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Palestine

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Palestine

Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. It encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, collectively known as the Palestinian territories. The territories share the vast majority of their borders with Israel, with the West Bank bordering Jordan to the east and the Gaza Strip bordering Egypt to the southwest. It has a total land area of 6,020 square kilometres (2,320 sq mi) while its population exceeds five million. Its proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, while Ramallah serves as its de facto administrative center. Gaza was its largest city prior to evacuations in 2023. Situated at a continental crossroad, the Palestine region was ruled by various empires and experienced various demographic changes from antiquity to the modern era. It was treading ground for the Nile and Mesopotamian armies and merchants from North Africa, China and India. The region has religious significance. The ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict dates back to the rise of the Zionist movement, supported by the United Kingdom during World War I. The war saw Britain occupying Palestine from the Ottoman Empire, where it set up Mandatory Palestine under the auspices of the League of Nations. Increased Jewish immigration led to intercommunal conflict between Jews and Palestinian Arabs, which escalated into a civil war in 1947 after a proposed partitioning by the United Nations was rejected by the Palestinians and other Arab nations. The 1948 Palestine war saw the forcible displacement of a majority of the Arab population, and consequently the establishment of Israel; these events are referred to by Palestinians as the Nakba ('catastrophe'). In the Six-Day War in 1967, Israel occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, which had been held by Jordan and Egypt respectively. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) declared independence in 1988. In 1993, the PLO signed the Oslo Accords with Israel, creating limited PLO governance in the West Bank and Gaza Strip through the Palestinian Authority (PA). Israel withdrew from Gaza in its unilateral disengagement in 2005, but the territory is still considered to be under military occupation and has been blockaded by Israel. In 2007, internal divisions between political factions led to a takeover of Gaza by Hamas. Since then, the West Bank has been governed in part by the Fatah-led PA, while the Gaza Strip has remained under the control of Hamas. Israel has constructed large settlements in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem since 1967, which currently house more than 670,000 Israeli settlers, which are illegal under international law. In 2023, Hamas launched the October 7 attacks against Israel, citing Israel's blockade of Gaza, Israeli occupation, and violence against Palestinians. In response, Israel launched a military campaign in Gaza, which has caused large-scale loss of life, mass population displacement, a humanitarian crisis, and an ongoing famine in the Gaza Strip. Israel has committed genocide against the Palestinian people during its ongoing invasion and bombing of the Gaza Strip. Palestine is permanent non-member observer state at the United Nations (UN) and is recognized as a sovereign state by 157 of the UN's 193 member states. The questions of Palestine's borders, legal and diplomatic status of Jerusalem, and the right of return of Palestinian refugees remain unsolved. Some of the other challenges to Palestine include restrictions on movement, ineffective government and Israeli settlements and settler violence, as well as an overall poor security situation. Despite these challenges, the country maintains an emerging economy and sees frequent tourism. Arabic is the official language of the country. While the majority of Palestinians practice Islam, Christianity also has a presence. Palestine is also a member of several international organizations, including the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, UNESCO, and a delegation of parliamentarians sit at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

Infobox

Status
UN observer state[a] under Israeli occupationRecognized by 157 UN member states
mw- CapitalAdministrativecenter
Jerusalem (limited recognition)[b]Ramallah
Largest city
Gaza (before 2023), currently in flux
Official languages
Arabic
Ethnic groups (2007)
91.2% Palestinian Arabs8.8% Israeli Jews[c]
Religion (2020)
mw- li 80.73% Islam (official) 71.21% Sunni 0.09% Shia 9.42% other 13.07% Judaism[d] 0.88% Christianity 0.05% Baha'i Faith 5.27% irreligion
Demonym
Palestinian
Government
Unitary provisional semi-presidential republic
• President
Mahmoud Abbas[e]
• Vice President
Hussein al-Sheikh
• Prime Minister
Mohammad Mustafa
• Speaker of the Parliament
Aziz Dweik
Legislature
Legislative Council
• Declaration of Independence
15 November 1988
• Sovereignty dispute with Israel
Ongoing[f]
• Total
$18.109 billion (121st)
• Water (%)
3.5
• West Bank
5,655 km2
• Gaza Strip
365 km2
• 2023 estimate
5,483,450 (121st)
• Density
731/km2 (1,893.3/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
2023 estimate
• Per capita
$3,464 (131st)
GDP (nominal)
2023 estimate
Gini (2016)
33.7 } }medium inequality
HDI (2023)
0.674medium (133rd)
Currency
Israeli new shekelJordanian dinarEgyptian pound
Time zone
UTC 2 (Palestine Standard Time)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 3 (Palestine Summer Time)
Calling code
970
ISO 3166 code
PS
Internet TLD
ps

Tables

· Government and politics › Administrative divisions
Jenin
Jenin
Name
Jenin
Area (km2)
583
Population
311,231
Density (per km2)
533.8
Muhafazah (district capital)
Jenin
Tubas
Tubas
Name
Tubas
Area (km2)
402
Population
64,719
Density (per km2)
161.0
Muhafazah (district capital)
Tubas
Tulkarm
Tulkarm
Name
Tulkarm
Area (km2)
246
Population
182,053
Density (per km2)
740.0
Muhafazah (district capital)
Tulkarm
Nablus
Nablus
Name
Nablus
Area (km2)
605
Population
380,961
Density (per km2)
629.7
Muhafazah (district capital)
Nablus
Qalqiliya
Qalqiliya
Name
Qalqiliya
Area (km2)
166
Population
110,800
Density (per km2)
667.5
Muhafazah (district capital)
Qalqilya
Salfit
Salfit
Name
Salfit
Area (km2)
204
Population
70,727
Density (per km2)
346.7
Muhafazah (district capital)
Salfit
Ramallah & Al-Bireh
Ramallah & Al-Bireh
Name
Ramallah & Al-Bireh
Area (km2)
855
Population
348,110
Density (per km2)
407.1
Muhafazah (district capital)
Ramallah
Jericho & Al Aghwar
Jericho & Al Aghwar
Name
Jericho & Al Aghwar
Area (km2)
593
Population
52,154
Density (per km2)
87.9
Muhafazah (district capital)
Jericho
Jerusalem
Jerusalem
Name
Jerusalem
Area (km2)
345
Population
419,108a
Density (per km2)
1214.8
Muhafazah (district capital)
Jerusalem (see Status of Jerusalem)
Bethlehem
Bethlehem
Name
Bethlehem
Area (km2)
659
Population
216,114
Density (per km2)
927.9
Muhafazah (district capital)
Bethlehem
Hebron
Hebron
Name
Hebron
Area (km2)
997
Population
706,508
Density (per km2)
708.6
Muhafazah (district capital)
Hebron
North Gaza
North Gaza
Name
North Gaza
Area (km2)
61
Population
362,772
Density (per km2)
5947.1
Muhafazah (district capital)
Jabalya[citation needed]
Gaza
Gaza
Name
Gaza
Area (km2)
74
Population
625,824
Density (per km2)
8457.1
Muhafazah (district capital)
Gaza
Deir Al-Balah
Deir Al-Balah
Name
Deir Al-Balah
Area (km2)
58
Population
264,455
Density (per km2)
4559.6
Muhafazah (district capital)
Deir al-Balah
Khan Yunis
Khan Yunis
Name
Khan Yunis
Area (km2)
108
Population
341,393
Density (per km2)
3161.0
Muhafazah (district capital)
Khan Yunis
Rafah
Rafah
Name
Rafah
Area (km2)
64
Population
225,538
Density (per km2)
3524.0
Muhafazah (district capital)
Rafah
Name
Area (km2)
Population
Density (per km2)
Muhafazah (district capital)
Jenin
583
311,231
533.8
Jenin
Tubas
402
64,719
161.0
Tubas
Tulkarm
246
182,053
740.0
Tulkarm
Nablus
605
380,961
629.7
Nablus
Qalqiliya
166
110,800
667.5
Qalqilya
Salfit
204
70,727
346.7
Salfit
Ramallah & Al-Bireh
855
348,110
407.1
Ramallah
Jericho & Al Aghwar
593
52,154
87.9
Jericho
Jerusalem
345
419,108a
1214.8
Jerusalem (see Status of Jerusalem)
Bethlehem
659
216,114
927.9
Bethlehem
Hebron
997
706,508
708.6
Hebron
North Gaza
61
362,772
5947.1
Jabalya[citation needed]
Gaza
74
625,824
8457.1
Gaza
Deir Al-Balah
58
264,455
4559.6
Deir al-Balah
Khan Yunis
108
341,393
3161.0
Khan Yunis
Rafah
64
225,538
3524.0
Rafah

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