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Outline of natural language processing

Updated: 11/6/2025, 1:04:44 AM Wikipedia source

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to natural-language processing: natural-language processing – computer activity in which computers are entailed to analyze, understand, alter, or generate natural language. This includes the automation of any or all linguistic forms, activities, or methods of communication, such as conversation, correspondence, reading, written composition, dictation, publishing, translation, lip reading, and so on. Natural-language processing is also the name of the branch of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics concerned with enabling computers to engage in communication using natural language(s) in all forms, including but not limited to speech, print, writing, and signing.

Tables

· Natural-language processing tools › Natural-language processing toolkits
Apertium
Apertium
Name
Apertium
Language
C++, Java
License
GPL
Creators
(various)
ChatScript
ChatScript
Name
ChatScript
Language
C++
License
GPL
Creators
Bruce Wilcox
Deeplearning4j
Deeplearning4j
Name
Deeplearning4j
Language
Java, Scala
License
Apache 2.0
Creators
Adam Gibson, Skymind
DELPH-IN
DELPH-IN
Name
DELPH-IN
Language
LISP, C++
License
LGPL, MIT, ...
Creators
Deep Linguistic Processing with HPSG Initiative
Distinguo
Distinguo
Name
Distinguo
Language
C++
License
Commercial
Creators
Ultralingua Inc.
DKPro Core
DKPro Core
Name
DKPro Core
Language
Java
License
Apache 2.0 / Varying for individual modules
Creators
Technische Universität Darmstadt / Online community
General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE)
General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE)
Name
General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE)
Language
Java
License
LGPL
Creators
GATE open source community
Gensim
Gensim
Name
Gensim
Language
Python
License
LGPL
Creators
Radim Řehůřek
LinguaStream
LinguaStream
Name
LinguaStream
Language
Java
License
Free for research
Creators
University of Caen, France
Mallet
Mallet
Name
Mallet
Language
Java
License
Common Public License
Creators
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Modular Audio Recognition Framework
Modular Audio Recognition Framework
Name
Modular Audio Recognition Framework
Language
Java
License
BSD
Creators
The MARF Research and Development Group, Concordia University
MontyLingua
MontyLingua
Name
MontyLingua
Language
Python, Java
License
Free for research
Creators
MIT
Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK)
Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK)
Name
Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK)
Language
Python
License
Apache 2.0
Apache OpenNLP
Apache OpenNLP
Name
Apache OpenNLP
Language
Java
License
Apache License 2.0
Creators
Online community
spaCy
spaCy
Name
spaCy
Language
Python, Cython
License
MIT
Creators
Matthew Honnibal, Explosion AI
UIMA
UIMA
Name
UIMA
Language
Java / C++
License
Apache 2.0
Creators
Apache
Name
Language
License
Creators
Apertium
C++, Java
GPL
(various)
ChatScript
C++
GPL
Bruce Wilcox
Deeplearning4j
Java, Scala
Apache 2.0
Adam Gibson, Skymind
DELPH-IN
LISP, C++
LGPL, MIT, ...
Deep Linguistic Processing with HPSG Initiative
Distinguo
C++
Commercial
Ultralingua Inc.
DKPro Core
Java
Apache 2.0 / Varying for individual modules
Technische Universität Darmstadt / Online community
General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE)
Java
LGPL
GATE open source community
Gensim
Python
LGPL
Radim Řehůřek
LinguaStream
Java
Free for research
University of Caen, France
Mallet
Java
Common Public License
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Modular Audio Recognition Framework
Java
BSD
The MARF Research and Development Group, Concordia University
MontyLingua
Python, Java
Free for research
MIT
Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK)
Python
Apache 2.0
Apache OpenNLP
Java
Apache License 2.0
Online community
spaCy
Python, Cython
MIT
Matthew Honnibal, Explosion AI
UIMA
Java / C++
Apache 2.0
Apache

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  19. Negobot: A conversational agent based on game theory for the detection of paedophile behaviour
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130917013039/http://paginaspersonales.deusto.es/isantos/publications/2012/Laorden_2012_CISIS_Negobot.pdf
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