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North Macedonia

Updated: Wikipedia source

North Macedonia

North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. It shares land borders with Greece to the south, Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, Kosovo to the northwest and Serbia to the north. It constitutes approximately the northern third of the larger geographical region of Macedonia. Skopje, the capital and largest city, is home to a quarter of the country's population of over 1.83 million. The majority of the residents are ethnic Macedonians, a South Slavic people. Albanians form a significant minority at around 25%, followed by Turks, Roma, Serbs, Bosniaks, Aromanians and a few other minorities. The region's history begins with the kingdom of Paeonia. In the late sixth century BC, the area was subjugated by the Persian Achaemenid Empire, then incorporated into the Kingdom of Macedonia in the fourth century BC. The Roman Republic conquered the region in the second century BC and made it part of its larger province of Macedonia. The area remained part of the Byzantine Empire, but was often raided and settled by Slavic tribes beginning in the sixth century CE. Following centuries of contention between the Bulgarian, Byzantine, and Serbian Empires, it was part of the Ottoman Empire from the mid-14th until the early 20th century, when, following the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913, the modern territory of North Macedonia came under Serbian rule. During the First World War, the territory was ruled by Bulgaria. After the end of the war, it returned to Serbian rule as part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. During the Second World War, it was again ruled by Bulgaria; and in 1945 it was established as a constituent state of communist Yugoslavia, which it remained until its peaceful secession in 1991. The country became a member of the United Nations (UN) in 1993, but as a result of a dispute with Greece over the name "Macedonia", it was admitted under the provisional description "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (abbreviated as "FYR Macedonia" or "FYROM"). In 2018, the dispute was resolved with an agreement that the country should rename itself "Republic of North Macedonia". This renaming came into effect in early 2019. North Macedonia is a member of NATO, the Council of Europe, the World Bank, OSCE, CEFTA, BSEC and the WTO. Since 2005, it has also been a candidate for joining the European Union. North Macedonia is an upper-middle-income country by the World Bank's definitions and has undergone considerable economic reform since its independence in developing an open economy. It is a developing country with a very high Human Development Index and low income inequality; and provides social security, a universal health care system, and free primary and secondary education to its citizens.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Skopje 42°0′N 21°26′E / 42.000°N 21.433°E / 42.000; 21.433
Official languages
mw- Macedonian[a] Albanian[b]
Official regional languages
TurkishRomaniSerbianBosnianAromanian
Ethnic groups (2021[c])
63.0% Macedonians26.2% Albanians4.2% Turks2.7% Roma1.4% Serbs2.5% other
Religion (2021)
mw- li 60.4% Christianity 46.1% Eastern Orthodoxy 14.3% other Christian 32.2% Islam0.1% no religion0.1% other7.2% data taken from administrative sources
Demonym
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Macedonian
Government
Unitary parliamentary republic
• President
Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
• Prime Minister
Hristijan Mickoski
• Chairman of the Assembly
Afrim Gashi
Legislature
Assembly
• Socialist Republic of Macedonia
2 August 1944
• Independence referendum
8 September 1991
• Total
$17.885 billion (137th)
• Water (%)
1.1
• 2021 census
1,836,713
• Density
71.43/km2 (185.0/sq mi) (122nd)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$9,882 (81st)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2022)
29.8 } }low inequality
HDI (2023)
0.815very high (68th)
Currency
Macedonian denar (MKD)
Time zone
UTC 1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 2 (CEST)
Calling code
389
ISO 3166 code
MK
Internet TLD
mk.мкд
Ethnic groups (2021)
58.4% Macedonians24.3% Albanians3.9% Turks2.5% Roma1.3% Serbs0.9% Bosniaks0.5% Aromanians (including Megleno-Romanians)1.0% other (including undeclared and unknown)7.2% persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources

Tables

· Geography › Biodiversity
Mavrovo
Mavrovo
Name
Mavrovo
Established
1948
Size
731 km2
Map
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv> }
Picture
Galičica
Galičica
Name
Galičica
Established
1958
Size
227 km2
Map
Picture
Pelister
Pelister
Name
Pelister
Established
1948
Size
125 km2
Map
Picture
Šar Mountains
Šar Mountains
Name
Šar Mountains
Established
2021
Size
244 km2
Map
Picture
Name
Established
Size
Map
Picture
Mavrovo
1948
731 km2
html.skin-theme-clientpref-os od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os od > }
Galičica
1958
227 km2
Pelister
1948
125 km2
Šar Mountains
2021
244 km2
· Politics
Gordana SiljanovskaDavkovaPresident
Gordana SiljanovskaDavkovaPresident
Col 1
Gordana SiljanovskaDavkovaPresident
Col 2
Hristijan MickoskiPrime Minister
Gordana SiljanovskaDavkovaPresident
Hristijan MickoskiPrime Minister
· Culture › Public holidays
New Year
New Year
Date
1–2 January
English name
New Year
Macedonian name
Нова Година, Nova Godina
Christmas Day (Orthodox)
Christmas Day (Orthodox)
Date
7 January
English name
Christmas Day (Orthodox)
Macedonian name
Прв ден Божиќ, Prv den Božiḱ
Good Friday (Orthodox)
Good Friday (Orthodox)
Date
April/May
English name
Good Friday (Orthodox)
Macedonian name
Велики Петок, Veliki Petok
Remarks
Orthodox Easter and other Easter dates do not match; see: List of dates for Easter
Easter Sunday (Orthodox)
Easter Sunday (Orthodox)
Date
April/May
English name
Easter Sunday (Orthodox)
Macedonian name
Прв ден Велигден, Prv den Veligden
Easter Monday (Orthodox)
Easter Monday (Orthodox)
Date
April/May
English name
Easter Monday (Orthodox)
Macedonian name
Втор ден Велигден, Vtor den Veligden
Labour Day
Labour Day
Date
1 May
English name
Labour Day
Macedonian name
Ден на трудот, Den na trudot
Saints Cyril and Methodius Day
Saints Cyril and Methodius Day
Date
24 May
English name
Saints Cyril and Methodius Day
Macedonian name
Св. Кирил и Методиј, Ден на сèсловенските просветители, Sv. Kiril i Metodij, Den na sèslovenskite prosvetiteli
Republic Day
Republic Day
Date
2 August
English name
Republic Day
Macedonian name
Ден на Републиката, Den na Republikata
Remarks
Day when the Republic was established in 1944, also Ilinden Uprising in 1903.
Independence Day
Independence Day
Date
8 September
English name
Independence Day
Macedonian name
Ден на независноста, Den na nezavisnosta
Remarks
Day of independence from Yugoslavia
Day of the Macedonian Uprising
Day of the Macedonian Uprising
Date
11 October
English name
Day of the Macedonian Uprising
Macedonian name
Ден на востанието, Den na vostanieto
Remarks
Beginning of anti-fascist resistance during WWII in 1941
Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle (Holiday)
Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle (Holiday)
Date
23 October
English name
Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle (Holiday)
Macedonian name
Ден на македонската револуционерна борба, Den na makedonskata revolucionarna borba
Remarks
Day when the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) was established in 1893.
Eid ul-Fitr
Eid ul-Fitr
Date
1 Shawwal
English name
Eid ul-Fitr
Macedonian name
Рамазан Бајрам, Ramazan Bajram
Remarks
moveable, see: Islamic Calendar
Saint Clement of Ohrid Day
Saint Clement of Ohrid Day
Date
8 December
English name
Saint Clement of Ohrid Day
Macedonian name
Св. Климент Охридски, Sv. Kliment Ohridski
Date
English name
Macedonian name
Remarks
1–2 January
New Year
Нова Година, Nova Godina
7 January
Christmas Day (Orthodox)
Прв ден Божиќ, Prv den Božiḱ
April/May
Good Friday (Orthodox)
Велики Петок, Veliki Petok
Orthodox Easter and other Easter dates do not match; see: List of dates for Easter
April/May
Easter Sunday (Orthodox)
Прв ден Велигден, Prv den Veligden
April/May
Easter Monday (Orthodox)
Втор ден Велигден, Vtor den Veligden
1 May
Labour Day
Ден на трудот, Den na trudot
24 May
Saints Cyril and Methodius Day
Св. Кирил и Методиј, Ден на сèсловенските просветители, Sv. Kiril i Metodij, Den na sèslovenskite prosvetiteli
2 August
Republic Day
Ден на Републиката, Den na Republikata
Day when the Republic was established in 1944, also Ilinden Uprising in 1903.
8 September
Independence Day
Ден на независноста, Den na nezavisnosta
Day of independence from Yugoslavia
11 October
Day of the Macedonian Uprising
Ден на востанието, Den na vostanieto
Beginning of anti-fascist resistance during WWII in 1941
23 October
Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle (Holiday)
Ден на македонската револуционерна борба, Den na makedonskata revolucionarna borba
Day when the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) was established in 1893.
1 Shawwal
Eid ul-Fitr
Рамазан Бајрам, Ramazan Bajram
moveable, see: Islamic Calendar
8 December
Saint Clement of Ohrid Day
Св. Климент Охридски, Sv. Kliment Ohridski
· International rankings
65 out of 163
65 out of 163
Organisation
Institute for Economics and Peace
Survey
Global Peace Index 2019
Ranking
65 out of 163
95 out of 180
95 out of 180
Organisation
Reporters Without Borders
Survey
Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2019
Ranking
95 out of 180
106 out of 180
106 out of 180
Organisation
Transparency International
Survey
Corruption Perceptions Index 2019
Ranking
106 out of 180
82 out of 189
82 out of 189
Organisation
United Nations Development Programme
Survey
Human Development Index 2019
Ranking
82 out of 189
10 out of 190
10 out of 190
Organisation
World Bank
Survey
Ease of doing business index 2019
Ranking
10 out of 190
Organisation
Survey
Ranking
Institute for Economics and Peace
Global Peace Index 2019
65 out of 163
Reporters Without Borders
Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2019
95 out of 180
Transparency International
Corruption Perceptions Index 2019
106 out of 180
United Nations Development Programme
Human Development Index 2019
82 out of 189
World Bank
Ease of doing business index 2019
10 out of 190

References

  1. National and official language in all aspects of the whole territory of the state and in its international relations
  2. Co-official language at a state level (excluding defence, central police and monetary policy) and in local self-governme
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