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Octo Mundi Miracula

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Octo Mundi Miracula

Octo Mundi Miracula is a series of engravings published in 1572 by the Flemish engraver Philips Galle, based on a set of eight drawings by Dutch painter Maarten van Heemskerck, with accompanying elegiac couplet verses written by Hadrianus Junius. Heemskerck's primary source was Pedro Mexía's 1540 Silva de varia lección, which noted how the classical sources for the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World do not agree on a consistent list. The series is considered the first known complete visual representation of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and created the modern canonical list of seven wonders – the specific list had not existed in the various classical sources. Despite creating the modern canonical seven, the engravings included an eighth monument—the Colosseum—following van Heemskerck's 1533 Self-Portrait with the Colosseum. Architectural historian Professor Andrew Hopkins of the University of L'Aquila wrote that the Octo Mundi Miracula's "images of these monuments were so visually compelling they became the roster, akin to the standardizing order of the orders achieved by Sebastiano Serlio in 1537, with his treatise Regole generali di architetura".

Tables

· Work › Verses
Great Pyramid of Giza
Great Pyramid of Giza
Col 1
Great Pyramid of Giza
Original Latin
Ardva piramidvm phary miracvla reges Svrgentes gradibvs moles, monvmenta sepvltis, Struxere, et rapidi docvere Hyperionis ignes Vicinos ferre, ad magnae confinia Memphis
Translation
Lofty wonders of pyramids, Pharaohs' kings Built stepped structures, as monuments for the buried, They raised them, and showed the sun's rays To fall nearby, at the boundary of great Memphis
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Col 1
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Original Latin
Cvrsibvs extrvxti rativm Ptolemaee Regundis Nocturnis pharon, vt qvvm nox tenebrosa sileret, Clara, vicem in Phaebes, vomerent funalia lvcem, Infida vt nili sic tvtivs ora svbirent.
Translation
For voyages, you built, Ptolemy, careful guide, A lighthouse for the night, so when dark night lay still, Bright torches, in the moon's place, would shine light, So that the Nile's treacherous shores be approached more safely.
Walls of Babylon
Walls of Babylon
Col 1
Walls of Babylon
Original Latin
Imperiosa svi secta cervice mariti, Ivsset coctilibvs Babylona Semiramis altam Moenibvs incingi, lento qve bitvmine portas Adiecit centvm, et super his sibi nobile bustum
Translation
Imperious, with her husband's head cut off, Semiramis ordered lofty Babylon enclosed With baked-brick walls, and gates with firm bitumen One hundred added, and above them her noble tomb
Temple of Artemis
Temple of Artemis
Col 1
Temple of Artemis
Original Latin
Strvxit amazonia hanc ephesvs tibi delia sacram Aedem, lvxvriosae ingens asiae ornamentvm. Fvndamenta palvs tenvit, carbonibvs ante Far ta, vti tellvris starent immota fragore.
Translation
An Amazon built this in Ephesus for you, Artemis, a sacred Temple, a luxurious and great Asian ornament. A marsh held its deep foundations, laid upon charcoals beforehand, So earth might stand unmoved in a quake.
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Col 1
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Original Latin
Elis olympiadvm mater, qvae signat achivvm Nobilibvs fastos lvdis, miracvla clavdit: Phidiacvm qve iovem ostentat niveo ex elephanto Qvalis caesarie ac nvtv concvssit olympvm.
Translation
Elis, mother of Olympia, who signals Achaea With famous games and records, she houses wonders: Showing Phidias' Zeus, carved from white ivory, Whose hair and nod once shook Olympus.
Colossus of Rhodes
Colossus of Rhodes
Col 1
Colossus of Rhodes
Original Latin
Septimos decies cvbitos aeqvare colossvs Dictvs, par turri mole svb nomine solis Aere cavo factvs, saxorum vasta caverna Intvs, apvd Rhodios sacros accepit honores.
Translation
The Colossus, said to be 700 cubits, Equal in mass to a tower, under the Sun's name, Was made of hollow bronze, with a cavern of stone inside Among the Rhodians it received sacred honors.
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Col 1
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Original Latin
Mavsoli a bvsto calidos havrire mariti Deposcens conivnx cineres, pietatis advitae Exemplo posvit tvmvlvm spirantia cvivs Artifices svmmi caelarunt marmore signa.
Translation
From Mausolus's grave, his wife drew warmth, Imploring lifelong devotion to his ashes. Setting an example she erected a tomb, on which Artists carved the greatest statues from marble.
Colosseum of Rome
Colosseum of Rome
Col 1
Colosseum of Rome
Original Latin
Adiicit his vates, cvivs se bilbilis ortv Iactat, caesarei sacrvm decvs amphitheatri: Qvae mvndi speciem moles mentita globosam Accepit cav a popvlos, lvdos qve paravit.
Translation
To these is added by the poet whose birth Bilbilis boasts (i.e. Martial), The sacred glory of the imperial amphitheatre: A structure that mimicked the globe's round shape, Hollow, it held the crowds and staged their games.
Original Latin
Translation
Great Pyramid of Giza
Ardva piramidvm phary miracvla reges Svrgentes gradibvs moles, monvmenta sepvltis, Struxere, et rapidi docvere Hyperionis ignes Vicinos ferre, ad magnae confinia Memphis
Lofty wonders of pyramids, Pharaohs' kings Built stepped structures, as monuments for the buried, They raised them, and showed the sun's rays To fall nearby, at the boundary of great Memphis
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Cvrsibvs extrvxti rativm Ptolemaee Regundis Nocturnis pharon, vt qvvm nox tenebrosa sileret, Clara, vicem in Phaebes, vomerent funalia lvcem, Infida vt nili sic tvtivs ora svbirent.
For voyages, you built, Ptolemy, careful guide, A lighthouse for the night, so when dark night lay still, Bright torches, in the moon's place, would shine light, So that the Nile's treacherous shores be approached more safely.
Walls of Babylon
Imperiosa svi secta cervice mariti, Ivsset coctilibvs Babylona Semiramis altam Moenibvs incingi, lento qve bitvmine portas Adiecit centvm, et super his sibi nobile bustum
Imperious, with her husband's head cut off, Semiramis ordered lofty Babylon enclosed With baked-brick walls, and gates with firm bitumen One hundred added, and above them her noble tomb
Temple of Artemis
Strvxit amazonia hanc ephesvs tibi delia sacram Aedem, lvxvriosae ingens asiae ornamentvm. Fvndamenta palvs tenvit, carbonibvs ante Far ta, vti tellvris starent immota fragore.
An Amazon built this in Ephesus for you, Artemis, a sacred Temple, a luxurious and great Asian ornament. A marsh held its deep foundations, laid upon charcoals beforehand, So earth might stand unmoved in a quake.
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Elis olympiadvm mater, qvae signat achivvm Nobilibvs fastos lvdis, miracvla clavdit: Phidiacvm qve iovem ostentat niveo ex elephanto Qvalis caesarie ac nvtv concvssit olympvm.
Elis, mother of Olympia, who signals Achaea With famous games and records, she houses wonders: Showing Phidias' Zeus, carved from white ivory, Whose hair and nod once shook Olympus.
Colossus of Rhodes
Septimos decies cvbitos aeqvare colossvs Dictvs, par turri mole svb nomine solis Aere cavo factvs, saxorum vasta caverna Intvs, apvd Rhodios sacros accepit honores.
The Colossus, said to be 700 cubits, Equal in mass to a tower, under the Sun's name, Was made of hollow bronze, with a cavern of stone inside Among the Rhodians it received sacred honors.
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Mavsoli a bvsto calidos havrire mariti Deposcens conivnx cineres, pietatis advitae Exemplo posvit tvmvlvm spirantia cvivs Artifices svmmi caelarunt marmore signa.
From Mausolus's grave, his wife drew warmth, Imploring lifelong devotion to his ashes. Setting an example she erected a tomb, on which Artists carved the greatest statues from marble.
Colosseum of Rome
Adiicit his vates, cvivs se bilbilis ortv Iactat, caesarei sacrvm decvs amphitheatri: Qvae mvndi speciem moles mentita globosam Accepit cav a popvlos, lvdos qve paravit.
To these is added by the poet whose birth Bilbilis boasts (i.e. Martial), The sacred glory of the imperial amphitheatre: A structure that mimicked the globe's round shape, Hollow, it held the crowds and staged their games.

References

  1. transl. Eight Wonders of the World; Dutch: De acht wereldwonderen; French: Huit Merveilles du monde antique, lit. 'Eight
  2. Hopkins 2024, p. 139.
  3. Silva de varia lección
    https://books.google.com/books?id=4dp8nD-3nZ8C
  4. Hopkins 2024, pp. 141–143: "His images of these monuments were so visually compelling they became the roster, akin to th
  5. Clayton & Price 2013, p. 5: "It is perhaps only with the execution of these drawings that the list became fixed for all
  6. Tobin 2011, p. 6: "The 'canonical' list of the Seven Wonders that we use today was actually drawn up in the sixteenth ce
  7. Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art
    http://www.jstor.org/stable/3780311
  8. Original Spanish: “Los que han leído las historias, oradores y poetas antiguos: no pocas veces habrán hallado hecha menc
  9. Hopkins 2024, p. 141: “The advantage for a visual artist such as van Heemskerck seems clear: the Colosseum actually coul
  10. Hopkins 2024, p. 137–170.
  11. Sammut 2022, p. 27–49.
  12. De Miguel Irureta 2021, p. English abstract, page 8: “The diffusion of van Heemskerck's work has helped to fix the canon
    https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Franzini
  13. De Miguel Irureta 2024, p. 60–64: “Esta simbiosis entre tradición y modernidad confirma el éxito de las siete maravillas
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