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National and official language in all aspects of the whole territory of the state and in its international relations
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Co-official language at a state level (excluding defence, central police and monetary policy) and in local self-governme
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/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/, MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə, Macedonian: Северна Македонија, romanised: Severna Makedonija, .mw- .mw-parser-output
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Macedonian: Република Северна Македонија, romanised: Republika Severna Makedonija, pronounced [rɛˈpublika ˈsɛvɛrna makɛˈ
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North Macedonia has recognised Kosovo since 9 October 2008.
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This policy changed after 1943 with the arrival of Tito's envoy Montenegrin Serb Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo. He began in
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stat.gov.mk
http://www.stat.gov.mk/Publikacii/knigaX.pdf -
Stat.gov.mk
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"Попис на населението, домаќинствата и становите во Република Северна Македонија, 2021 – прв сет на податоци"
https://web.archive.org/web/20220331074832/https://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/2022/2.1.22.10-mk-en.pdf -
Territorial Units. State Statistical Office.
https://www.stat.gov.mk/OblastOpsto_en.aspx?id=1 -
IMF.org
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=962,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2030&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 -
stat.gov.mk
https://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/2025/4.1.25.29_mk.pdf -
"Human Development Report 2025"
https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf -
North Macedonia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
https://web.archive.org/web/20081116102337/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=288 -
"The World Bank in North Macedonia"
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/northmacedonia -
Μακεδονία, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus
https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2364599 -
Macedonia, Online Etymology Dictionary
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Macedonia -
μακεδνός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus
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μακρός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus
https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmakro%2Fs1 -
Eugene N. Borza, Makedonika, Regina Books, ISBN 0-941690-65-2, p. 114: The "highlanders" or "Makedones" of the mountaino
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Nigel Guy Wilson (2009). Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece, Routledge, p. 439: The latest archaeological findings have conf
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Etymological Dictionary of Greek
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"What is often overlooked is how Bulgarians and Greeks collaborated unknowingly from the middle decades of the 19th cent
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"In the early 19th c. the modern Greeks with their Western-derived obsession with antiquity played a crucial role in rev
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"In 1813 Macedonia did not exist. A century later, it had become a hotly contested nationalist cause, a battlefield, and
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The ancient name 'Macedonia' disappeared during the period of Ottoman rule and was only restored in the nineteenth centu
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"The region was not called "Macedonia" by the Ottomans, and the name "Macedonia" gained currency together with the ascen
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"The Greeks were amongst the first to define these lands since the beginning of the 19th century. For educated Greeks, M
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Donald Bloxham, The Final Solution: A Genocide, OUP Oxford, 2009, ISBN 0-19-955033-6, p. 65.
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Chris Kostov, Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, Peter Lang, 2010, ISBN 3-0343-019
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CP24
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BBC
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45704860 -
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Reuters
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Macedonian Legacies: Studies in Ancient Macedonian History and Culture in Honor of Eugene N. Borza
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The Illyrians
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Howe & Reames 2008, p. 239. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHoweReames2008 (help)
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Warfare in the ancient world: from the Bronze Age to the fall of Rome. By Stefan G. Chrissanthos, p. 75
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Macedonia yesterday and today Author Giorgio Nurigiani, Publisher Teleurope, 1967 p. 77.
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Stipčević, Aleksandar (1977). The Illyrians. Translated by Stojana Čulić Burton. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press. p.
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Macedonia: Warlords and Rebels in the Balkans
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Becoming Bulgarian: The articulation of Bulgarian identity in the nineteenth century in its international context: An intellectual history
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The pen and the sword: Studies in Bulgarian history
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The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913
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Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia
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Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe
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History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808–1975
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There was even an attempt to form a kind of revolutionary government led by the socialist Nikola Karev. The Krushevo man
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In fact Macedonian historians as Blaze Ristovski have recognised, that the "government" of the "republic", nowadays a sy
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"The IMARO activists saw the future autonomous Macedonia as a multinational polity, and did not pursue the self-determin
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The political and military leaders of the Slavs of Macedonia at the turn of the century seem not to have heard the call
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Nicolle 2008, p. 162.
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Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century
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Йосиф Разсуканов, 85 години от Охриско-Дебърското въстание, в-к "Македония", брой 33, 16 септември 1998 г.
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War and Society in East Central Europe: East central European society in World War I
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War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the Great War
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War crimes and crimes against humanity: violence against civilians on the eastern front (1914–1919)
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The Serbs: The Guardians of the Gate
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Report of the Interallied Commission on the Violation of the Hague Convention
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Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century
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"Kraljevina Jugoslavija! Novi naziv naše države. No, mi smo itak med seboj vedno dejali Jugoslavija, četudi je bilo na v
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Dejan Djokić, Yugoslavism: histories of a failed idea, 1918–1992, p. 123, at Google Books
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"An article by Dimiter Vlahov about the persecution of the Bulgarian population in Macedonia"
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Gerginov, Kr., Bilyarski, Ts. Unpublished documents for Todor Alexandrov's activities 1910–1919, magazine VIS, book 2, 1
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Victor Roudometof, Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Quest
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"Гиза, Антони, "Балканските държави и Македония", Македонски Научен Институт София, 2001 г"
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Bulgaria during the Second World War
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Bulgaria managed to save its entire 48,000-strong Jewish population during World War II from deportation to Nazi concent
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Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe
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BBC News
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Euractiv
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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
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The Guardian
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Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies
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