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North Korea

Updated: Wikipedia source

North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like South Korea, claims to be the sole legitimate government of the Korean Peninsula and adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city. The Korean Peninsula was first inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) and the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). The succeeding Korean Empire (1897–1910) was annexed in 1910 into the Empire of Japan. In 1945, after the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II, Korea was divided into two zones along the 38th parallel, with the north occupied by the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States. In 1948, separate governments were formed in Korea: the socialist and Soviet-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north, and the capitalist, Western-aligned Republic of Korea in the south. The North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950 started the Korean War. In 1953, the Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire and established a demilitarized zone (DMZ), but no formal peace treaty has ever been signed. Post-war North Korea benefited greatly from economic aid and expertise provided by other Eastern Bloc countries. However, Kim Il Sung, North Korea's first leader, promoted his personal philosophy of Juche as the state ideology. Pyongyang's international isolation sharply accelerated from the 1980s onwards as the Cold War came to an end. The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 then brought about a sharp decline to the North Korean economy. From 1994 to 1998, North Korea suffered a famine with the population continuing to suffer from malnutrition. In 2024, the DPRK formally abandoned efforts to reunify Korea. North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship with a comprehensive cult of personality around the Kim family. Amnesty International considers the country to have the worst human rights record in the world. Officially, North Korea is a communist state that self-designates as an "independent socialist state" which holds democratic elections; however, outside observers have described the elections as unfair, uncompetitive, and pre-determined. The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) is the sole ruling party of North Korea. According to Article 3 of the constitution, Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism is the official ideology of North Korea. The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms. Most services—such as healthcare, education, housing, and food production—are subsidized or state-funded. North Korea follows Songun, a "military first" policy which prioritizes the Korean People's Army in state affairs and the allocation of resources. It possesses nuclear weapons. Its active-duty army of 1.28 million soldiers is the fourth-largest in the world. In addition to being a member of the United Nations since 1991, North Korea is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, the G77, and the ASEAN Regional Forum.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
mw- 39°2′N 125°45′E / 39.033°N 125.750°E / 39.033; 125.750
Official languages
Korean (Munhwaŏ)
Official script
Chosŏn'gŭl
Religion (2020)
mw- 73% no religion[a] 13% Chondoism 12% Shamanism 1.5% Buddhism 0.5% other[b]
Demonyms
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li North KoreanKorean
Government
Unitary communist state
• WPK General Secretary and SAC President[c]
Kim Jong Un
• Premier
Pak Thae-song
• SPA Standing Committee Chairman and SAC First Vice President
Choe Ryong-hae
• SPA Chairman
Vacant
Legislature
Supreme People's Assembly
• Gojoseon
2333 BC (mythological)
• Three Kingdoms
57 BC
• Balhae and Silla Kingdoms
668
• Goryeo dynasty
918
• Joseon dynasty
17 July 1392
• Korean Empire
12 October 1897
• Japanese annexation
22 August 1910
• Independence from Japan declared
1 March 1919
• Surrender of Japan
2 September 1945
• People's Republic of Korea
6 September 1945
• Soviet administration north of the 38th parallel
3 October 1945
• 1st provisional govt.
8 February 1946
• 2nd provisional govt.
22 February 1947
• DPRK established
9 September 1948
• Current constitution
27 December 1972
• Total
$32.036 billion
• Water (%)
0.11
• 2024 estimate
26,298,666 (54th)
• 2008 census
24,052,231
• Density
212/km2 (549.1/sq mi) (68th)
GDP (PPP)
2023 estimate
• Per capita
$1,261
GDP (nominal)
2024 estimate
Gini (2020)
16.6 } }low inequality
HDI (1995)
0.766high
Currency
Korean People's won (₩) (KPW)
Time zone
UTC 09:00 (PYT)
Date format
yy, yyyy년 mm월 dd일yy, yyyy/mm/dd (AD–1911 / AD)
Calling code
850
ISO 3166 code
KP
Internet TLD
kp

Tables

Directly-governed city (직할시)
Directly-governed city (직할시)
Map
Pyongyang Rason Nampo South Pyongan North Hwanghae South Hwanghae Kangwon South Hamgyong North Hamgyong Ryanggang Chagang North Pyongan KaesongChina South KoreaYellow Sea(Korea West Sea) Korea Bay Sea of Japan(Korea East Sea)
Name
Directly-governed city (직할시)
평양
평양
Map
Pyongyang
Name
평양
Chosŏn'gŭl
Chung-guyok
개성
개성
Map
Kaesong
Name
개성
Chosŏn'gŭl
Kaesong
라선
라선
Map
Rason
Name
라선
Chosŏn'gŭl
Rajin-guyok
남포
남포
Map
Nampo
Name
남포
Chosŏn'gŭl
Waudo-guyok
평안남도
평안남도
Map
South Pyongan
Name
평안남도
Chosŏn'gŭl
Pyongsong
평안북도
평안북도
Map
North Pyongan
Name
평안북도
Chosŏn'gŭl
Sinuiju
자강도
자강도
Map
Chagang
Name
자강도
Chosŏn'gŭl
Kanggye
황해남도
황해남도
Map
South Hwanghae
Name
황해남도
Chosŏn'gŭl
Haeju
황해북도
황해북도
Map
North Hwanghae
Name
황해북도
Chosŏn'gŭl
Sariwon
강원도
강원도
Map
Kangwon
Name
강원도
Chosŏn'gŭl
Wonsan
함경남도
함경남도
Map
South Hamgyong
Name
함경남도
Chosŏn'gŭl
Hamhung
함경북도
함경북도
Map
North Hamgyong
Name
함경북도
Chosŏn'gŭl
Chongjin
량강도
량강도
Map
Ryanggang
Name
량강도
Chosŏn'gŭl
Hyesan
Map
Name
Chosŏn'gŭl
Administrative seat
Pyongyang Rason Nampo South Pyongan North Hwanghae South Hwanghae Kangwon South Hamgyong North Hamgyong Ryanggang Chagang North Pyongan KaesongChina South KoreaYellow Sea(Korea West Sea) Korea Bay Sea of Japan(Korea East Sea)
Directly-governed city (직할시)
Pyongyang
평양
Chung-guyok
Special-level city (특별시)
Kaesong
개성
Kaesong
Special cities (특별시)
Rason
라선
Rajin-guyok
Nampo
남포
Waudo-guyok
Provinces (도)
South Pyongan
평안남도
Pyongsong
North Pyongan
평안북도
Sinuiju
Chagang
자강도
Kanggye
South Hwanghae
황해남도
Haeju
North Hwanghae
황해북도
Sariwon
Kangwon
강원도
Wonsan
South Hamgyong
함경남도
Hamhung
North Hamgyong
함경북도
Chongjin
Ryanggang
량강도
Hyesan

References

  1. 58% agnostic, 15% atheist. North Korea is officially an atheist state.
  2. Including Christianity, Islam, and Chinese folk religion.
  3. The Supreme Leader of North Korea, who holds the titles of: General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea President
  4. North Koreans use the name Chosŏn (조선, 朝鮮) when referring to North Korea or Korea as a whole. The literal translation of
  5. Also abbreviated as DPR Korea and Korea, DPRKorean: 조선민주주의인민공화국Hancha: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國MR: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk
  6. North Korea's border with South Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula.
  7. The constitution of the DPRK, Article 1, states that "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is an independent social
  8. In spite of the United States' recognition of South Korea de jure, Sweden acts as its protecting power.
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