A(2).
238. Language Service Department
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080508014240/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/AboutUs/PSec-lsd.htm
239. S.O. 10(h)–(u).
240. S.O. 40(8)(b).
241. S.O. 48(1) and (2).
242. S.O. 40(8)(a).
243. S.O. 40(3) and (4).
244. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030611/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryD.htm
245. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030736/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryC.htm
246. S.O. 50(5).
247. Wong Kan Seng (Leader of the House), "Amendment of Standing Orders (Paper Parl. 4 of 1988)", Singapore Parliamentary Deb
     https://sprs.parl.gov.sg/search/topic.jsp?currentTopicID=00061227-ZZ
248. S.O. 50(1) and (4).
249. S.O. 50(6) and (10).
250. Constitution, Arts. 22L(3)–(7) and 99; S.O. 50(8) and (9).
251. S.O. 50(2).
252. S.O. 54.
253. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030647/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryP.htm
254. S.O. 62.
255. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070610013334/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryC.htm
256. S.O. 23.
257. S.O. 2(4)(a), 2(5)(a)–(c).
258. S.O. 2(8)(a), (b) and (d).
259. S.O. 24.
260. The Online Citizen
     https://web.archive.org/web/20190926044452/https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2017/03/07/things-that-mos-chee-hong-tat-got-wrong-about-parliamentary-videos/
261. Constitution, Art. 63.
262. The Legislative Assembly (Privileges, Immunities and Powers) Ordinance 1962 (No. 11 of 1962), which was passed on 14 Mar
263. Parliament (Privileges, Immunities and Powers) Act (Cap. 217, 2000 Rev. Ed.) ("PPIP Act").
     https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PPIPA1962
264. PPIP Act, ss. 3(1) and (2).
265. For example, commissions and committees of inquiry appointed under the Inquiry Act (Cap. 139A, 2008 Rev. Ed.).
     https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IA2007
266. PPIP Act, s. 5.
267. PPIP Act, s. 6(1).
268. PPIP Act, s. 9(1)(a). The immunity extends to Parliamentary officers. A certificate signed by the Speaker or a committee
269. PPIP Act, s. 9(1)(b). The immunity extends to Parliamentary officers.
270. PPIP Act, s. 10.
271. PPIP Act, s. 11.
272. PPIP Act, s. 6(2).
273. Times Publishing Bhd. v. Sivadas [1988] S.L.R. 599, High Court.
274. PPIP Act, s. 7.
275. PPIP Act, s. 8.
276. PPIP Act, s. 20(1).
277. See also PPIP Act, s. 19, which gives Parliament the power to suspend an MP from the service of Parliament in accordance
278. First Report of the Committee of Privileges: Complaints of Allegations of Executive Interference in the Judiciary: Presented to Parliament 21st January, 1987 [Parl. 3 of 1987]
279. Jeyaretnam J.B. v. Attorney-General [1988] S.L.R. 170 at pp. 174–175, para. 4, Court of Appeal.
280. Jeyaretnam J.B. v. Attorney-General [1987] S.L.R. 428, High Court; Jeyaretnam J.B. v. Attorney-General, Court of Appeal.
281. The relevant privileges and immunities are those conferred by ss. 3, 5 and 6 of the Act: PPIP Act, s. 20(2).
282. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030722/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryS.htm
283. PPIP Act, s. 18.
284. PPIP Act, s. 20(4).
285. Parliamentary glossary
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030638/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Publications/glossaryB.htm
286. PPIP Act, s. 12. The power may also be exercised by any committee duly authorized by the Standing Orders or by a resolut
287. PPIP Act, s. 14. The power may be exercised by a committee.
288. Singapore Elections
     https://sg-elections.com/by-election/1966-1/
289. The Singapore Parliament: The House We Built
290. Tan, Singapore Parliament, pp. 18, 23, 66–71.
291. About the Arts House
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080601092325/http://www.theartshouse.com.sg/about.html