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North American P-51 Mustang

Updated: Wikipedia source

North American P-51 Mustang

The North American Aviation P-51 Mustang is an American long-range, single-seat fighter and fighter-bomber used during World War II and the Korean War, among other conflicts. The Mustang was designed in 1940 by a team headed by James H. Kindelberger of North American Aviation (NAA) in response to a requirement of the British Purchasing Commission. The commission approached NAA to build Curtiss P-40 fighters under license for the Royal Air Force (RAF). Rather than build an old design from another company, NAA proposed the design and production of a more modern fighter. The prototype NA-73X airframe was completed on 9 September 1940, 102 days after contract signing, achieving its first flight on 26 October. The Mustang was designed to use the Allison V-1710 engine without an export-sensitive turbosupercharger or a multi-stage supercharger, resulting in limited high-altitude performance. The aircraft was first flown operationally by the RAF as a tactical-reconnaissance aircraft and fighter-bomber (Mustang Mk I). In mid 1942, a development project known as the Rolls-Royce Mustang X, replaced the Allison engine with a Rolls-Royce Merlin 65 two-stage inter-cooled supercharged engine. During testing at Rolls-Royce's airfield at Hucknall in England, it was clear the engine dramatically improved the aircraft's performance at altitudes above 15,000 ft (4,600 m) without sacrificing range. Following receipt of the test results and after further flights by USAAF pilots, the results were so positive that North American began work on converting several aircraft developing into the P-51B/C (Mustang Mk III) model, which became the first long-range fighter to be able to compete with the Luftwaffe's fighters. The definitive version, the P-51D, was powered by the Packard V-1650-7, a license-built version of the two-speed, two-stage-supercharged Merlin 66, and was armed with six .50 caliber (12.7 mm) AN/M2 Browning machine guns. From late 1943 into 1945, P-51Bs and P-51Cs (supplemented by P-51Ds from mid-1944) were used by the USAAF's Eighth Air Force to escort bombers in raids over Germany, while the RAF's Second Tactical Air Force and the USAAF's Ninth Air Force used the Merlin-powered Mustangs as fighter-bombers, roles in which the Mustang helped ensure Allied air superiority in 1944. The P-51 was also used by Allied air forces in the North African, Mediterranean, Italian, and Pacific theaters. During World War II, Mustang pilots claimed to have destroyed 4,950 enemy aircraft. At the start of the Korean War, the Mustang, by then redesignated F-51, was the main fighter of the United States until jet fighters, including North American's F-86 Sabre, took over this role; the Mustang then became a specialized fighter-bomber. Despite the advent of jet fighters, the Mustang remained in service with some air forces until the early 1980s. After the Korean War, Mustangs became popular civilian warbirds and air racing aircraft.

Infobox

Type
Fighter
National origin
United States
Manufacturer
North American Aviation
Primary users
United States Army Air Forces Royal Air ForceRoyal New Zealand Air ForceRoyal Canadian Air Force
Number built
More than 15,000
Introduction date
January 1942 (RAF)
First flight
26 October 1940
Retired
Retired from military service 1984 (Dominican Air Force)
Variants
North American A-36Rolls-Royce Mustang Mk.XCAC MustangCavalier Mustang
Developed into
North American F-82 Twin MustangPiper PA-48 Enforcer

Tables

North American-built airframes[149][150] · Variants › Production
NA-73X
NA-73X
Variant
NA-73X
Number built
1
Notes
Prototype
XP-51
XP-51
Variant
XP-51
Number built
2
Notes
Prototypes
Mustang I
Mustang I
Variant
Mustang I
Number built
620
Notes
Built for RAF at Inglewood, California
A-36 Apache
A-36 Apache
Variant
A-36 Apache
Number built
500
Notes
Dive-bomber variant of P-51; also known as "Invader" or "Mustang"
P-51
P-51
Variant
P-51
Number built
150
Notes
Built at Inglewood, California. 93 were Lend-Leased to the UK, operated by RAF as the "Mustang Ia". 57 were retained by the USAAF and fitted with Allison V-1710-39 engines.
P-51A-NA
P-51A-NA
Variant
P-51A-NA
Number built
310
Notes
Built at Inglewood, California. 50 Lend-Leased to the RAF as the "Mustang II".
XP-51B
XP-51B
Variant
XP-51B
Number built
2
Notes
Prototypes of P-51B
P-51B-NA
P-51B-NA
Variant
P-51B-NA
Number built
1,987
Notes
Built at Inglewood, California. First production version to be equipped with the Merlin engine. 308 supplied under Lend-Lease and operated by the RAF as "Mustang III".
P-51C-NT
P-51C-NT
Variant
P-51C-NT
Number built
1,750
Notes
First P-51 variant to be built at North American's Dallas plant. Identical to P-51B. Mustangs built by North American in Dallas were suffixed "-NT". 636 were supplied under Lend-Lease to the RAF as the "Mustang III".
XP-51D
XP-51D
Variant
XP-51D
Number built
3
Notes
Prototypes of P-51D
P-51D-NA/-NT
P-51D-NA/-NT
Variant
P-51D-NA/-NT
Number built
8,200
Notes
6,600 built at Inglewood and 1,600 built at Dallas. 100 P-51D-1-NA were sent unassembled to Australia. 282 under Lend-Lease served in the RAF as the "Mustang IV".
XP-51F
XP-51F
Variant
XP-51F
Number built
3
Notes
Lightweight version
XP-51G
XP-51G
Variant
XP-51G
Number built
2
Notes
Lightweight version; five-bladed propeller
P-51H-NA
P-51H-NA
Variant
P-51H-NA
Number built
555
Notes
Built at Inglewood, California
XP-51J
XP-51J
Variant
XP-51J
Number built
2
Notes
Allison-engined lightweight development.
P-51K-NT
P-51K-NT
Variant
P-51K-NT
Number built
1,500
Notes
Built at Dallas, Texas. Identical to the P-51D except fitted with a four-bladed Aeroproducts propeller. 600 Lend-Leased to the RAF as the "Mustang IVa".
P-51M-NT
P-51M-NT
Variant
P-51M-NT
Number built
1
Notes
Same as P-51D-25-NT and P-51D-30-NT, but with the non-water injected V-1650-9A engine for low-altitude operations and sharing the cuffless Hamilton Standard propeller. It was intended to enter full production at Dallas, but the contract was later cancelled.
Total number built
Total number built
Variant
Total number built
Number built
15,588
Notes
Includes 100 sent unassembled to Australia
Variant
Number built
Notes
NA-73X
1
Prototype
XP-51
2
Prototypes
Mustang I
620
Built for RAF at Inglewood, California
A-36 Apache
500
Dive-bomber variant of P-51; also known as "Invader" or "Mustang"
P-51
150
Built at Inglewood, California. 93 were Lend-Leased to the UK, operated by RAF as the "Mustang Ia". 57 were retained by the USAAF and fitted with Allison V-1710-39 engines.
P-51A-NA
310
Built at Inglewood, California. 50 Lend-Leased to the RAF as the "Mustang II".
XP-51B
2
Prototypes of P-51B
P-51B-NA
1,987
Built at Inglewood, California. First production version to be equipped with the Merlin engine. 308 supplied under Lend-Lease and operated by the RAF as "Mustang III".
P-51C-NT
1,750
First P-51 variant to be built at North American's Dallas plant. Identical to P-51B. Mustangs built by North American in Dallas were suffixed "-NT". 636 were supplied under Lend-Lease to the RAF as the "Mustang III".
XP-51D
3
Prototypes of P-51D
P-51D-NA/-NT
8,200
6,600 built at Inglewood and 1,600 built at Dallas. 100 P-51D-1-NA were sent unassembled to Australia. 282 under Lend-Lease served in the RAF as the "Mustang IV".
XP-51F
3
Lightweight version
XP-51G
2
Lightweight version; five-bladed propeller
P-51H-NA
555
Built at Inglewood, California
XP-51J
2
Allison-engined lightweight development.
P-51K-NT
1,500
Built at Dallas, Texas. Identical to the P-51D except fitted with a four-bladed Aeroproducts propeller. 600 Lend-Leased to the RAF as the "Mustang IVa".
P-51M-NT
1
Same as P-51D-25-NT and P-51D-30-NT, but with the non-water injected V-1650-9A engine for low-altitude operations and sharing the cuffless Hamilton Standard propeller. It was intended to enter full production at Dallas, but the contract was later cancelled.
Total number built
15,588
Includes 100 sent unassembled to Australia
Australian production by Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation[149][150] · Variants › Production
Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation CA-17 Mustang Mk 20
Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation CA-17 Mustang Mk 20
Variant
Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation CA-17 Mustang Mk 20
Number built
80
Notes
100 unassembled P-51D-1-NA were delivered as kits to Australia, but only 80 were built.
CAC CA-18 Mustang Mk 21, Mk 22 and Mk 23
CAC CA-18 Mustang Mk 21, Mk 22 and Mk 23
Variant
CAC CA-18 Mustang Mk 21, Mk 22 and Mk 23
Number built
120
Notes
License production in Australia of 120 (170 were originally ordered) P-51D. The Mk 21 and Mk 22 used the American-built Packard V-1650-3 or V-1650-7 engine and the Mk 23 (which followed the Mk 21) was powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin 66 or Merlin 70 engine.
Total number built
Total number built
Variant
Total number built
Number built
200
Variant
Number built
Notes
Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation CA-17 Mustang Mk 20
80
100 unassembled P-51D-1-NA were delivered as kits to Australia, but only 80 were built.
CAC CA-18 Mustang Mk 21, Mk 22 and Mk 23
120
License production in Australia of 120 (170 were originally ordered) P-51D. The Mk 21 and Mk 22 used the American-built Packard V-1650-3 or V-1650-7 engine and the Mk 23 (which followed the Mk 21) was powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin 66 or Merlin 70 engine.
Total number built
200
Conversions of already-built Mustangs[149][150] · Variants › Production
TP-51C
TP-51C
Variant
TP-51C
Number converted
At least 5
Notes
Field modification to create dual-control variant; at least five known built during World War II for training and VIP transport.
ETF-51D
ETF-51D
Variant
ETF-51D
Number converted
1
Notes
One P-51D modified for use on an aircraft carrier.
Rolls-Royce Mustang Mk X
Rolls-Royce Mustang Mk X
Variant
Rolls-Royce Mustang Mk X
Number converted
5
Notes
Five prototype conversions only – two Mustang Mk I airframes were initially trial fitted with Rolls-Royce Merlin 65 engines in mid-late 1942, to test the performance of the aircraft with a powerplant better adapted to medium/high altitudes. The successful conversion of the Packard V-1650 Merlin-powered P-51B/C equivalent rendered this experiment as superfluous. Although the conversions were highly successful, the planned production of 500 examples was cancelled.
Variant
Number converted
Notes
TP-51C
At least 5
Field modification to create dual-control variant; at least five known built during World War II for training and VIP transport.
ETF-51D
1
One P-51D modified for use on an aircraft carrier.
Rolls-Royce Mustang Mk X
5
Five prototype conversions only – two Mustang Mk I airframes were initially trial fitted with Rolls-Royce Merlin 65 engines in mid-late 1942, to test the performance of the aircraft with a powerplant better adapted to medium/high altitudes. The successful conversion of the Packard V-1650 Merlin-powered P-51B/C equivalent rendered this experiment as superfluous. Although the conversions were highly successful, the planned production of 500 examples was cancelled.
Cancelled contracts[149][150] · Variants › Production
NA-133
NA-133
Variant
NA-133
Notes
P-51H for the US Navy, with folding wings, an arrestor hook and tip tanks.
P-51L-NT
P-51L-NT
Variant
P-51L-NT
Notes
Lightweight version
CAC CA-21 Mustang Mk 24
CAC CA-21 Mustang Mk 24
Variant
CAC CA-21 Mustang Mk 24
Notes
License production of 250 two-seater Mustangs.
Variant
Notes
NA-133
P-51H for the US Navy, with folding wings, an arrestor hook and tip tanks.
P-51L-NT
Lightweight version
CAC CA-21 Mustang Mk 24
License production of 250 two-seater Mustangs.

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