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Nikita Khrushchev

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Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1894 – 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. As leader of the Soviet Union, he stunned the world by denouncing his predecessor Joseph Stalin, embarking on a campaign of de-Stalinization, and presiding over the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. Nikita Khrushchev was born in a village in western Russia on 15 April 1894. He was employed as a metal worker during his youth and was a political commissar in the Russian Civil War. Under the sponsorship of Lazar Kaganovich, Khrushchev rose through the ranks of the Soviet hierarchy. During Stalin's rule, he actively supported the Great Purge and approved thousands of arrests. In 1938, Stalin sent him to govern the Ukrainian SSR, and he continued the purges there. During the Great Patriotic War, Khrushchev was again a commissar, serving as an intermediary between Stalin and his generals. He was also present at the defense of Stalingrad, a fact in which he took great pride. After the war, Khrushchev returned to Ukraine before being recalled to Moscow as one of Stalin's close advisers. On 5 March 1953, the death of Stalin triggered a power struggle in which Khrushchev ultimately emerged victorious upon consolidating his authority as First Secretary of the party's Central Committee. On 25 February 1956, at the 20th Party Congress, he delivered the "Secret Speech", which denounced Stalin's purges and ushered in a less repressive era in the Soviet Union. His domestic policies, aimed at bettering the lives of ordinary citizens, were often ineffective, especially in agriculture. Hoping eventually to rely on missiles for national defense, Khrushchev ordered major cuts in conventional forces. Despite such cuts, Khrushchev's time in office saw the tensest years of the Cold War, culminating in the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. As leader of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev enjoyed considerable popularity during the late 1950s due to the successful launching of Sputnik in 1957 as well as favorable outcomes in the 1956 Suez Crisis, 1957 Syrian Crisis, and 1960 U-2 incident. However, by the early 1960s, Khrushchev's hold on power had been significantly weakened by his domestic policy failures and mishandling of the Cuban Missile Crisis. As a result, his rivals consolidated enough support among the nomenklatura to oust him from the Soviet leadership on 14 October 1964. Following his forced retirement, Khrushchev spent much of his time composing a series of lengthy memoirs which were smuggled to the West and published in part in 1970. He died the next year in his dacha.

Infobox

Preceded by
Stanislav Kosior
Succeeded by
Lazar Kaganovich
President
Kliment VoroshilovLeonid BrezhnevAnastas Mikoyan
First Deputies
See list Frol Kozlov Alexei Kosygin Dmitriy Ustinov Lazar Kaganovich Anastas Mikoyan
Born
(1894-04-15)15 April 1894Kalinovka, Dmitriyevsky Uyezd, Russia
Died
11 September 1971(1971-09-11) (aged 77)Moscow, Soviet Union
Resting place
Novodevichy Cemetery
Political party
CPSU[a] (1918–1964)
Spouses
mw- Yefrosinia Pisareva (m. 1914; died 1919) Nina Kukharchuk (m. 1965)
Children
5, including Leonid and Sergei
Alma mater
Industrial Academy
Awards
Full list
Allegiance
Russian SFSRSoviet Union
Branch/service
Red Army
Years of service
1918–1921; 1941–1945
Rank
Lieutenant general
Commands
Soviet Armed Forces
Battles/wars
mw- li Russian Civil War World War II
Party
CPSU[a] (1918–1964)

Tables

· External links
Preceded byNikolai Bulganin
Preceded byNikolai Bulganin
Political offices
Preceded byNikolai Bulganin
Political offices
Premier of the Soviet Union 1958–1964
Political offices
Succeeded byAlexei Kosygin
Preceded byLeonid Korniyets
Preceded byLeonid Korniyets
Political offices
Preceded byLeonid Korniyets
Political offices
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR 1944–1947
Political offices
Succeeded byDemian Korotchenko
Party political offices
Party political offices
Political offices
Party political offices
Preceded byJoseph Stalinas General Secretary
Preceded byJoseph Stalinas General Secretary
Political offices
Preceded byJoseph Stalinas General Secretary
Political offices
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1953–1964
Political offices
Succeeded byLeonid Brezhnev
Preceded byGeorgiy Popov
Preceded byGeorgiy Popov
Political offices
Preceded byGeorgiy Popov
Political offices
First Secretary of the Moscow Regional Committee 1949–1953
Political offices
Succeeded byNikolai Mikhailov
Preceded byLazar KaganovichStanislav Kosior
Preceded byLazar KaganovichStanislav Kosior
Political offices
Preceded byLazar KaganovichStanislav Kosior
Political offices
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine 1947–19491938–1947
Political offices
Succeeded byLeonid MelnikovLazar Kaganovich
Preceded byDmitriy Yevtushenko
Preceded byDmitriy Yevtushenko
Political offices
Preceded byDmitriy Yevtushenko
Political offices
First Secretary of the Kiev City/Regional Committee 1938–1947
Political offices
Succeeded byZinoviy Serdiuk
Preceded byLazar Kaganovich
Preceded byLazar Kaganovich
Political offices
Preceded byLazar Kaganovich
Political offices
First Secretary of the Moscow City/Regional Committee 1935–1938
Political offices
Succeeded byAleksandr Ugarov
Political offices
Preceded byNikolai Bulganin
Premier of the Soviet Union 1958–1964
Succeeded byAlexei Kosygin
Preceded byLeonid Korniyets
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR 1944–1947
Succeeded byDemian Korotchenko
Party political offices
Preceded byJoseph Stalinas General Secretary
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1953–1964
Succeeded byLeonid Brezhnev
Preceded byGeorgiy Popov
First Secretary of the Moscow Regional Committee 1949–1953
Succeeded byNikolai Mikhailov
Preceded byLazar KaganovichStanislav Kosior
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine 1947–19491938–1947
Succeeded byLeonid MelnikovLazar Kaganovich
Preceded byDmitriy Yevtushenko
First Secretary of the Kiev City/Regional Committee 1938–1947
Succeeded byZinoviy Serdiuk
Preceded byLazar Kaganovich
First Secretary of the Moscow City/Regional Committee 1935–1938
Succeeded byAleksandr Ugarov

References

  1. Founded as the RSDLP(b) in 1912; renamed the RCP(b) in 1918, AUCP(b) in 1925, and CPSU in 1952.
  2. While he was unable to consolidate control over the party apparatus, Malenkov was still recognized as "first among equal
  3. In this name that follows East Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Sergeyevich and the family name is Khrushchev.
  4. /ˈkrʊʃtʃɛf, ˈkruːʃ-, -tʃɒf/; Russian: Никита Сергеевич Хрущёв, romanized: Nikita Sergeevič Xruŝëv, .mw- .mw-parser-outpu
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